How do you prove that an acid is a strong acid and a base is a strong base?

There are only a few strong bases: koh naoh ba(oh)2 ca(oh)2. The rest are considered weak bases. The common strong acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. Usually those that are not weakly acid are considered to be strong acids. There are eight common types of weak acids.

Generally, the negative logarithm of the ionization constant is < 1 as the standard, and less than 1 is a strong acid. A strong base depends on whether its ionization constant is negative logarithm 13, and greater than 13 is.

A few yuan acid is based on the hydroxyl number in its structure, only the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl group can be ionized, and a few hydroxyl groups are several yuan acid.

Example: Nitric acid ho-no2 is a hydroxyl monobasic acid.

Sulfate ho-SO2-OH two hydroxy-binary acids.

There are several special cases of boric acid Boric acid is not ionized by its own hydroxyl group, but by seizing the hydroxide group in the water to cause the hydrogen ions to release ionization.

H3BO3 + H2O = H* + B(OH)4* so is a monobasic acid.

Phosphorous acid has a structure in which one hydrogen atom is directly linked to the phosphorus atom and the other oxygen atom is linked to the phosphorus atom with a double bond, so it has only two hydroxyl groups which are binary acids (Ho)2-pH=O

These terms relate to the classification of salt, which are explained as follows:

1. Strong acid and strong alkali slow residual salt: Refers to a salt composed of cations and anions in strong acids and bases. These salts are completely dissociated in water, resulting in a solution that is neutral.

Example cavity rollers: sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), etc.

2. Strong acid and weak alkali salt: Refers to a salt composed of cations and anions in strong acids and weak bases. These salts also dissociate in water, but the solution is acidic.

Examples: ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium sulfate (NH4HSO4), etc.

3. Weak acid and strong alkali salt: Refers to a salt composed of cations and anions in weak acids and strong bases. These salts dissociate in water, resulting in an alkaline solution.

Examples: sodium acetate (CH3COONA), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), etc.

4. Weak acid and weak alkali salt: Refers to a salt composed of cations and anions in weak acids and bases. The degree of dissociation of these salts in water is low, and the acidity and alkalinity of the solution depends on the weak acid and the weak nucleus of the weak base.

Examples: sodium biacetate (CH3COOH + NaHCO3), etc.

It is important to note that while these salts affect the acid-base properties of the solution when dissolved in water, they do not necessarily exhibit significant acid-base properties in the solid state.

Strong acids are acids in which all the parts dissolved in water are ionized to form hydrogen ions, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Weak acids are only partially ionized, and some are non-ionized molecules; Similarly, a strong alkali is a base that is completely ionized to form hydroxide ions after being dissolved in water, such as sodium hydroxide, etc., and ammonia is a weak alkali, that is, it is only partially ionized, and the other part exists in the form of ammonia monohydrate.

The identification of acids and bases is generally carried out with acid-base indicators, and acids and bases will have different color development phenomena in acid-base indicators. For example, in litmus, acids will appear red and bases will appear blue. In phenolphthalein, the acid is not colored, and the base is red.

First aid treatment for strong acid and strong alkali poisoningStrong acid and alkali inhalation poisoning immediately transfer the poisoned person to a place with fresh air circulation, and pay attention to the self-protection of the rescuer, such as wearing masks, gloves, boots or foot covers.

**and eye burns caused by strong acid** and eye burns should be immediately and thoroughly rinsed with plenty of water and in the eye for at least 20 minutes. After removing contaminated clothing, rinse with water or 40% sodium bicarbonate to neutralize and apply a wet compress.

After thorough cleaning**, burn wounds can be bandaged with sterile or clean triangular towels, bed sheets, covers, clothing, etc.

After thorough intraocular irrigation, hydrocortisone or chloramphenicol eye ointment or eye drops can be applied to the eyes and bandage both eyes.

Immediately rinse the wound and the inside of the eye with plenty of water for ** and eye burns caused by strong alkali until the soapy substance disappears.

**After the wound is thoroughly irrigated, it can be rinsed with vinegar or 2% acetic acid or wet compress, and then bandaged.

Generally speaking, the pH less than 1 at room temperature is a strong acid, and the pH greater than 12 at room temperature is a strong alkali.

Strong acids mainly refer to permangantic acid, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, selenium acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, chloric acid, of which perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), sulfuric acid, nitric acid are collectively known as the six inorganic strong acids.

Strong base refers to a substance in which all the anions ionized in an aqueous solution are hydroxide ions. Strong bases react with acids to form salts and water. The so-called forcible alkali and weak alkali are relatively speaking, the alkali can be completely ionized when dissolved in water, and it belongs to a strong alkali.

The alkali metal and some alkaline earth metals correspond to a strong alkali metal.

You need to memorize some substances that are often seen, and those are generally the ones that are often tested in exams.

Generally, it involves four strong bases. To determine what is manifest, it is necessary to first determine whether the compound is ionic or not, and then disassemble it. For example, NaCl, which is taken apart, is a Na+ ion, and a Cl- ion, and then composed of acid-base, NaOH and HCL, it is obvious that a strong acid and a strong base are neutral.

Acid-base indicators are generally used for identification, and acids and bases will have different color development phenomena in acid-base indicators. For example, in litmus, acids will appear red and bases will appear blue. In phenolphthalein, the acid is not colored, and the base is red.

If the acid is dissolved in water and can be completely ionized, it is a strong acid. Such as HCL (hydrochloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), HBR (hydrobromic acid), HI (hydroiodic acid), etc.

If the acid is soluble in water and cannot be completely ionized, it is a weak acid. Such as H2S (hydrosulfuric acid), HCN (hydrogen cyanide), HF (hydrofluoric acid), formic acid (HCOOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), carbonic acid (H2CO3), etc.

Strong acids have a strong tendency to give H+, and they are completely ionized in aqueous solution, and the positive ions that can be ionized have and only H+ are strong acids.

Then it depends on whether it is completely ionized in water, if it is completely ionized, it is a strong acid (alkali), incomplete is weak, according to the degree of ionization to judge the strength of the weak acid (alkali), the stronger the ionization, the stronger the acidity (alkali), and vice versa.

Salts are determined by whether the acid or base in which the ions ionized are located is strong or weak. Example: HCl is a strong acid, NaOH is a strong base, H2CO3 is a weak acid, NH3H2O is a weak base, then NaCl is neutral, Na2CO3 is a strong base and weak salt, and NH4Cl is a strong acid and weak alkali salt.

Common: strong acid: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc., the acid ions containing them in the salt are strong salts, weak acids: carbonic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid (medium and strong acids, also considered weak acids), the acid ions containing them in the salt are weak salts, strong bases: KOH, Naoh, BA (OH), etc., the metal cations containing them in the salt are strong alkali salts, weak bases: NH3*H2O, Fe(OH)3, AL(OH)3, Cu(OH)2, etc., the cations containing them in the salt are weak alkali salts，

First of all, it is necessary to be able to think of salt as an acid and a base neutralization: for example, NaCl is generated by NaOH and HCl, Nano3 is produced by NaOH and HNO3, CuCl2 is produced by Cu(OH)2 and HCl, and CH3Coona is generated by NaOH and CH3COOH; The second is to remember which acids are strong acids and which are weak acids: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid are strong acids, acetic acid, carbonic acid, etc. are weak acids; Which of the bases are strong and which are weak:

Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide are strong bases, and the rest of the bases are weak bases. Next, it can be judged: for example, NaCl is a [strong acid and strong alkali salt] generated by NaOH [strong alkali] and HCl [strong acid], Nano3 is a [strong acid and strong alkali salt] generated by NaOH [strong alkali] and HNO3 [strong acid], CuCl2 is a [strong acid and weak alkali salt] generated by Cu(OH)2 [weak alkali] and HCl [strong acid], and CH3Coona is a [strong alkali and weak salt] generated by NaOH [strong alkali] and CH3COOH [weak acid].

It cannot be determined by pH value.

Because when the concentration of strong acids and strong bases is low.

It will also approach 7, and one of the characteristics is in solution.

All are ionized.

There is no phenomenon such as the presence of acetic acid molecules in acetic acid solution.

Acid is composed of acid ions and hydrogen ions, while alkali is composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions, the fundamental difference between strong acid and weak acid is whether acid and base can be completely ionized in water, that is, whether the acid can be completely ionized into acid ions and hydrogen ions, if it can, then this acid is a strong acid, if not, then it is a weak acid. Whether the alkali can be completely ionized into metal ions and hydroxide ions, if it can, then this alkali is a strong base, if not, then it is a weak base.

Observed from the chemical formula:

Common strong acids: HCO4, H2SO4, Hi, HBR, HCl, Hno3 The stronger the non-metallic nature of the main elements in the acid, the stronger the acidity of the corresponding acid.

Common strong bases: Naoh, KOH, BA(OH)2 If this base is precipitated or slightly soluble in water, then this base is a weak base. If this base is soluble in water, then this base is a strong base.