What is the cultural connotation of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty?

In the history of ceramics, with its own genius endowment and creation, as well as the astonishing artistic taste and height, the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty has proudly stood at the forefront of the porcelain industry of the Song Dynasty from its creation, and has an extremely important significance and undoubted historical status.

In terms of comprehensively improving and developing celadon firing technology, production technology and aesthetic taste, the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty has a unique charm of artistic creation and contribution, and the artistic achievements have had a direct and far-reaching impact on the ceramics of later generations, especially the official porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty, including Longquan celadon and other kiln mouths and kiln systems.

As the supreme model of celadon, the influence of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty on Chinese ceramics is very extensive and far-reaching, especially the shape and quality achieved according to the famous ancient wares, which is the fundamental reason why it has truly set an example for thousands of years. Qing Dynasty scholar Xu Zhiheng said in his "Drinking Liuzhai Porcelain": "Official porcelain is a model, and the essence is extracted from all over the world", which can be said to be the fundamental cause of the importance of official porcelain.

Not only the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, in fact, the shape of Hui Zongzheng and the "new ritual vessel", once fired and came out, established a beautiful and elegant artistic style, which directly affected the artistic pursuit and aesthetic view of ceramic modeling. With the creation of Huizong's plain and subtle, not focusing on ornamentation, the elegant and atmospheric official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty quickly became the fashion of the ceramic industry.

In particular, the imitation of typical types of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as pierced ear bottles, string pattern bottles, cong bottles, and mustache furnaces, has become more popular all over the world. For example, many kilns of the Ge kiln and Longquan system, as well as the Jun kiln, which was among the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, all vigorously imitated the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty of Huizong, not only the shape of the official porcelain, especially the production process and technology of the thin tire and thick glaze of the Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain, but also opened up a new situation of strides for the development of celadon in later generations.

According to the literature records and expert research and inference, the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty was set up in Kaifeng in Beijing from the first year of Daguan (around 1107), to the fall of Kaifeng after the difficulty of Jingkang (1125), and the firing time of the kiln mouth is only a short period of more than ten years. So far, the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was set up by Huizong himself, prepared by the inner government, tested by the master craftsmen, and served by the soldiers, although it has unique talents, is a direct enterprise under the royal family, and the economic and political foundation are extremely strong and solid, but the empire that created it was still destroyed by the Jin soldiers with a scimitar and a longbow in one fell swoop, let alone a small kiln mouth? However, although Huizong's Northern Song Dynasty official kiln, which once illuminated the world, was ended by the cruel war, resulting in the firing years of the Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain, but with the artistic charm of "warm as jade, purple iron feet and eel blood" to reach the pinnacle of Chinese celadon porcelain glaze firing, in the history of Chinese ceramics, with its own genius endowment and creation, as well as the world's artistic taste and height, from its creation proudly stood at the forefront of the Song Dynasty porcelain-making industry, It has an extremely important historical significance and undoubted historical status.

The official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty is not only the first kiln set by the emperor in Chinese history, a precedent for a generation, leaving a model of the ceramic official kiln system for Chinese government (state-owned) enterprises, and becoming the indiscriminate use of the official kiln system in later generations, in terms of comprehensively improving and developing Chinese celadon firing technology, production technology and aesthetic taste, etc., the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty has a unique charm of artistic creation and contribution, and the artistic achievements made have a kiln mouth and kiln system for later generations of Chinese ceramics, especially the official porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty, including Longquan celadon and other kilns. have had a direct and far-reaching impact, in this sense, it is not an exaggeration to call Huizong Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain a supreme pinnacle in the history of Chinese celadon culture.

Northern Song Dynasty official porcelain. One of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, Huizong of the Song Dynasty was dissatisfied with the defects of the existing tribute porcelain at that time, introduced the essence of Ru porcelain production, in Bianliang, Tokyo, that is, Kaifeng, Henan, according to his own design, personally commanded the firing and creation of the pinnacle porcelain, which is not only the only porcelain in the history of Chinese ceramics to build the kiln site in the palace firing, but also the first type of porcelain monopolized by the emperor personally.

The earliest pottery formed in the early period, hard pottery from the late Neolithic period, primitive porcelain created and fired in the Shang Dynasty, blue glazed porcelain from the Han and Jin dynasties, and Chunbei northern white glazed porcelain from the Sui and Tang dynasties. From the Song to the Qing Dynasty, the glazed, painted porcelain and sculptural ceramics are the fifth milestone in the history of the development of ancient Chinese ceramics. The invention of pottery is human civilization.

This is the first time that human beings have taken advantage of natural things and created something new on their own terms. According to the Paleolithic period found in the Nihewan area of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province.

Late pottery fragments, pottery has a long history of more than 11,700 years in China. Porcelain, on the other hand, is an evolution of pottery.

The kiln changes the glaze string pattern bottle, and the Yongzheng burning set from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty is in the ancient Jun kiln with a history of nearly 1,000 years, such as Pa kiln, Gui kiln, Gui kiln, Yao kiln, Yaozhou kiln, near Gui kiln, Cizhou kiln.

Jizhou kiln, Longquan celadon.

Come to build a kiln, Changsha kiln.

and so on, as well as the later rise of Jingdezhen kilns, these kilns are made of colored glazed porcelain, is a famous ceramic sculpture, the achievements of ancient Chinese Yinsenchen ceramic science and art reached the peak of history.

<> this historical period is not a region, nor is it a monochrome porcelain, but all over the north and south of the glaze, painted porcelain, sculpture porcelain and other fields. Whether it is from exquisite craftsmanship, rich colors or vivid patterns, their development has reached the highest level in the history of our country. These achievements not only reflect the past of Chinese porcelain, but also constitute the present and future of Chinese porcelain.

Because of this, all kinds of porcelain from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty became the main force of auctions and collections. In the following porcelain article, we will introduce the famous kilns from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty one by one, so that those who love porcelain can increase their understanding of various famous kilns. Stove Zen** from the Palace Museum.

The Ru kiln porcelain of the Song Dynasty is relatively simple, the volume is smaller, and the type is less, the Tang Sancai of the Tang Dynasty is very famous, the source with the glaze color is not hail with the finger is often beautiful, the Qing Dynasty is simple and simple, the collection value is quite high, and the vessel type is rich.

I think the most prosperous period of ceramic culture was the Qing Dynasty, and there were five major porcelain kilns during the Qing Dynasty, namely Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Yun kiln, and Ding kiln.

I still don't know about the porcelain culture of the five dynasties of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, but this culture is really worth inheriting.

Answer]: There are very few heirlooms from the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty, and their utensils are mainly rotten bowls, bottles, washes, etc. The carcass is thick and black, the glaze is light cyan, smooth and elegant, Gao Wei is especially known for the glaze with large cracks, different from the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln and Ru kiln and Longquan kiln porcelain, it also has the characteristics of "purple mouth iron foot".

Dingyao, Cizhou, Yaozhou, Ru, Guanyao, Longquan, Jingdezhen, Jian, and Jizhou are all examples of Song porcelain art.

The pursuit of elegance and beauty in the ceramics of the two Song Dynasty began in the early Song Dynasty, and was basically formed in the Huizong era at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and further carried forward in the Southern Song Dynasty. From the works of Dingyao, Ruyao, Guanyao, and Longquan Kiln, we can see the development trajectory of this pursuit.

Among the famous kilns of the Song Dynasty, the Dingyao, which mainly burns white porcelain, became famous the earliest, and many works were used by the royal family. Among them, the boutique products often have carved and printed decorations, although the patterns are elegant, but after all, there are patterns, and the surface of the utensils is not pure enough. Among porcelain, bowls and plates are the most numerous.

In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the porcelain workers of the Ding kiln invented overburning. Overfiring greatly increases the amount of bowls and plates in the kiln and reduces the cost, but the edge of the bowl and plate is coarse due to the lack of glaze.

The significance of Song Dynasty porcelain:

The history of Chinese ceramics records the continuous improvement of technology and the advancement of art with the times. Although the technique has become more and more sophisticated over time, when it comes to artistic attainments, the Song Dynasty has reached the pinnacle with elegance and beauty.

The ceramic production of the Song Dynasty was prosperous and developed, and in the midst of competition, a number of kilns with outstanding achievements and different styles emerged. With their vigorous creativity, they attracted a large number of porcelain kilns to follow suit, and became famous in the history of ceramics.