Can the sunflower 363 be watered during the full flowering period

During the full flowering period of edible sunflower 363, if the soil is dry, it is advisable to water in time to keep the soil moist. But do not flood it. Especially under the conditions of high temperature and strong light, supplementary watering should be carried out to avoid wilting of the leaves and affecting growth.

It is also necessary to avoid excessive drought and water a lot of water. During the flowering period of sunflowers, if the soil is dry in hot temperatures, you can choose to water them in the early morning or evening.

Sunflower is warm-loving, drought-tolerant, and has a growth period of more than 85 120 days. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 30 . Therefore, the suitable sowing date can be adjusted according to its growth characteristics at the time of sowing, so that the flowering and filling period can avoid the high temperature weather above 28 as much as possible.

When a star with a diameter of 1 cm appears on the top of the sunflower, it is commonly known as a bud. From budding to flowering, it generally takes about 20 days, and sunflowers need the most fertilizer and water during this period, accounting for about 40 50 of the total fertilizer and water requirements. If the demand for water and fertilizer cannot be met in time during this period, the yield will be seriously affected.

Sunflower, in general, has a low self-pollination and seed setting rate, only about 3; Cross-pollination has a high seed setting rate. However, if the temperature is high, the rain is more, the humidity is high, the light is insufficient, the soil is dry, etc., the seed setting rate will be greatly reduced, so it is necessary to cooperate with artificial pollination to improve the seed setting rate of sunflower.

Sunflower.

First, the law of sunflower fertilizer demand.

Sunflowers are a crop that requires a lot of fertilizer. The formation of the flower disc to the flowering period is the peak fertilizer requirement of sunflowers. More phosphorus is required from seedling emergence to flower disc formation stage, more nitrogen is required from flower disc formation to final flowering, and potassium absorption is the most from flower disc formation to wax maturity stage.

Therefore, phosphorus is the main fertilizer in the early stage of sunflower fertilization, and nitrogen and potassium are the main in the middle and late stages.

For every 100 kg of sunflower seeds produced, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) need to be absorbed from the soil. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mostly applied as basal fertilizer or seed fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer is used as top dressing or 1 3 as base fertilizer and 2 3 as top dressing.

Second, the fertilization technology of sunflowers.

The principle of fertilization is to apply sufficient basal fertilizer, reapply seed fertilizer, and apply it at the appropriate time.

The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. The general field of Tianwu EV bio-organic fertilizer is 1500-2500kg per mu, and the high-yield field should be applied 3000-4000kg per mu. If phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30kg of superphosphate is generally applied in the field, and about 50kg is applied in the high-yield field.

Potassium fertilizer can be applied to 50-75kg of plant ash per mu. But in saline land, plant ash is not used.

Seed fertilizer should use available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and fine manure and manure of livestock and poultry. The dosage should be small and precise. Generally, 15-30kg of superphosphate can be applied per mu, 10-15kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate or 35kg of plant ash.

In the barren hillside or gravel soil, 4-7kg of ammonium nitrate or about 10kg of ammonium sulfate should be added. It can be applied in holes or strips in the sowing furrow.

Top dressing is divided into top dressing at seedling stage and top dressing at flowering stage.

Top dressing at seedling stage: Spring-sown sunflower that is ripe once a year is generally not topdressed when the base fertilizer or seed fertilizer is sufficient. Sunflowers sown in summer and autumn need to be fertilized.

Top dressing during flowering: The critical period for top dressing of sunflowers is before budding. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally topdressing when 7-8 pairs of leaves, and topdressing without seed fertilizer should be appropriately advanced.

Top dressing is generally applied with 10-15kg of ammonium nitrate, 20-25kg of ammonium carbonate, 20kg of urea superphosphate, and 15kg of potassium chloride per mu. Strip or acupuncture.

Boron fertilizer has a good effect on increasing the yield of sunflower. Boron fertilizer should be added when the available boron content of the soil is low. It can be 150 grams of borax seed dressing per mu or sprayed with borax aqueous solution before flowering.

1. Land selection and land preparation.

Choose the drip irrigation land with medium and upper fertility, and choose the drive rake when preparing the land, so as to achieve the level, soil crushing, and good moisture, avoid heavy stubble, and realize 3-5 years of crop rotation.

2. Seed treatment.

Sunflower hybrids, the seed coating agent only has fungicidal and nutrient components, no insecticidal ingredients, do not be misled by the coating agent, in order to effectively prevent needleworm, ground tiger, crickets and other underground pests, must be treated before sowing.

3. Sow seeds at the right time.

When sowing, it is necessary to avoid rainy weather to prevent compaction, and if it causes rain after sowing, it should be broken in time. Dig 2-3cm and cover 2cm. Debug the machine in advance during machine sowing, and observe whether the blanking barrel is blocked at any time, so as not to cause the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and broken ridges, and try to avoid the sowing method of dry sowing and wet sowing.

Fourth, fertilizer and water management.

The first water in the middle of the bud must be watered thoroughly to facilitate the sunflower to take root. The frequency of watering depends on soil conditions, soil moisture and precipitation. At the ripening stage, the water should be stopped in time, otherwise the grains will turn yellow.

Chase 3-4 times of fertilizer during the whole growth period, and chase urea when pouring bud water for the first time; the second water chasing urea, trim potash fertilizer; Apply urea + potassium fertilizer 5 when watering flower water, and top apply potassium fertilizer when watering slurry.

1.Sowing: depending on the local climatic conditions for sowing at the appropriate time, planting under the moisture, and striving for the whole seedling, the sowing depth is about 3-5cm, not too deep, otherwise it will affect the emergence of seedlings, row spacing 83-85cm, plant spacing 33-35cm, the amount of seed per mu.

In order to save seeds, it is recommended to sow 2 grains in a hole and 1 grain in the next hole, that is, 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 form, in order to prevent lack of seedlings, a part of the seedlings can be raised in a nutrient bowl when sowing for supplemental seedlings, and the seedlings should be checked about a week after sowing, such as the lack of seedlings should be replanted or replanted in time.

2.Seedlings: When the seedlings grow to four true leaves (about 10cm high), the seedlings should be planted at the right time, maintaining one seedling per hole, and the planting density is recommended to be controlled at 2100-2400 plants.

3.Irrigation: Edible sunflower is highly drought resistant, but in order to obtain high yields, it is recommended to irrigate four times during the whole growth period under irrigation conditions: after sowing, when the diameter of the flower disc is 5-7cm, in the middle of flowering, and at the end of flowering.

4.Pollination: When 5% of sunflowers bloom, a box of bees can be placed every 5 acres of land to facilitate pollination, or artificial assisted pollination should be carried out 2-3 times during the entire flowering period

The first time is carried out 2-3 days after the flowering of the sunflower, and then every 3-4 days thereafter, artificial pollination should start in the morning when the dew disappears, the temperature is high at noon pollination is not good, and the pollination is after 3 pm. The method is to use a round pink paddle made of cotton, hold the paddle in one hand, hold the flower plate in the other hand, and pat lightly along the ridge, which can greatly improve the seed setting rate and yield.

Rain during the filling period of sunflower has a certain impact on the yield of sunflower. Because the sunflower period encounters rainy weather, the flowering period is prolonged, and the growth period is shortened, indicating that the maturity period is shortened, and the grain filling, maturity is accelerated, and the time is shortened after pollination, which will adversely affect the fullness and yield of the seeds.

Hazards]: The continuous rainy weather during the flowering and pollination period of sunflower is very harmful to sunflower production, which can significantly damage the yield of sunflower, the fullness of grains and the commerciality. Therefore, the cultivation and production of edible sunflower should be reasonably arranged, and the flowering and pollination period should be avoided as much as possible from continuous rainy weather.

Watering]: Edible sunflower from flowering to maturity this period does not require much water, generally accounting for about 38% of the total water requirement of the whole growth period, high temperature and drought in the field and water shortage will shorten the pollination time, affect the seed setting rate or cause deflated seeds, empty shells. In severe drought, the flower disc can be thinned and the empty grains increase, resulting in a serious reduction in yield.

Generally, the routine irrigation of sunflower is 3 4 times during the whole growth period, the second water is watered 12 15 days after the watering at the budding stage (that is, the first flowering stage), the third water is watered every 10 days, and the fourth water is watered during the filling period. Drip irrigation can be increased by 1 2 times according to the growth and weather conditions.

Precautions]: In the later stage of irrigation of sunflower, attention should be paid to windproof, and ditch irrigation should be used to effectively prevent lodging. Water is indispensable after flowering.

The stage from the bud to the flower bud diameter of 5 cm is the period when the stem growth is the largest, and the plant height can be effectively controlled by delaying the irrigation water. For varieties with a plant height of about meters, irrigation is carried out when the flower buds are 4.5 cm in diameter. For some varieties with a plant height of about 2 meters, irrigation should be carried out 4 to 5 days before flowering, and if the drought is severe, irrigation should be carried out in advance.

Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to ensure the water content, and the rotation irrigation time can be shortened in the drought-affected plots to prolong pollination, promote grain fullness and oil accumulation. At the same time, the amount of irrigation should not be too large to avoid excessive humidity in the field and cause diseases. In addition, the irrigation water in the later stage should be protected from wind and lodging.

Artificial pollination]: Sunflower is a cross-pollinated crop, which mainly relies on insects to pollinate it, so it is necessary to attract bees to pollinate during the flowering period. If there is no bee colony or is affected by the weather, artificial assisted pollination can be used by photographing two adjacent flower discs against each other at 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. every day or dipping the flower discs with a sponge, once every 2 days and 3 days, for a total of 3 times.