Problems and development policies in the optimization of China s industrial structure

(1) Industrial development is in a critical period from quantitative expansion to quality improvement. The gap between China's industry and developed countries, with the exception of a few industries, is not mainly in production capacity and output. Improving the level of production technology and labor productivity, enriching the variety and structure of products, and reducing the material consumption per unit of product have become the key to improving international competitiveness.

This puts forward new requirements for industrial development. (2) The industrial structure is in a critical period of adapting to changes in demand and solving the problem of relative overproduction. At present, the production capacity of most of China's products has exceeded the market demand, and there is a relative surplus.

Avoid excessive competition, optimize the allocation of resources, adapt to people's multi-variety and multi-level needs, provide high-quality products and high-level services, and carry out structural adjustment and optimization in a timely manner.

Further information: Although favorable policies are frequent, the current situation of China's manufacturing industry is not optimistic. Dr. Wang Xiwen, director of the Institute of E-commerce of the Center for International Economic and Technical Cooperation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has worked in the field of industry and information technology for more than 10 years

Although China is already a big manufacturing country, the manufacturing industry is "big but not strong", and there is still a large gap with the manufacturing power, there are many problems, some of which are fundamental, and the most important ones are three major problems

First, the industrial structure is unreasonable. From the perspective of production, the irrationality of the industrial structure of China's manufacturing industry is manifested in structural and regional overproduction at a low level, and it is also manifested in the high consumption and high cost of enterprise production. Specifically, many important industries are highly dependent on foreign technology, have weak independent development capabilities, and are difficult to adapt to fierce international competition.

Second, the added value of the product is not high. For a long time, most Chinese enterprises have adopted OEM production methods, which are at the middle and low end of the global value chain, and mainly rely on imports for product design, key components and process equipment.

Third, the energy consumption is large, and the pollution is serious. At present, China's chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ammonia nitrogen, etc., and carbon dioxide emissions rank first in the world.

1) The development of the industry is in a critical period from the expansion of quantity to the improvement of quality. The gap between China's industry and the developed countries, with the exception of a few industries, is not mainly in terms of production capacity and output. Improving the level of production technology and labor productivity, enriching the variety and structure of products, and reducing the material consumption per unit of product have become the key to improving international competitiveness.

This puts forward new requirements for industrial development. (2) The industrial structure is in a critical period to adapt to the changes in demand and solve the problem of relative overproduction. At present, the production capacity of most products in China has exceeded the market demand and there is a relative surplus.

The trend of avoiding excessive competition, optimizing the allocation of resources, adapting to the needs of the people at multiple varieties and levels, and providing high-quality products and high-level services requires timely adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure. (3) The industrial structure is in a critical period of upgrading. From the perspective of the actual operation of domestic industries, the contradiction of structural shortages has been basically eliminated, and the current focus should be on raising the level of industrial development, vigorously developing high-tech industries while transforming and upgrading traditional industries, and making the industrial structure enter new fields of high-tech, high-processing, and high-value-added [1].

4) Industrial development and structural adjustment are in a critical period of participating in international competition. China's accession to the WTO has spread the international competition faced by China's industries to the domestic market. Under the situation that the competitiveness of emerging industries has not yet been formed and the comparative advantages brought about by the traditional international division of labor are weakening day by day, the optimization of the industrial structure is not only related to the international competitiveness of products and enterprises, but also related to the security of national industries and even national economic development.

For example, our industrial structure is low, scattered, lack of scientific layout, and many industries are repetitively constructed, resulting in overcapacity, less high-end industrial layout, and fewer forward-looking layouts. Therefore, the adjustment of China's industrial structure is imminent. The task of de-capacity and de-inventory is not easy, and this must be controlled.

The upgrading of China's industrial structure is not optimistic, which is reflected in what aspects1Agricultural modernization has a long way to goThe real estate and financial sectors need to be stable3The scientific and technological innovation system needs to be reformed and improved.

With high-tech as the guide, basic industries and manufacturing industries as the support, and the new industrial pattern of comprehensive development of the service industry" to optimize China's industrial structure. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and form a high-tech as the guide, basic industries and manufacturing industries as the support, and the service industry has developed in an all-round way."

Industrial pattern. ”

It is necessary to strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation, promote the restructuring of agriculture and the rural economy, protect and enhance the overall production capacity of grain, improve the quality and safety system of agricultural products, and enhance the market competitiveness of agriculture. ”

The central region should intensify structural adjustment, promote the industrialization of agriculture, transform traditional industries, cultivate new economic growth points, and speed up the process of industrialization and urbanization. The eastern region should speed up the upgrading of its industrial structure, develop modern agriculture, develop high-tech industries and high-value-added processing and manufacturing industries, and further develop an export-oriented economy. ”