Calf intermuscular vein thrombosis is tested that way

Color Doppler ultrasonography: with high sensitivity and accuracy, it is the preferred method for the diagnosis of DVT, and is suitable for patient screening and monitoring. Prior to ultrasonography, the clinical likelihood of DVT can be classified as high, intermediate, and low according to the characteristic score of the clinical diagnosis of DVT.

If two consecutive ultrasonography tests are negative, the diagnosis can be ruled out for patients with low probability, and imaging tests such as angiography are recommended for patients with high, intermediate, and moderate probability.

Venous thrombosis of the lower limbs is mainly based on color ultrasound examination, and if the patient has symptoms of venous thrombosis of the lower limbs, he should go to the hospital for color ultrasound examination in time. With ultrasound, we can see hypoechoic or mesoechoic filling in the blood vessel where the thrombus is formed, and there is no blood flow signal, and then we can confirm the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. If the patient has swelling of the lower limbs, and it gradually worsens, mainly unilateral limbs, we should think of this possibility, go to the hospital in time, and pass the color ultrasound examination to clarify.

If venous thrombosis is confirmed, the patient should be immediately placed in bed and the affected limb should be immobilized. At the same time, effective anticoagulation** is initiated, with the option of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin or oral rivaroxaban. Anticoagulation** is required for three months, after which the decision to continue the drug should be based on the results of the follow-up examination.

At the same time, the bed should be kept for at least two weeks, after which the blood clot gradually stabilizes and the patient can start to get out of bed.

One month after venous thrombosis, the thrombus has been organized, and the adhesion to the blood vessel wall is tighter, due to the blockage of the thrombosis, resulting in poor local blood circulation of the limbs, and the blood return of the limbs is not smooth, it will form swelling, tenderness, dark redness, and symptoms of superficial varicose veins, and in severe cases, there will be stasis dermatitis and ulcers. Requires active regulation. Old thrombosis can be **, mainly to unclog blood vessels and improve blood circulation in the limbs.

Quit smoking, because smoking can change the viscosity of the blood, and the blood becomes viscous and easy to stagnate.

Lower extremity venous thrombosis is preferred**: immediate standard anticoagulation**. Standard anticoagulation must be started immediately, when it is found**.

Standard anticoagulation generally takes two weeks, and the drug is mainly low-molecular-weight heparin, the main purpose of which is to prevent new blood clots.

In terms of follow-up, specialists need to consider the location of the thrombosis, the severity of the embolism, whether there is a possibility of pulmonary embolism, and the diseases that cause the thrombosis (such as polycythemia, autoimmune diseases, etc.), and then treat the symptoms.

The diagnosis and examination of venous thrombosis of the lower limbs is very important, and if you want to detect venous thrombosis of the lower limbs early, you must pay attention to timely diagnosis, and only through professional examination methods can you get the most accurate diagnosis.

For example: 1. Venography: It is the most accurate examination method, which can make the vein directly visualized, can effectively judge whether there is a thrombus, and can determine the size, location, shape and collateral circulation of the thrombus. Retrograde angiography can also be performed later to understand the function of the venous valves.

2. Ultrasound examination: using the Doppler effect, the probe is placed on the body surface of the larger vein, and the venous blood flow sound can be heard or traced, if there is no blood flow sound in the part, it can indicate venous embolism. With the new imaging camera, the diameter of the vein and the condition of the cavity can be directly observed, and the size of the embolism and its location can be understood.

It can be judged by vascular ultrasonography.

Pathological venous thrombosis is divided into 3 types: white thrombosis, red thrombosis, and mixed thrombosis. White blood clots are mainly composed of fibrin, platelets and white blood cells, and contain only a small number of red blood cells.

Red blood clots are mainly composed of a large number of red blood cells, fibrin, and a small amount of platelets and white blood cells. White and red blood clots often mix together to form mixed blood clots. When venous thrombosis is first formed, it is a white thrombosis, which constitutes a thrombus head, and its secondary derivation of the body and tail is mainly red thrombosis.

Venous thrombosis of the lower limbs will be manifested as swelling and pain in the lower limbs, and the skin temperature will also increase, so it is recommended to go to the vascular surgery department of a regular hospital for further examination, such as venous ultrasound examination.

It can be accurately judged by Doppler B-type color ultrasound examination of the lower limbs.

Under the conditions of venous blood flow retardation, hypercoagulable state of blood DU fluid and vascular intimal damage, the venous lesion of acute non-purulent inflammatory gyrus and secondary thrombosis is developed. The vast majority of venous thrombosis occurs in the deep veins of the pelvis and lower extremities. It is more common in postpartum patients, fractures and trauma, and post-operative patients.

Limb pain, swelling, superficial venous distension, and palpable cords along the vein should be considered. Ultrasound Doppler and radionuclide venography may be helpful. Thrombosis tends to fall off in the early stage, which can cause large pulmonary infarction and is often one of the causes of sudden death.

Therefore, streptokinase or urokinase thrombolysis** should be used in the early stages, followed by anticoagulation with heparin or coumarin** to prevent thrombosis from forming and spreading.

How can I tell if there is venous thrombosis in my lower extremities? The first trick is simple and effective, so let's put it to the test.

Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, also known as deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, is a common condition that refers to the clotting of venous blood in the deep vein blood vessels of the lower extremities. This disease can leave edema of the lower extremities, secondary varicose veins, dermatitis, pigmentation, stagnant ulcers, etc.

1.Bed rest and elevation of the affected limb.

Leg elevation and initial bed rest relieve pain in patients with deep vein thrombosis with acute leg swelling, and the traditional approach of recommending strict bed rest for 1 to 2 weeks to prevent pulmonary embolism has been questioned, and lung scans have shown that bed rest does not reduce the incidence of pulmonary embolism. In addition, early ambulation of the bed resulted in a faster improvement in pain and swelling compared to bed rest.

Wearing compression stockings in patients with deep vein thrombosis may improve pain and swelling with long-term wear, may inhibit thrombus growth and reduce post-thrombotic syndrome.

2.Anticoagulant**.

This is one of the most important modern methods of deep vein thrombosis. Proper use of anticoagulants reduces the rate of pulmonary embolism and the sequelae of deep vein thrombosis. Its function is to prevent the growth of existing blood clots and the formation of new blood clots in other areas, and to promote the rapid recanalization of the thrombotic veins.

In recent years, many new oral anticoagulant drugs, such as rivaroxaban, have been developed due to the complex effects of warfarin related to drugs or foods, large individual dose differences, and the risk of bleeding, which need to be monitored. Rivaroxaban is rarely affected by drugs or foods, generally does not require testing, and is easy to use.

3.Thrombolysis**.

Including systemic thrombolysis and catheter contact thrombolysis, the drugs used are mostly urokinase. Systemic thrombolysis through intravenous systemic thrombolysis: systemic administration through superficial veins, so that the drug is evenly distributed in the body with blood circulation to achieve the purpose of thrombolysis.

Interventional thrombolysis mostly refers to catheter-sparing contact thrombolysis: also known as CDT. The deep vein of the limb is inserted retrograde through the proximal deep venous catheterization, and the physical opening of the vascular lumen is partially relieved by the guidewire and catheter, and then the drug is directly in contact with the thrombus through the placement of the thrombolysis catheter, so that the loose and fresh thrombus in the acute stage is dissolved, and the trunk vein is restored in time.

Some scholars believe that catheter thrombolysis**iliofemoral vein thrombosis improves quality of life compared with anticoagulation alone.

4.Long-term deep vein thrombosis**.

The duration of DVT anticoagulation** remains controversial, and long-term anticoagulation can help reduce the risk of DVT** as well as post-thrombotic syndrome. Anticoagulation is recommended for 3 months for simple causes such as surgery or quiescence and 6 to 12 months for idiopathic deep vein thrombosis. For patients with malignant tumors, low-molecular-weight heparin is administered for 3 to 6 months due to warfarin.

Anticoagulation is recommended for at least 12 months for patients with a first episode of DVT who have anticoagulant antibodies or two or more risk factors for thrombosis, and lifelong anticoagulation** for patients with two histories of DVT**.

Hello patients: Deep vein thrombosis can be clearly diagnosed by symptoms, D-dimer, and color ultrasound, and MRI is not the first choice for deep vein thrombosis. For new-onset deep vein thrombosis, thrombolysis and anticoagulation should be performed as soon as possible within 72 hours of the definitive diagnosis, if more than 72 hours, the thrombolysis effect is average, but anticoagulation is still the basis**.

At present, the commonly used anticoagulation in China is the superimposed application of warfarin and low molecular weight heparin, which is indeed inconvenient due to the attachment injection. New anticoagulants have come out, including the oral anticoagulant drug rifaxaban, which takes effect immediately and is a 10-factor blocker, but it is expensive and the instructions are relatively narrow, although it is a good thing, but it is not suitable for patients who do not trust hospital doctors, hehe. The filter should be corrected:

Right-sided deep vein thrombosis, or left-sided ** fresh thrombosis, has spread to the inferior vena cava, pulmonary embolism has occurred, and anticoagulation is contraindicated in patients. , temporary use during major pelvic or spine surgery. It is recommended to listen to the will of the vascular surgeon in a large hospital and concentrate **, because the first contact with the patient and the face-to-face consultation here, the opinion may be biased, please be cautious.

There are several ways to treat venous thrombosis:

First, in patients with early lower extremity venous thrombosis and no comorbidities, we suggest direct use of a newer oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban or low-molecular-weight heparin combined with vitamin K, and discontinuation of low-molecular-weight heparin after 24 hours of INR achievement and stabilization. For patients with early-stage lower extremity venous thrombosis and tumors, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin is recommended, and vitamin K antagonists or newer oral anticoagulants may also be used.

Second, thrombolysis**, but it is generally recommended to implant a filter before thrombolysis to avoid embolism due to thrombolytic drugs causing the thrombus to fall off.

Third, surgical thrombectomy is an effective way to remove blood clots.

Fourth, mechanical thrombectomy, also known as percutaneous mechanized thrombectomy, mainly uses the principle of rotational vortex or hydrodynamic force to break and aspirate thrombus, so as to achieve the effect of removing and reducing thrombus load.

Question: What should patients with intracerebral hemorrhage pay attention to, what?

What is not suitable for thrombolysis?

Routine: Maintain a regular diet, routine and rest.

Active**: Take medication as prescribed by the doctor and actively control high blood pressure; Family members should encourage and urge patients to take medication in case of **.

Safe environment: The living environment should be ventilated, light and quiet, and the ground should not be too slippery.

Optimism: Don't live alone, pay attention to keep a cheerful and optimistic mood, and avoid getting too emotional.

Moderate exercise: Stick to low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.

Eat a healthy diet: Eat less greasy foods; Eat more high-fiber foods, such as spinach, greens and other vegetables; Eat more nutritious foods, such as eggs, milk, and fish; Drink plenty of water and eat plenty of fruits such as bananas and oranges. Quit smoking and drinking.

**Training: Strengthen physical or verbal training. If the patient is able to take care of himself or partially in his or her daily life, attention should be paid to preventing falls and avoiding re-injury.

At the same time, appropriate functional training, such as walking, using a grip device, etc., is required. For patients who are unable to speak or have difficulty speaking, family members should encourage the patient to gradually practice language function, from articulating a word to a sentence, to engaging in simple communication, or to practicing reading the newspaper aloud. Language functions can often be reshaped after being systematically trained.

Prevention of complications: Patients who have been bedridden for a long time should pay attention to the prevention of related complications, such as lung infection, bedsores, muscle atrophy, etc., family members can use palms to pat the back to help patients discharge sputum, help patients turn over frequently, scrub the body regularly, massage the muscles of the limbs, etc. Turn the patient's head to one side after a meal to avoid vomiting and food aspiration into the lungs.

Dear, take medication to control it.

Ask what medication to take.

Is there any other way than medicine?

Is there anything else that should be paid attention to?

There are two types of venous thrombosis: one is thrombophlebitis, which refers to inflammation as the first and thrombosis as secondary. The other is venous thrombosis, which refers to the fact that thrombosis is the first phenomenon, and the inflammatory process of the venous wall is secondary.

However, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities is most common. The elderly not only have a high incidence rate, but also are prone to fatal pulmonary embolism, which deserves attention. Requires vascular surgery visits.

Generally, an intravenous catheter is used to remove the thrombus, and the symptoms can be relieved, which is a minimally invasive surgery. Conservative** generally open blood vessels, improve circulation, etc.**, but the effect is not good.

The three major factors of deep vein thrombosis: slow venous blood flow, venous wall damage and blood hypercoagulability, are still recognized by scholars from all over the world. However, any single factor of the above three factors is often not enough to cause the disease, and it is often a combination of two or three factors that causes deep vein thrombosis.

Slow blood flow is the primary factor.

Thrombosis is mainly divided into three steps: first, we need to anticoagulate to prevent new thrombosis, second, thrombolysis**, third, establish collateral circulation, and of course anticoagulation** and thrombolysis are very important.

You have to go to the hospital to see how to deal with it in time. In this case, you can consider giving anticoagulant, nerve-nourishing, analgesic and other drugs**, do not smoke and drink, avoid exertion, do not overeat, do not eat high-fat, greasy food, severe may require surgery.