What are the requirements for the technology and management of vegetable cultivation?

Vegetable planting technology refers to the strict standardization in the process of planting management, strict management of external factors, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in accordance with relevant standards, and the scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases.

1. Seed treatment

In the process of vegetable planting, the selection and treatment of seeds are also crucial, which has a great impact on the yield and quality of vegetables. Select high-quality vegetable seeds to ensure that the vegetable seeds themselves have strong resistance to stress, so as to reduce the follow-up planting procedures, so as to avoid a large number of pesticide residues in vegetables and reduce the impact of pesticide residues on the health of the eating population.

Proper treatment of seeds before sowing to ensure the rationality and scientificity of the treatment method, so as to improve the resistance of sowing and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Choose a reasonable seedling site, strengthen pest control, and reduce the impact of pests and diseases on seedling work. In addition, the soil must be treated before sowing to ensure that the soil meets the growth requirements of the seeds, thus ensuring the normal growth of the seeds.

2. The use of fertilizers

Vegetables have a high demand for nutrients, and relying only on nutrients in the soil cannot meet the growth needs of vegetables, and will lead to a lack of necessary guarantees for the quality of vegetables. Therefore, we must pay attention to the application of chemical fertilizers to provide necessary nutrients for vegetables, ensure the normal growth of vegetables, and improve the quality of vegetables. Choose the right fertilizer to ensure the rationality and scientificity of fertilizer selection, and at the same time, pay attention to the collocation of fertilizer, reasonable combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and promote the growth of vegetables.

3. The use of pesticides

Pesticides play an important role in vegetable growth. The rational use of pesticides can increase the yield of vegetables and maximize economic benefits. However, it is worth noting that excessive use of pesticides can cause a large number of pesticide residues on vegetables, threatening the health and safety of consumers.

Therefore, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of pesticides and ensuring the rationality of the amount of pesticides.

In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of pesticide varieties, try to use low-residue pesticides, reduce pesticide residues on the premise of ensuring the effect of pest control, and ensure the safety of vegetables. It is necessary to pay attention to the selection of pesticide use time, grasp the occurrence law of pests and diseases, carry out pest control work as soon as possible, and reduce drug use.

4. Irrigation management

Irrigation management is the key to vegetable management, which has a great impact on vegetable production. When carrying out irrigation management, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and reasonable irrigation plan according to the actual situation, provide stable and reliable water resources for the growth of vegetables, pay attention to water quality management, ensure that the water quality is clean, and avoid the impact on vegetables. Carry out irrigation work according to the characteristics of vegetables, and make appropriate adjustments to irrigation work according to external factors such as soil and climate to ensure that the irrigation work is scientific and reasonable.

It is important to note that the water requirements of the same vegetable can also vary greatly at different stages of growth, so be careful when planting.

Requirements for vegetable planting technology: first, be familiar with the local natural environment; second, to understand the prevention and control methods of common pests and diseases of vegetables; Third, have some experience in planting. Management Requirements:

First, adapt to the local climate and environment; Second, consult some experienced vegetable farmers; Third, learn some agricultural knowledge in a timely manner; Fourth, accumulate certain management experience.

The technical requirements of vegetable planting are to improve the standardization of vegetable planting, learn more advanced knowledge, improve yield, ensure sufficient quality of vegetables, and ensure the taste of vegetables; The requirement of management is to carry out large-scale management, focusing on the management of soil, temperature and humidity.

With a large population, a small area of cultivated land, a large proportion of land resources in rural areas, and uneven distribution of agricultural production land, farmers have realized green management techniques in the direction of vegetable planting.

Vegetable planting technology and management methods.

1. Soil preparation and fertilization.

When planting vegetables, you can use humus soil with rich organic matter content and loose soil as the base soil, which can be deeply turned before planting to improve the air permeability of the soil, and can also expose the soil to the sun to dry to eliminate the bacteria in the soil, and can also mix bottom fertilizer into the soil to improve the fertilizer content of the soil.

2. Provide moisture.

Vegetables in the process of growing the demand for water is larger, in the process of maintenance, can provide water for vegetables every three days, keep the soil moist, in the process of providing water for vegetables, you can directly water the water in the soil, you can also spray water on the leaves, improve air humidity.

3. Supplemental lighting.

Vegetables are suitable for growing in a sunny environment, in daily maintenance, can provide vegetables with all-day sunshine, so that the plant can carry out photosynthesis normally, store enough nutrients for growth, but when the light is too strong, you can shade the vegetables, or replenish water for the vegetables in time after exposure to the sun, to avoid the dry leaves of the plant.

4. Pest control.

In the process of maintaining vegetables, it can also be used to control insect pests. After planting, you can sprinkle quicklime or insecticides on the soil to avoid pests from getting close to vegetables, and you can also regularly spray dimethoate on vegetables to eliminate pests on plants, if you are worried that pesticides are harmful to the human body, you can also spray garlic water on vegetables.

5. Formula fertilization.

Fertilization is the basis for increasing yield, and the nutrients taken away by the high yield of vegetables are also more, so the increase in base fertilizer is an important guarantee, generally 1-20,000 catties per mu, and the base application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer 1-20,000 catties (can be used Yifuyuan biological bacterial fertilizer starter or Yifuyuan manure decaying agent), and can also be matched with fast-acting fertilizers as needed, so as to achieve long-term and fast-acting compatibility.

Vegetables can be said to be the necessities of every household, and the demand is very large, and now the vegetable planting area is also increasing, and good management is also a very considerable income.

1.Vegetable seedling period should pay attention to the maintenance of the root system, the root system is the basis of vegetable growth, the root system is good, the vegetable can grow well, it is recommended to apply the self-nutrient biological bacteria after planting, this kind of fungus fertilizer bacteria metabolites are rich, rich in rooting factors, promote rooting, root protection, eliminate harmful bacteria in the soil and supplement organic nutrition, the root system is robust, good vitality, and can prevent premature root aging in the later stage.

2.Foliar spraying containing organic acid calcium boron foliar fertilizer, for fruiting vegetables, can better promote the completion of flower buds, fruit set, the whole process is used several times, improve quality, prevent fruit cracking effect is very good, in the late stage, appropriate underground flushing vine leaf water-soluble fertilizer, fruiting vegetables, with high potassium suspended carbon liquid water-soluble fertilizer-based, supplement phosphorus and potassium, promote fruit expansion, increase the sweetness of the fruit, other vegetables can be used balanced suspended carbon water-soluble fertilizer, balanced supplement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, maintain the root system, so that the plant grows robustly.

3.In the process of planting, we should also pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, focusing on prevention, if the pests and diseases are serious, you can add organofluorine additives when spraying pesticides, solve the problem of pest resistance, improve the effect of pesticides, and use simple and good effect.

Common vegetables are: spinach, lettuce, lettuce, water spinach, etc.

Spinach cultivation techniques

Seeding time. Spring spinach can be sown when the temperature rises above 5 °C after the beginning of spring, March is the appropriate time for sowing, summer spinach is sown in stages from May to July, autumn spinach is sown from August to September, and overwintering spinach is sown from mid-October to early November. Spinach usually germinates in 2 to 3 days after sowing.

Prepare the land for furrowing. Choose loose and fertile, water and fertilizer retention, and good drainage and irrigation conditions. 4000 kg of rotting organic fertilizer per mu of land preparation, 40 kg of superphosphate, leveling fine, winter and spring should be done high furrow, summer and autumn should be done flat furrow, furrow width to meters.

Sowing seeds and raising seedlings. Spinach plots are generally sown. Summer and autumn sowing is to soak the seeds in water for 12 hours 1 week before sowing, put them in a well or in a refrigerator or refrigerator for about 4 hours for 24 hours, and then promote germination under conditions of 20 to 25, and sow seeds after germination in 3 to 5 days.

Dry or wet seeds can be sown in winter and spring. 3 to kg per mu are sown.

After pouring the bottom water on the furrow surface, sow the seeds, lightly rake the topsoil with a tooth rake, so that the seeds are sown into the soil, and cover the furrow surface with a layer of plant ash.

After sowing in summer and autumn, it should be covered with straw or covered with a small arch to prevent high temperature and heavy rain. Frequently keep the soil warm and moist, 6 to 7 days can be seedlings, winter sowing temperature is low, then cover the furrow with plastic film or shade net insulation to promote the emergence of seedlings, after the emergence of seedlings.

Quiet macro management in the field.

After the autumn spinach has real leaves, it is poured with farmhouse manure water once; After 2 true leaves, combine seedlings, weeding, top dressing first light and then thick, and apply more farm fertilizer and water in the early stage; Top dressing 2 to 3 times during the peak growth period, 5 to 10 kg of urea per mu each time.

The soil remains moist after winter spinach planting. When there are 3 to 4 true leaves, the water should be controlled properly to facilitate overwintering. For 2 to 3 true leaves, the seedling spacing is 3 to 4 cm.

According to the seedling condition and weather, water and fertilizer are applied first, and farmhouse fertilizer and water are the mainstay. Frost and ice and snow weather should be covered with plastic film and shade net to protect the temperature of the branches, which can be covered with small arches. After the beginning of spring, choose a sunny day to apply farm fertilizer and water to prevent early sprouts.

Spring spinach should be covered with plum cover plastic film insulation, can be directly covered on the furrow surface, after the emergence of the film or change to a small arch cover, small arch shed day and night cover, sunny rain cover, so that seedlings see more light, more refining seedlings, and time seedlings. Top fertilization water, in the early stage, the farmhouse fertilizer water is applied lightly and diligently, and in the later stage, especially 15 days before harvest, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.

After the emergence of summer spinach, it is still necessary to cover the shade net, cover the shade in the sun, cover it late and cover it early, so as to facilitate cooling and heat preservation. Watering at the seedling stage should be done in the morning or evening with small water and frequent watering. After 2 to 3 true leaves, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice. Water should be poured after each fertilization application to promote growth.

With the continuous development of the economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for vegetables is increasing year by year, and the quality of vegetables is getting higher and higher. The green vegetables are favored because of their green and harmless, nutritious and healthy characteristics, and the market has broad prospects, therefore, vigorously develop green vegetable cultivation technology, not only to ensure the yield of vegetables, but also to ensure the quality of vegetables.

Soil disinfection should be carried out before planting. Soil disinfection is an efficient and rapid technique that kills fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, soil-borne viruses, subsurface pests, and rodents in the soil. It can solve the problem of multiple cropping of high value-added crops and significantly improve the yield and quality of crops.

Shouguang City, Shandong Province, used high-temperature fumigation shed technology to disinfect the soil during the summer fallow period, which improved the soil quality.

When choosing a site for growing organic vegetables, the land should be of good integrity and there should be no plots of regular production. Between the conventional plot and the same planting base, it is necessary to do a good job of marking settings. In production, it is necessary to standardize the production of organic production, strict operation standards, according to the organic fertilizer production is a part of the organic vegetable planting process that needs to be solved, in the actual organic vegetable planting, which needs to be able to detect soil fertility through the application of appropriate measures, and standardize the use of organic fertilizer.

It is necessary to strictly diagnose the soil, determine the appropriate fertilization technology according to the characteristics of the soil, and build a reasonable and scientific vegetable fertilization system under the condition of rational use of fertilizer.

The use of corn, wheat, rice straw and vegetable residues, such as waste, livestock manure, after crushing treatment and mixed fermentation of microbial agents, to produce green and efficient organic fertilizer for vegetable production, or use the "straw bioreactor" mode in the facility to increase ground temperature, increase carbon dioxide, enhance photosynthesis, inhibit soil secondary salinization, and at the same time realize the recycling of vegetable waste and rural clean production. The content of soil organic matter increased every year, and the physical and chemical properties improved significantly.

Green vegetable cultivation is the use of comprehensive technical measures, prevention first, to create ecological conditions that are conducive to the growth of vegetables and not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases, the scientific selection of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides, so that the pesticide residues in vegetables are lower than the national standard, in the pollution-free cultivation process must take the following five measures.

First, the good seeds: to choose high-quality, high-yield, early-maturing, resistant to diseases and pests of vegetable varieties. <>

Green vegetables. Second, make good pre-broadcast preparations:

1. Before sowing or planting, stubble should be eliminated as soon as possible, tillage should be exterminated, soil should be exposed to the sun, residual roots and branches and leaves should be removed, and the remaining bacterial and insect sources of the soil should be eliminated.

2. Do a good job in seed treatment: choose warm water to soak seeds, that is, soak in warm water at 55 degrees for 40 15 minutes, which can kill the germs attached to the surface of the seeds.

Third, do a good job of cultivation management

1. Adopt new technologies and achievements at home and abroad as much as possible. Such as nutrient bowl seedlings, factory seedlings, tissue culture, grafting, drip irrigation, plastic film mulching, etc. Start by cultivating strong seedlings to increase the disturbance to pests and diseases.

2. Reasonably do a good job of intercropping, according to the different requirements of different vegetable varieties for light, water and fertilizer, high and short three-dimensional planting can be adopted. Three-dimensional planting of different types of vegetable varieties, three-dimensional planting of vegetables and edible fungi.

Green vegetables. 3. Strengthen management, time seedlings and seedlings, pruning and weeding, removing diseased plants, and controlling the spread of diseases and insects. control of cabbage worms, diamondback moths and melon leaf borers; the use of agricultural resistance 120 to control cucumber anthracnose and blight; Use agricultural streptomycin to control bacterial horn spot, Chinese cabbage soft rot, and black rot; Attenuated vaccine can be used to prevent and control cucumber and nightshade virus diseases; Well rheutetramycin can be used to control blight and root rot; ET-107 aphidicide was used to control aphids, and Liuyangmycin was used to control red spiders; The use of EM as base fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and effectively avoid some devastating diseases.

The use of EM soaking has a significant effect on promoting seed germination. If EM spraying fertilizer is used for diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea, it can have a better control effect. There are also new vegetable pesticides nuclear polyhedrosis pathogen killers.

Green vegetables.