How to prevent mildew in the feed of chicken feed?

In today's vigorous development of feed industrialization, any link in the storage of feed and feed processing and transportation may cause mildew, which should be paid enough attention.

The environmental conditions required for mold growth and reproduction.

Temperature: Most of the common molds are mesothermal microorganisms and grow fastest at 22-32. Generally, the mold spores that harm the feed can germinate and grow at 7, and there are different kinds of mold growth below 0 and above 49.

Feed moisture and humidity: the most suitable for the growth and reproduction of mold is 80%-100% of the air relative humidity, feed moisture is 13%-14%, below this moisture, although the mold will grow and stop, but the mold spores still exist, once the humidity is suitable, the mold will multiply rapidly, resulting in feed mildew.

Oxygen: The growth of most aerobic molds is inseparable from oxygen, in the normal feed with a moisture content of 12%, if the feed storage bin has air circulation, metabolic water is generated, and the water content is high, the mold will grow and multiply rapidly.

Energy substances: The supply of nutrients is the material basis for mold metabolism and reproduction, and the crushed feed and cracked grain provide enough energy for the mold and increase the chance of mold.

Preventive measures. Control of production conditions: the production and technical personnel of the enterprise should have certain professional knowledge, production experience, familiar with animal nutrition, product technical standards and production technology, and special types of personnel should be qualified certificates; The layout of the plant is reasonable, and a suitable operation room is required, equipment and raw materials can be reasonably placed, proper ventilation and dust removal, and the shutdown workshop should be cleaned up in time to reduce the pollution of new feed or raw materials by agglomerated or moldy feed.

Feed is packed in plastic woven bags with inner seals to prevent air and moisture from outside.

Control of raw material quality: It is forbidden to use inferior quality, mildew, agglomerated and raw materials contaminated by toxic and harmful substances. Control the raw materials into the factory, moisture content, generally 14% in the north, mold is not easy to multiply.

Management of storage silos: storage silo facilities should be waterproof, moisture-proof, rodent-proof, generally require relative humidity of less than 70%, the moisture content of feed should not exceed, materials are stacked on the ground to put trays, there is a certain spacing between the stacks, the storage period of the compound pellet feed is 1-3 months, the crushed compound is not easy to exceed 10 days, and the concentrated powder material is generally added with antioxidants for 3-4 weeks; Additive premix can be added for up to 3-6 months after the addition of antioxidants. The feed with a long storage period should be properly turned, cooled, and the ventilation and heat dissipation in the warehouse should be strengthened.

Added drugs: Antioxidants and antifungal agents are added to feed products. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or delay feed oxidation, improve feed stability and extend shelf life, mold agents can kill or inhibit mold growth. References:

Pay attention to the storage of feed and avoid storing feed in humid environments. If there are signs of mildew in the feed, the demildew agent should be used appropriately, the composition of the demilcotic agent is usually montmorillonite-based, and the ordinary montmorillonite mildew will also adsorb nutrients at the same time, and the Chinese livestock are fully demolded, without montmorillonite, and can achieve nutritional demildew.

All kinds of feed for chickens, especially peanut cake, corn, soybean cake, cottonnut cake, wheat, barley, etc., contain a variety of molds after mold and deterioration due to moisture and heat, mainly Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin, a metabolite of certain strains of Aspergillus flavus (toxin-producing strains), is toxic to chickens, mainly damaging the liver, and has a strong carcinogenic effect. Chickens can be poisoned if they ingest large amounts of aflatoxin.

Aspergillus poisoning is more common in chicks, and only trace amounts of aflatoxins in the feed can cause acute poisoning. Sick chicks are listless, their feathers are loose, their appetite is reduced, their appetite is increased, and they pass bloody, thin-colored stools. The chicken is emaciated, weakened, anemic, and the comb is pale.

Some develop neurological symptoms, unsteady gait, paralysis of both limbs, and finally death from heart failure. Aflatoxins are found in the feed of young and adult chickens, which generally cause chronic poisoning. Sick chickens lack vitality, loss of appetite, stunted growth and development, delayed production, less egg production, small egg shape, individual chicken liver cancer, extremely emaciated cachexia, and finally die.

Once aflatoxin poisoning occurs, the moldy feed should be stopped immediately, and the care should be strengthened to make it gradual. Acute poisoning chicks fed 5 glucose water, has a weak liver-protecting and detoxification effect.

No.

1. Moldy cornmeal contains a large amount of mold, such as Aspergillus.

2. Chickens eating cornmeal containing harmful substances such as Aspergillus will have adverse effects on the body, and can seriously induce related diseases, such as poisoning. Thus causing economic losses.

Chicks have eaten moldy corn and are not eating it now, which is a symptom of aflatoxin poisoning; Feed often due to poor storage and mildew, feeding ducks and geese often leads to the chicken's liver and kidneys are attacked by mold, thereby destroying the metabolism of VD in the chicken, resulting in chicken weight loss, feed remuneration decrease, poor disease resistance, reduced egg production, and thinning and softening of eggshell quality. First, the disease has a wide epidemic range, rapid transmission speed and high incidence. The course of the disease is 10-14 days for breeders and commercial chickens, 7-10 days for chicks, and up to 20-30 days if the drug is not used properly.

The disease is mainly manifested by increased body temperature, green watery stools, unsteady walking, ataxia or paralysis. Mild respiratory symptoms are present at the beginning of the illness, followed by a sudden drop in feed intake, which can drop to 50% or more in just a few days. As a result, the egg production rate decreases dramatically, and can drop from the peak of egg production to 5%-10% within 4-5 days, which is a serious extinction.

Egg fertilization rates are generally reduced to 10%-20%.

2. Autopsy changes.

For the dissection of sick and dead chickens, the main lesions can be seen ovarian dysplasia, follicular degeneration, deformation, necrosis or liquefaction, follicular membrane congestion and bleeding; some have ovarian edema or tubal wall congestion and hemorrhage; hepatomegaly; The spleen has hemorrhagic spots or mottled marble-like necrotic foci, some of which are extremely enlarged and ruptured; Pancreatic flushing, pancreatic swelling and bleeding or bleeding points or necrotic spots in severe cases; some have bleeding spots in the myocardium or lining of the heart; In a few cases, there are hemorrhagic spots under the skin of the chest or leg muscles; It is often complicated by co-infection with Escherichia coli, necrotizing enteritis, and mycoplasma.

3. Prevention and control measures.

At present, there is no vaccine for the prevention of chicken flavivirus, and the main thing is to strengthen feeding management and focus on prevention.

1. Isolation and disinfection measures should be taken in the sick duck farm. Disinfect the field and recycled egg baskets.

2 Adopting closed feeding can help prevent diseases. Open rearing is the main breeding mode for laying hens and breeders, but in large broiler breeder farms, most of them adopt closed feeding, even if there is infection in the surrounding area, because of the closure and disinfection measures can be taken, the epidemic can be well controlled during the epidemic.

3. At the time of onset, antiviral and antibacterial drugs should be given at the same time as symptomatic ** to control secondary infection. The author often uses antibiotics in combination with Qingwen Jiedu oral liquid and drugs of Escherichia coli, Clostridium weisseri or mycoplasma, which have good efficacy. For the chickens after the first day, some drugs such as egg enhancin or quick supplement can be used, which has a significant effect on the recovery of egg production rate.

The main harmful substance in moldy feed is aflatoxin, which is widely found in soil, animals and plants, and various nuts in nature, such as peanuts, soybeans, corn and grains. It is a strong poison and carcinogen.

First, the mildew feed **.

1. The impact of the rainy season on crops The air humidity in the rainy season is high, and then catch up with the hazy weather, the grain is very easy to mildew. Our friends in the countryside may know that during the wheat harvest season, in time for the rainy day, the wheat has become moldy before it is harvested. It is also common for corn to become moldy before harvesting.

Although it was dried, the mold infection was already there.

2. Storage processIn the rainy and humid season, improper storage of grain is also very prone to mildew. Some of us think that moldy grain can no longer be eaten, so it is simply dried and turned into feed for livestock and poultry.

Second, the hazards of mildew feed.

Moldy feed has a strong harmful effect on poultry, and the grain produces a harmful substance - aflatoxin after mildew. Its chemical structure mainly includes more than 10 kinds of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and so on. Among them, the most toxic is aflatoxin B1, which is a highly toxic and strong carcinogen.

Aflatoxins have both strong acute toxicity and significant chronic toxicity, which is much more toxic than cyanide, arsenide and organic pesticides. Acute poisoning is mainly manifested as liver damage, acute hepatitis, hemorrhagic hepatic necrosis, hepatocyte steatosis, etc. Chronic damage manifests as liver fibrosis, decreased liver function, decreased immunity, and even liver cancer.

Younger animals are more susceptible to aflatoxins.

Hazards of moldy feed:

1. Damage to the digestive system: loss of appetite, dislike of eating, picking up small particles to eat, increased water intake, and diarrhea in the later stage.

2. Damage to the respiratory system: fumatoxin is seriously exceeded, and the clinical symptoms are shortness of breath, opening the mouth to pant for breath, and stretching the head and neck upwards when breathing; Severe necrosis and plaque in the lungs are dissected.

3. Damage to the liver and kidneys: aflatoxins are seriously exceeded. There are yellowish-white mold nodules on the liver.

4. Reproductive disorders: cause a decline in egg production and poor eggshell quality.

5. Disorder nerve and endocrine function: zearalenone can cause sex hormone secretion disorder.

6. Cause immunosuppression: the immune effect of the vaccine cannot achieve the desired effect, so that the immune organs such as bursa, spleen, and thymus atrophy, and it is easy to develop Escherichia coli secondary to influenza and Newcastle disease.

The first is to see, the second is to smell, and it can also be detected. The moldy feed can be produced by Angel Yeast Colis, which has a pretty good adsorption effect and basically does not absorb nutrients. I've always used this.

Seventh brother said that raising rabbits, rabbit disease prevention and **, poisoning problems caused by rabbit mildew feed, how to diagnose and **.

The processed feed should be properly stored to prevent mildew. The main causes of feed mildew are: the feed is not dried, the water content is too large, and the storage time is too long.

The preservation process is damp, especially in the rainy season, the external humidity is too high, and the suitable temperature is suitable for the growth and reproduction of mold. Poor preservation, such as rain leakage, etc.

The purchased feed should be kept dry and exposed to the sun frequently. When adding pharmaceutical additives or other ingredients, it is necessary to feed or add a small amount to keep the specified water content of the feed. Long-term storage of feed should be added with antifungal agents.

Once the feed is moldy, the chickens should be stopped immediately, and the moldy feed is easy to cause aspergillus poisoning and death to the chicks; Feeding fattening chickens is easy to cause fungal pneumonia and other diseases in chickens.