How can n and l be distinguished in Mandarin?

In Mandarin, n and l are two very different sounds. The two sounds have different ways of overcoming the obstacle in the way of pronunciation, n is nasal, l is marginal, so the words "female and brigade", "mud and pear", "male and blue" are never confused. However, in some dialects, most people do not distinguish between n and l, and read it as l, and read "traveler" as "female guest" and "helpless" as "scoundrel".

In order to distinguish n and l, in addition to correcting the pronunciation, it is also necessary to clarify and memorize commonly used words.

Which of the initials are n and which are l. Use Chinese characters to form and sound characters.

The method of appropriate analogy next to the sound is also a good way to distinguish and memorize the N initials and the L initials. In addition, because there are many fewer n initials than l initials, you can also distinguish and memorize n and l initials by remembering less and not remembering more.

Compare and practice reading the following monophonic words: : (nà), 辣(là), 奈(nài), lai(lài)南(nán), 兰(lán)内(nèi), tired(lèi)尼(ní), 梨(lí)年(nián), lian(lián)宁(níng), zero(líng)angry(nù), 路(lù)女(nǚ), lǚ(lǚ)诺(nuò), 落(luò)牛(niú), 刘(liú)儛(nóng), 隆(lóng).

n is nasal and l is a side sound. There are subtle differences in pronunciation, both are pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth, the difference is:

1. Most of the breath comes from the nostrils when N is pronounced, and most of the breath is from the mouth when L is pronounced.

2. When the tip of the tongue leaves the palate slightly outward in the late stage of pronunciation, it is basically perpendicular to the palate when the tip of the tongue leaves the palate in the late stage of pronunciation, and it leaves more quickly.

In nasal sounds, the pronunciation site is in the back, and the tongue is generally invisible, while in the marginal sound, the pronunciation part is forward, the voice is clearer, and the tongue is close to the teeth.

The nasal cavity plays a resonant role when vocalization.

Nasal sound is a part of speech formation, and the degree of nasality is directly related to the quality of speech. The consonants m, n, and ng of speech must be pronounced through the nasal cavity. During pronunciation, the oral airflow path is blocked, the soft palate is drooping, and the sound produced by nasal ventilation occurs.

A type of consonant sound classified by pronunciation method. During pronunciation, the airflow pathway in the mouth is blocked, the soft palate droops, and the airflow passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal sound in general can also be seen as a type of plosive, because the airflow is obstructed when pronounced.

In fact, it is the pronunciation habit, under normal circumstances, it is not easy for southerners to distinguish between n and l, find someone who can distinguish clearly, read more, practice more, and over time, you can distinguish it.

When pronouncing l, use the tip of your tongue to hook it up against the upper hall.

When pronouncing n, please lay your tongue flat, the tip of your tongue against the gums on the inside of your upper teeth, and the middle of your tongue against your upper hall.

I will definitely be able to send it out completely.

You can go and read some n and i tongue twisters.

1. Initials (23).

Including: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, w.

2. Finals (thirty-nine).

Vowels (ten): a, o, e, êi, u, ü, i (front), -i (back), er.

Compound vowels (thirteen): ai, ei, ao, ou, ia, ie, ua, uo, üe, iao, iou, uai, uei.

Nasal rhymes (sixteen): an, ian, uan, üan, en, in, uen, ün, ang, iang, uang, eng, ing, ueng, ong, iong.

Classification of initials

1. Classification according to the pronunciation part (pronunciation part: the part that the articulatory organ hinders during pronunciation).

Bilabial: b, p, m (3).

Lamitodental: f (1).

Apical front sounds: z, c, s (3).

Apical alto: d, t, n, l (4).

Posterior apical sounds: zh, ch, sh, r (4).

Tongue sounds: j, q, x (3).

Tongue root sounds: ɡ, k, h (3).

2. Classification according to pronunciation method (pronunciation method: the way and condition of the larynx, oral cavity and nasal cavity to control airflow during pronunciation), including three aspects:

1) Obstruction method.

Plosives: b, p, d, t, ɡ, k (6).

Psak fricatives: z, c, zh, ch, j, q (6).

Fricatives: f, h, s, sh, r, x (6).

Nasal: m, n (2).

Margin: l (1).

2) Whether the vocal cords are vibrating.

Clean (non-vibrating): b, p, f, d, ......17 pcs.).

Voiced (vibrato): m, n, l, r (4).

3) The strength of the airflow.

Aspirated sounds: P, T, K, C, CH, Q (6).

Unaspirated sounds: b, d, ɡ, z, zh, j (6).

<> Hanyu Pinyin is the official promulgation of the People's Republic of China to the Latinization scheme of Chinese characters, which refers to the use of the letters and spellings specified in the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme to form a standard phonetic of modern Chinese, that is, the phonetic syllables of Putonghua.

From 1955 to 1957, it was researched and formulated by the Hanyu Pinyin Program Committee of the former Chinese Character Reform Committee (now the State Language Commission) during the character reform. This pinyin scheme is mainly used for the annotation of Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese, as a kind of Mandarin phonetic transcription of Chinese characters. The National People's Congress of 11 February 1958 approved the promulgation of the programme.

In 1982, it became the international standard ISO 7098 (Chinese roman alphabet spelling).

Some overseas Chinese areas, such as Singapore, use Hanyu Pinyin in Chinese language teaching.

Hanyu Pinyin is a tool to assist in the pronunciation of Chinese characters.

Article 18 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Language of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme is a unified specification for the spelling of the Roman alphabet of Chinese names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or cannot be used."

The symbols written according to this set of specifications are called Hanyu Pinyin.

Hanyu Pinyin is also an internationally recognized standard for modern Chinese Latin transcription.

The international standard ISO 7098 (Chinese Roman Alphabet) states: "The Hanyu Pinyin scheme, officially adopted by the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (February 11, 1958), is used to spell Chinese.

The writer recorded the pronunciation of the Chinese characters according to their Mandarin pronunciation.

N and L have the same pronunciation site, both the tip of the tongue is against the upper gums, but N is raised on both sides of the tongue in addition to the tip of the tongue, and the upper gums (including molars on both sides, etc.) form an obstruction, and the airflow reaches the oral cavity and nasal cavity at the same time, but cannot pass through the oral cavity, and the diversion flows out of the nasal cavity (pronounced with the nasal cavity), resulting in nasal sound at the tip of the tongue. l only the tip of the tongue is raised, which is obstructed by the upper gums, and the two sides of the tongue are raised to a very small extent, and the airflow can flow out from both sides of the tongue, resulting in side sounds.

The most direct way is to mark it with Chinese characters: for example: l:

n: n and l distinguish n and l in Mandarin are opposite phonemes, very clearly, but in many dialect areas n and l are not separated, for those n and l dialect areas are not separated, it is more difficult to learn, first of all, we must read n and l, and then we need to know which words have n initials and which words have l, which requires a memory process. 1. N and L contrast pronunciation practice:

氓 lài helpless nài buffalo niú 水流liú 男nánpants blue lánpants 旅lǚ客 女nǚ客brainnǎo子 老lǎo子 Lianlián夜 年nián夜 留念niàn 留念liàn 焎羍 隆 羍羍 重南 無部 蓝lán布 Muddy Rotten Pear Lí 牛niú Yellow Sulfur Liú Da Niang Niáng Daliang Liáng

二、读樂n 和l:**nǎlǐ 纳凉nàliáng cheese nǎilào brain power nǎolì 内涝nèilào 能力nénglì来年láinián 老农lǎonóng cold warm lěngnuǎn 流brainliúnǎo 留念liúniàn 江南lǐngnán milk niúnǎi annoyingnǎonù twist pinchniǔniē 能耐néngnài 啠nínán male and female nánnǚresume lǚlì Theory lǐlùn contact liánluò 流露 liúlù 老莎oliàn 拉力 lālì

When n is pronounced, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, the soft palate descends, the nasal passage is opened, and the airflow vibrates the vocal cords and passes through the nasal cavity. Such as: "ability", "muddy" initials.

l When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is against the upper gums, the soft palate rises, blocking the nasal passage, and the airflow vibrates the vocal cords and passes through both sides of the tongue. Such as the initials of "exquisite" and "loud". Since the air flow passes through the nasal cavity during the pronunciation of n, the sound produced has a "nasal sound", 0 and l pay attention to the movement of the tongue during pronunciation, that is, before pronunciation, the tongue is rolled upward, and when pronouncing, the tongue is stretched out and does not have a nasal sound, even if you pinch your nose with your hand, you can pronounce it.

2.The key to distinguishing N from L is to learn to artificially control the rise and fall of the soft palate and tongue. During training, you can use the method of "blocking the nostrils" to distinguish it, that is, if it is difficult to pronounce after pinching the nostrils with two fingers, and the eardrum has a ringing sound, it proves that the nasal sound n is produced; On the contrary, if the proportion of the tip of the tongue is well mastered, it may be L.

3.To overcome the indifference between N and L, the tip of the tongue is tightly pressed against the junction between the upper gums and the hard palate, and the air is forcefully sprayed outward. The force of the tip of the tongue can easily drive the soft palate and small tongue to rise, and once the nasal gate is locked, the airflow and sound waves have to go all the way through the mouth.

For the sake of practice, some people advocate moving the tip of the tongue back a little more when pronouncing the l sound, and even roll it up to the position where it touches the anterior hard palate, while grinning the corners of the mouth wider. It's good to start training with such an exaggerated "wrench", so beginners may want to give it a try.

I heard that it is better to have a small pebble in the mouth to contact the effect.

n (ne; The doorway n) is nasal, the mouth is flattened, the tip of the tongue touches the gums, the airflow is blocked by the small tongue, and it does not go out of the mouth, but out of the nasal cavity;

e.g.: na Nana; NAI is milk-resistant; Nan male difficulty; Nang; nao noisy; Nong Farm Lane; nou rake; Nene; nei internal discouragement; nen tender; Neng Neng; ni you intend to; nian niannian; niang niang; Niao bird urine; nie pinch; nin you; Ning condensation; niu Niu Niu; Nu Slave; nuan warm; nuo nono; nü female; nüe malaria.

l (Le; The small stick l) is a tongue sound, with a flattened mouth with the tip of the tongue touching the gums, and air flowing from the tongue to both sides.

e.g.: la la-la-spicy; Lailai; Lan Lanlan; Lang Lang Wolf; lao lao; locco; Long Longlong; lou floor leakage; Leng strangled; lei tired class; LENG cold flute; Lili Li; Lia Two; Lian Lianlian; liao chatting; lie column inferior; Linen Lin; Ling Ling Another; liu slip six; Lu Lu Lulu; Luan Chaos; lun argument; luo naked; lü 旅绿; lüe slightly swept liang brightness;

You can use the nose pinching method. Pinch the nose to pronounce n and l respectively, the pronunciation is n with resistance, and l is without resistance. Because n is a nasal sound, the air rushes out of the nasal cavity, and l is a side sound, because the air rushes out from both sides of the tongue.

They have the same mouth shape.

But n has a nasal voice.

And l didn't.

n is nasal, while l is a marginal sound. When pronouncing the n sound, the gas is mainly in the nasal cavity, and when you pronounce this sound, you will feel the nose fluttering when you gently press your nose with your hand. And when you pronounce the sound l, the gas comes out on both sides of the tongue, but the tongue moves, and there is no fluttering of the nose at all.

Give it a try.

The pronunciation of the polyphonic initials n and l in Mandarin is actually easy to distinguish, and some people in some provinces in the south use it confusingly. Both initials believe that they can pronounce the words, and when they say n, they hold the tip of their tongue against the upper and lower closed teeth, and then let go. Say the l sound with the tip of the tongue against the gums behind the upper teeth and let go.

However, some people always say that grandma is "come and come", women are aluminum, and farmers are dragons. In fact, the main reason is that I didn't pay attention to my own summary and correction. The key is to figure out which words are initials n and which words are l, and it will be no problem to remember them and practice them.

This kind of pronunciation confusion error is mainly caused by the lack of ideological awareness and lack of attention.