What were the special changes in food culture between the Han and Tang dynasties?

Han Dynasty Diet. Chinese cuisine has gone through four or five thousand years of development. It is composed of court cuisine, government cuisine and local cuisine of the past dynasties, and the main body is each local cuisine.

Its superb culinary skills and rich cultural connotation are world-class. Sun Wen once said: "The painting that pleases the eye and the sound of the ear are all art, and the taste of the mouth, why not?"

It's a cook, and it's also an art. It is the art of cooking that is born in civilization, and the races that are not deeply pregnant with civilization will not distinguish the taste of essence, and if the taste is not fine, the cooking technology will not be good. ”

The eating habits of ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty were still very different from those of later generations. Although there was rice, the staple food of the Tang Dynasty was mainly pasta, more specifically, it was mainly cake, and there were dozens of kinds of cakes (at that time, all kinds of steamed buns were also called cakes, and the concept of cakes was larger than that of later generations). In the Tang Dynasty notes** "Because of the Words", it is mentioned that "the world is heavy and the cake is eaten".

All kinds of cakes often appear in various history books, **, and poems, such as steamed cakes, pancakes, hu cakes, soup cakes, and so on.

At that time, meat was mainly mutton (eating beef was a crime to be punished severely, although there was pork but not too much), and mutton had a big smell, so pepper that could remove the smell was extremely high at that time, and it was also very expensive.

The Tang Dynasty did not eat chicken, duck and goose meat. Because in the Tang Dynasty, chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry meat were not counted as meat. There was an interesting fact at the time:

In order to prevent the imperial history from increasing the burden on various places during the inspection, Li Shimin asked the imperial history not to eat meat when he went out on patrol. When Ma Zhou toured various places, he would definitely ask for chickens to eat whenever he went to a place. A local petty official sued the Beijing Division.

Li Shimin's explanation for this is that he only forbade Yushi to eat meat, but he did not prohibit eating chicken, so Ma Zhou did not make a mistake. Fishing and hunting were very popular in the Tang Dynasty, fishing was very common, and there was a very famous dish at that time - "cut fish", which is actually today's sashimi. Hunted prey, such as deer, rabbits, wild boars, and bears, also often appeared on the menus of the Tang people.

Excerpts from Encyclopedia and the food culture of the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty was the most powerful country in the world at that time, with its strong national strength and developed economy. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was also very prosperous or prosperous, and its food culture was also very prosperous. The food culture of the Tang Dynasty has the following characteristics.

The first is the humanization of food culture. The Tang Dynasty's economic exchanges with other countries were very frequent, and the Tang Dynasty, which was strong and powerful, also attracted many Hu people to live. As a foreign culture, the culture of the Hu people also influenced the food culture of the Tang Dynasty at that time, and the more typical culture of the Hu people was "eating meat in large pieces and drinking wine in large bowls".

Even Li Chengqian, who is the crown prince.

are affected. According to the "General Guide to Governance".

The record: "Make an eight-foot copper furnace, six large dings, recruit dead slaves to steal folk horses and cattle, cook them in person, and eat them with the fortunate servants." It is also good for Turkic language.

and their costumes, looking at the left and right Turks, five people for a fall, braided sheep fur and shepherd, made five wolf heads and flags, set up a dome, the prince himself in it, collect sheep and cook the knife to cut the meat. ”

Secondly, the food culture is healthy. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was very inclusive, and various cultures competed with each other, and Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism went hand in hand. But the Lee family at that time.

After the regime claimed to be the coarse Laozi Li Dan, it also vigorously supported Taoism.

Taoism has developed rapidly with the help of imperial power, and Taoism has also promoted the health preservation of food culture in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of medicinal diets and medicinal wines appeared, such as purple rice porridge, ginseng soup, ejiao soup, lotus seed porridge and various meat soups, etc., and medicinal wines such as pepper and onion wine, seaweed wine, rehmannia wine, wolfberry wine, black hemp wine, Cang'er wine, chrysanthemum wine, etc., which shows how much people paid attention to health preservation at that time. Due to the presence of tea polyphenols.

vitamins and a variety of trace elements.

Tea has the effect of refreshing the mind, eliminating food and promoting longevity, and tea drinking became very popular in the Tang Dynasty.

Finally, food culture is artistic. Due to the unprecedented economic prosperity, the people of the Tang Dynasty began to pursue the art of food culture after satisfying the needs of normal life. "Taiping Guangji".

It is described: "The imperial kitchen enters the food, and all the utensils are used by the Shaofu superintendent, and the food is eaten with nine cranks, and the food flavor is filled with nine pieces of crankplate, and it is also called watching the food." "The fact that the food was placed in the tooth tray in order to make it look good shows that people at that time not only valued taste, but also paid attention to ornamentality in eating.

It's a bit like the Hu people's eating style. At that time, people were very fond of eating naan and bread. At that time, people liked to drink tea. At that time, there were a lot of Tuanjitan dishes. At that time, the people of Shakushin were very fond of drinking wine and eating meat. At that time, the diet was very layered.

The characteristics of the Tang Dynasty's drinking and eating culture are that they like to eat sweets very much, pay great attention to spicy food, don't like to eat sour food very much, like to judge some complex foods very much, and pay great attention to the prosperity of food.

It is inclusive, tea drinking was popularized in the Tang Dynasty, and gradually had the art of bridge infiltration, drinking and shouting and answering food are diverse, and the diet is influenced by the Hu people, and Taoism is a popular food culture in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also influenced by Minna Taoism.

In the Tang Dynasty, the hunger socks were mainly based on the roasted tail feast, and the rising ** demolition, the banquet for entertaining relatives and friends was more grand, and the fish and meat were restricted in the diet at that time, mainly vegetarian.

They will eat some vegetables and fruits from the western ethnic minorities, there will be some Western cooking methods, they will eat some shabu shabu, they will eat some barbecue, they will start to use tables and chairs, they are mainly pasta, they have some tea drinking culture, they are very fond of drinking wine when they eat.

During the Northern Dynasties, the northerners, who were fond of dairy products, often laughed at the tea drinking customs of the southerners. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, in the northern cities, "more shops were opened, sencha was sold, and no Taoist customs were asked, and money was thrown into drink." Its tea comes from the river and Huai, and the boats and vehicles come one after another.

where the mountain is located". It can be seen from this that the economic and cultural influence of the south increased in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, the economic development of lead slag was very fast, starting from the Tang Dynasty, everyone would eat around a table, the eating habits before the Tang Dynasty were the habit of sharing food, and the ruler bar used the way of sitting around to eat, which could increase the communication between people and people, which was very convenient.

Because Lao Zheng was particularly open to the social atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty, there were many high tables and chairs in the Tang Dynasty, and many people would eat around a table, and everyone had a main food in their hands, and the other foods would be placed in a simple container on the table.

The food habits of the Tang Dynasty were changed according to the rapid development of the integration of a few tribes, such as Hu Cake, high tables, and large chairs, and Pei Xi no longer sat on the ground.

The food culture of the Tang Dynasty was characterized by "vegetarian steamed voices, small samples of the Sichuan map", and the main thing was the roasted tail feast.