How to develop critical thinking in children?

For example, in a Chinese textbook, it is said that Newton was smashed by an apple, and then you have to ask the teacher who saw Newton smashed by an apple, and then the teacher said, this is what is written in the book, and what is written in the book is right, don't ask so much. In fact, Newton was not smashed in the head by an apple, it was made up by Voltaire.

If you want to cultivate children's critical thinking, then you should know how to constantly instill some ideas in them.

Critical thinking is inseparable from dialectical thinking, allowing children to learn to see things from the opposite side.

First of all, it is necessary to cultivate affirmative thinking, which must be persistence, direction, correctness, providence, and Tao. Only by affirming can we walk on a firm path, and only then can we be critical, and we can also know the way, method and degree of criticism, otherwise we will become people who should also be criticized because of criticism.

It will be helpful for your child to think about things from the perspective of other people when she thinks about things.

A person must have a strong sense of critical thinking, accurately grasp the standards of critical thinking, and constantly improve critical thinking skills, and must also continue to cultivate a critical thinking personality.

1) Independence. Personal judgment is not affected by the external environment, can boldly question, is good at discovering and raising questions, does not blindly believe in authority, does not follow the crowd, and has the ability to think independently and independently. Independence is the primary condition for the cultivation of innovative spirit and innovation ability, and it is also the beginning of critical thinking.

2) Legitimacy. To have the courage to reject unreliable beliefs, to believe that a piece of information and knowledge must have evidence, to support beliefs with true and reliable evidence, and that evidence must be strong in supporting beliefs. (3) Open-mindedness.

Overcome narrow-mindedness, be good at understanding the thoughts of others (such as foreigners or even people with different worldviews and values) on things and problems, make less subjective judgments, and actively share their own ideas with others and fully demonstrate; Be good at thinking about problems from all angles, that is, be good at thinking about all the possibilities of things; Everyone has the right to express their opinions, and we ourselves need to respect the opinions of others.

4) Self-confidence. Believe in your own thinking skills; Believe in your own ability to choose, judge and make decisions. In long-term actions, establish a good position and image of yourself among those around you or your peers.

5) Curiosity. Be good at enriching your life by researching and learning new things, when facing an important decision, try to collect all relevant information, look forward to and have the courage to face challenging things, develop the habit of thinking about problems, learning new knowledge, and strive to solve various problems.

6) Cognitive maturity. I believe that the best argument never comes from momentary feelings, and that personal disagreement is necessarily the truth; The cost of money, time, energy, etc., is not necessarily proportional to the good opinion obtained; Insist on having an open mind and be able to judge the truth from the false; The essence of things and phenomena are not necessarily the same, and we must be able to understand the essence through phenomena.

7) Predictability. Refuse to act blindly and take the initiative to act. Think carefully about the cause of the problem, whether it is a direct, indirect, or root cause.

On this basis, a solution to the problem is proposed. (8) Reflective attitude. We should also deeply reflect on and judge our own views and behaviors, neither lose confidence and lose confidence because of our self-esteem, nor be blindly confident and stubborn, and be ready to adjust and correct our own views and behaviors at any time.

9) Impartiality. Overcome self-centeredness, have an open spirit, refuse to be complacent, be good at listening to others' opinions, and respect others' choices; Learn to empathize and even think from your opponent's point of view to make sure you make fair judgments.

10) Responsibility and sense of mission. Be able to consciously take the initiative to do all the beneficial things and solve social problems.

We must have the courage to question, have our own way of expressing our opinions, have the ability to put forward reasonable suggestions, consider the feelings of others, know how to criticize more easily accepted by others, be more conducive to solving problems, master the skills of criticism, criticism is only for the thing itself, not for the attack and criticism of people, and it is necessary to have a certain degree of constructiveness.

To develop critical thinking, it is necessary to observe and think about a problem or thing from multiple perspectives.

7 Ways to Develop Critical Thinking.

1. Asking questions is the key to critical thinking. Therefore, teachers and parents should create environments and conditions that encourage children to be curious and ask thoughtful and intelligent questions.

2. For young children, cultivating critical thinking can start with simple, fun "little things", put children in an environment where they ask questions, and encourage observation, thinking and questioning.

3. Parents should often give their children tips on things they are interested in in life, take the lead in expressing curiosity and asking questions. While encouraging children to observe, discover, think and ask questions, encourage children to express their own opinions and ideas, and encourage children to boldly doubt the answers given by adults. Adults should pay attention not to give their children their own "right answers" for everything, because there are no right answers to many things in life.

Usually parents should set an example and instill this kind of thinking when communicating with their children, believing that through this kind of cultivation or communication by parents, it should be able to play a certain role.

In our daily life, if a child does something wrong, we can first say that the child did the right thing, and then criticize the child for doing the wrong thing, and tell the child to be brave enough to accept criticism in order to become a stronger person.

First of all, we must inherit the culture of dialogue and criticize the good culture, so that we can make the culture we learn more correct and reasonable.

Then we should educate children when they make mistakes, and cultivate children's thinking skills.

The methods of critical thinking in the Peijian Hall are as follows:

1. Start early. Kindergarten children may not be ready for a formal logic lesson, but they can be taught the reasons for their conclusions, and they can be taught to evaluate the reasons given by others.

2. Avoid pushing dogma. When we tell children to do things a certain way, we should give reasons.

3. Encourage your child to ask questions. Parents and teachers should nurture their children's curiosity. If the reason does not make sense to the child, she should be encouraged to raise objections or difficulties.

4. Ask your child to consider multiple explanations and solutions. It's good to get the right answer. However, there is more than one solution to many problems. Children may become more flexible when they consider multiple solutions.

5. Ask your child to clarify the meaning. Children should practice writing in their own words (while keeping meaning intact), and children should be encouraged to make meaningful distinctions.

6. Talk about bias. Even third-graders can understand how emotions, motivations, and even our desires can affect our judgment.

Exercising critical thinking starts with asking questions. Being able to ask questions and knowing how to ask questions is the initiation of critical thinking. There are also patterns and methods for asking questions, and the 6 question method is a set of very easy to use question patterns.

1. WHO, who said that.

Who is the person who speaks, is it a celebrity, an authoritative expert, an acquaintance, a relative, ......Do his words matter?

2. What, what was said.

What he said, whether he said facts or opinions, facts can be verified, and opinions express emotions and beliefs, which do not need to be confirmed.

3. Where, where did you say it?

When he said this, he said it in **, in public, or in private.

4. When, when did you say it.

Whether it was said beforehand, during the event, or after the fact. Generally speaking, what is said in advance is the most credible, and what is said afterwards is generally to shirk responsibility.

5. Why, why do you say this?

The person who speaks, what is the purpose of saying this, is there any basis for what he is saying, he is trying to glorify or scandalize some people or things.

6. How, what did he say.

When he said it, he was happy, sad, angry, and genuinely ......Whether it is spoken or written.

The Role of Critical Thinking:

1. Critical thinking helps to find problems, we should often use another way to discuss the ways and methods of our own lives, reflect before going to bed, and think about whether our life today is meaningful. Asking good questions, halfway through the experiment, science originates from problems, critical thinking helps to conceive multiple solutions, divergent thinking: brainstorming and Osborne's law.

2. Critical thinking helps to cultivate producers and creators of ideas and knowledge, not just users and consumers of ideas and knowledge, thereby promoting the development and progress of human civilization.

3. Critical thinking helps to cultivate the habit of public reasoning and establish the logic of public discourse, so as to continuously rationalize people and society. It tells us how to be reasonable, how to identify others, and sometimes how we ourselves are unreasonable, and how to refute this unreasonableness.

There are two main ways to develop critical thinking skills:

The first is curriculum training, including specialized critical thinking courses or regular courses that implement the spirit of critical thinking. At present, there are not too many colleges and universities in China that offer specialized critical thinking courses, and more of them are carried out through mathematics and science courses or logic.

The second is self-training, which allows college students to consciously train and improve their critical thinking skills through the use of relevant knowledge and tools in daily life and social practice. This article focuses on the second approach.

First, at the attitude level, choose critical thinking concepts and attitudes. In daily life, the lack of critical thinking and rational skepticism and reflective attitudes are important sources of our unsatisfactory thinking and argumentation.

If you think you're born a fool, or that your sanity has developed to the point where you don't need to improve, you're not going to be a good critical thinker. To cultivate good thinking qualities and improve critical thinking skills, we must start by choosing the concepts and attitudes of critical thinking.

Second, at the level of knowledge, master the principled knowledge of critical thinking. Developing and training critical thinking skills requires mastery of a set of critical criteria for evaluating arguments, including criteria for assessing the appropriateness of the questions asked, the justification of the reasons given, and the strength of the reasoning made.

An accurate understanding of an argument requires a grasp of the logic associated with statements, questions, concepts, and reasoning, and a proper evaluation of an argument requires not only a set of critical criteria for evaluating the quality of an argument, but also knowledge of the fallacies of the argument.

Third, at the practical level, adhere to long-term training and practical application. Generally speaking, the training of any kind of ability is inseparable from long-term training, and critical thinking ability is no exception.