What are the 6 steps to pre study ancient poems?

Some students are asking about the preview of ancient poems, and they can't help but want to talk about their own experience. As a literature teacher, I also like to read ancient poems. When you get an ancient poem, of course, you don't read it blindly.

I recommend following the following ideas to prepare, and get twice the result with half the effort. To make it more intuitive, I'll give you an example:

Moonlit Night" Du Fu.

Tang Dynasty) tonight in the month of Juzhou, the boudoir only looks alone. Pity the little children, and do not understand the memory of Chang'an.

The fragrant mist is wet, and the clear jade arm is cold. When to lean on the false pretense, the tears of the double shine are dry.

Step 1: Consult the literature and know the world.

The so-called knowledge of people and the world: is to understand the writer and the writer's life thoughts, understand the background of the times, and of course, the most important thing is the time in which the work is located.

1.The author of this poem is Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, whose style is depressed and frustrated, and his basic life experience can be known by consulting the literature.

2.The background of the creation of this poem was in the Anshi Rebellion.

During the outbreak period, the whole country was in turmoil, and Du Fu was no longer trapped in Chang'an at that time. Instead, he went deep into the people and saw the sufferings of the people and the shortcomings of the country under the chaos of war. This poem was written by Du Fu Mochizuki during the war, thinking of his family.

3.The literature is roughly as follows: In the spring of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan.

Attack Tongguan from Luoyang.

In May, Du Fu was the first to be enshrined.

He moved to his uncle in Baishui (present-day Baishui County, Shaanxi), north of Tongguan. In June, Chang'an fell, Xuanzong fled to Shu, the rebels entered Baishui, and Du Fu fled with his family to Qiang Village, Juzhou. In July, Suzong.

After ascending the throne in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia), Du Fu learned that he ran to Lingwu alone from Juzhou, but was captured by the Anshi rebels on the way and escorted back to Chang'an. In August, the author was forbidden to write this poem because he was homesick for Mochizuki.

Step 2: Read through the general idea and categorize it reasonably.

1.The gist of the poem: Now you can consult the literature to understand, so I will not repeat it.

2.Reasonable classification: refers to the type of poems, which the teacher will tell the students, such as:

Landscape idyll? Poetry? Philosophical poetry?

And the form of poetry is five words? Metrical? Slow words?

Wait a minute. Different types of poetry will have different emphases when appreciating. To put it simply, for example, nostalgic poetry, most of which borrow from the past to satirize the present; Landscape poetry either expresses praise, or is tired of officialdom, or penetrates hidden thoughts (usually read more and classify more, it is very clear).

Du Fu's poem is a poem of expression. Emotionally, it is a poem about missing his family on a moonlit night.

Step 3: Catch the eye of the poem.

The poetic eye of Du Fu's poem is obviously "looking alone". Why do you look alone on a moonlit night? What are you looking at? You can think about it around the eyes of poetry.

Step 4: Master Imagery – Analytical Techniques.

The most typical image in Du Fu's poem is the "moon": a symbol of group members and longing; It is also a symbol of the chaos of the family and the country. You can.

Six Steps to Teaching Poetry.

At present, the teaching of ancient poetry focuses on four aspects. Clause.

1. Creative background; Clause.

2. Analysis and understanding; Clause.

3. Appreciation and experience; Clause.

4. Read aloud and memorize. These four major aspects fully reflect the main content of ancient poetry teaching. In the study of exploring effective ancient poetry classroom teaching, it can be carried out in six steps:

One. Exciting tutorials and unveiling topics.

The method of teaching ancient poetry is similar to that of reading teaching, that is, indirect and direct teaching. Indirect guidance is to create a certain teaching situation, put forward the topics to be learned, and write the topics.

There are many ways to introduce indirectly, such as: story introduction method, question introduction method, preview introduction method, etc., no matter which import method is related to the teaching content, it is a kind of foreshadowing and foil for the teaching content.

Two. Introduce the background and know the poet.

The background of the creation of ancient poems includes the background of the times, the circumstances and mentality of the poet who created the poem, etc. The profound historical and cultural background of ancient poetry is a good material for traditional culture education and a typical embodiment of the humanistic nature of language. Teachers can cultivate students' ability to collect and process information by asking students to understand the poets and their creative backgrounds by querying materials before class.

The new curriculum standards also state that "all aspects of language teaching should be used to consciously cultivate students' listening and speaking skills, and a variety of communicative situations should be created inside and outside the classroom, so that each student can communicate orally without constraints." Therefore, handling this part of the teaching content well can not only increase historical knowledge, but also make teaching more interesting.

Three. Self-directed learning, poetic and poetic.

The Chinese Curriculum Standards take "actively advocating independent, cooperative and first-class learning methods" as one of the four major concepts of the Chinese curriculum. Teachers should adopt flexible and diverse teaching strategies to achieve "release" and "support" organically.

First of all, you should read ancient poems, read the description of the content of the unit, the reading prompts or self-reading prompts at the front of the text, read the text textbook, read the notes of the text, and read the "discussion and practice" after class. According to the requirements of the Chinese Curriculum Standards, students should read through the textbook before learning to understand the structure of the textbook and the internal relationship of knowledge.

The second is to consult reference books, clear reading and translation barriers, and pass the word barrier. In ancient poems, there are more or less words that students don't know, words that can't be explained, and sentences that are difficult to understand. Then, when reading the text, you should use your eyes, brain, and hands at the same time, and use your pen to draw out these problems encountered during the preview.

If there are annotations in the book on these questions, then you can refer to the annotations as you read them and understand the meaning of them yourself. If there is no annotation in the book, then you should use the reference book to check the dictionary, especially don't let go of those vague words, poems that seem to be understood or not. In the end, the ancient verses were roughly translated.

Finally, learn to think. Consider the background reasons why the author of the ancient poem wrote this poem and the feelings he wanted to express.

1. Content: beautiful imagination, seeing the extraordinary in the ordinary;

2. Ideologically: write touching affection. That is, to add personal emotions and experiences;

3. Format: To open the marginal branches, you can branch according to the sentence, or you can branch according to the content.

The format of the poem is also a matter that must be paid attention to, in addition to being written in line by content or by sentence, especially in the organization of language. It is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the use of rhetoric; One is to break the conventional combination.

The flexible use of various figures of speech can enhance the vitality of the poem, and boldly breaking the conventional combination (i.e., not collocation according to grammatical requirements) can achieve unexpected results, but not too much.

Rhetoric is an important technique in poetry. Including personification, metaphor, comparison, questioning, repetition, thimble, duality, exaggeration, symbolism, etc. It can be said that each expression has its own unique features.

The use of ratio can be more vivid and vividly express the content of the poem. The use of Xing can allow readers to experience the artistic conception of the poem from the beginning, making the poem more affectionate and charming; The use of exaggeration, symbolism, synaesthesia and other techniques can inject fresher blood into the poem, make the poem more imaginative and affinity, and will not make people feel that the meaning is ambiguous and obscure, so that the reader can truly understand the thoughts and feelings that the author wants to express.

Symbolism, on the other hand, is the use of concrete things to express a special meaning, which is the most commonly used technique in poetry. For example, Bingxin's "Paper Boat" symbolizes the longing for his mother, and Feng Zhi's "I Am a Little River" symbolizes the pursuit of love. We also like to use symbols, such as "plum blossoms" to symbolize perseverance, and "candles" to symbolize silent dedication.

In Wang Jiaxin's "On the Other Side of the Mountain", "sea" and "mountain" are used to symbolize "ideals" and "difficulties and setbacks encountered in the pursuit of ideals". Do you know the common symbolic meanings of the following types of objects? The sun, bees, flies, mosquitoes, snowflakes?

1. Browse "Reading Tips".

Pay attention to extracting the information in the Reading Prompts. The new junior high school Chinese textbook of the People's Education Edition has many innovations in structure, style and form, among which a short reading prompt is designed before the main text of each lesson, which can be described as ingenious and one of the highlights of these innovations. "Reading prompts" are not used much, mostly.

Three or five sentences, but each paragraph is cleverly designed and carefully arranged by the editor according to the specific content of a lesson. Or create a situation, or outline clues, or use questions to point out the key points of the whole lesson, or ask questions to trigger**. The design of the "Reading Tips" column before class shortens the distance between students and the textbook, making the textbook vivid and interesting.

Before learning ancient poems, teachers should ask students to read this column carefully and accurately extract the useful information in the reading prompts. For example, in the introduction to the poem "Night Rain Sending North" in the first volume of the seventh grade, after reading it, you can know that the theme of this poem is to tell about divorce; After reading the reading tips of Yan Shu's poem "Huanxi Sha", you can know that this poem is a work of sadness and spring; After reading the reading tips of the poem "Title Poshan Temple Houzen Temple", you can understand the general meaning of the poem, which provides a strong guarantee for the understanding of the poem.

2. Understand the "essay title".

Pay attention to speculating, predicting, and understanding the gist of ancient poems from the title. The title is the eye of the article. Some titles directly point out the center and content of the poem, some reveal the clues of the work, and some set the emotional tone of the author.

For example, Zhao Yi's "On Poetry", from the title of the text, it is clear at a glance that this poem is about poetry; Zhang Yanghao's "Tong Caring for the Ancients" is a poem by the author that uses the history of Tongguan as a clue to nostalgic for the past and hurt the present; Cao Cao's poem "Turtle Although Shou", a word "although" in the title, can be known without looking at the content, which has set the emotional tone of sentimentality that time is fleeting and life cannot always be there.

3. Understand the "environment".

Including the writer's living environment and psychological environment. Pay attention to understanding the writer's mental journey, that is, the psychological environment and experience formed over a long period of time. Understand the living environment at that time, i.e., the current situation, the background.

The author and background knowledge are important for students to know. These are the basis for students to understand ancient poetry and the entry point for learning ancient poetry. Without this material, students cannot understand how the author felt when he wrote.

Understanding the poet's living environment, life experience and background information can deeply understand the thoughts and emotions that the author wants to express, which is helpful for students' understanding of ancient poems. The creation of ancient poems is actually the expression of the poet's experience, feelings, thoughts and emotions, and each poem is full of the author's feelings about life and society. When studying Li Yu's "Seeing Huan", let the students understand Li Yu's experience, so that the students' feelings with the author can reach resonance, the study of ancient poems, should guide the students to consult the author's experience, if we do not understand Li Qingzhao's life experience after the southern crossing, we can not understand the "many sorrows" of the lyricist in "Wuling Chun".

Understanding the historical background of the Anshi Rebellion at the end of the Tang Dynasty is helpful to understand the sorrow of the people reflected in "The Stone Entrenchment".

Fourth, read and understand".

Learning ancient poems requires strengthening students' subjective initiative, and if students take the initiative to preview before the ancient poetry class, then the learning effect is better.

I said earlier that I can understand the meaning, know the general idea, and understand the meaning of each word.

1. Familiarize yourself with the recitation.

In the teaching of ancient poetry, we must first teach students to read the text aloud.

Their own appreciation of taste and aesthetic taste. The ancients also had classic summaries and interpretations of "reading" - "read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will be seen by itself", "the article is not tired of reading a hundred times, and you know yourself by reading the essence of your thoughts", "reading more than 10,000 volumes, and writing like a god", "familiar with 300 Tang poems, you can chant if you can't compose poems" and so on. It can be seen that recitation is the key to improving the effectiveness of ancient poetry teaching, and reading more, reading aloud, reading in a low voice, and reading without seeking to understand, in the overall perception of reading, in reading to have a feeling, in reading by emotional edification.

If you read too much, you will naturally recite. For example, learning Su Shi's "Title West Forest Wall": "Looking horizontally, the ridge and the side are peaks, and the distance and height are different.

2. Imagine the Entry Act.

It is an effective learning method to give full play to the cognitive advantages of primary school students and transform jerky ancient poems into vivid pictures. Many elementary school students memorize poems quickly and catchily, but they don't know what they mean. On the one hand, painting also cultivates his imagination and hands-on ability, which is conducive to the improvement of the comprehensive quality of primary school students.

As a teacher, how to transform ancient poems into pictures is very important for primary school students to improve their comprehension ability, stimulate their memory, and cultivate their interest. The process of reciting is regarded as a process of appreciation, imagining the picture while reading, and integrating yourself into the artistic conception of the poem. For example, study "Compassion for Nong" (1):

In the afternoon of hoeing day, sweat drops into the soil. Who knows that Chinese food is hard work. "You can read and think at the same time, and imagine the hard work of the peasants.

3. Contact expansion method.

The jasper is made into a tree high, and ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down. I don't know who cut out the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. Students can read other famous poems related to "Yongliu", such as Du Mu's "Willow Quatrain":

Several trees are newly opened, and the green shadows are all together, and they are fascinated by spring by the style. According to the old country Fan Chuan hates, half covering the village bridge and half covering the stream. "Luo Yin's "Willow":

Ba'an Qing came to say goodbye frequently, and they leaned on each other for a long time.

The background in which the article was written. When teaching ancient poems, teachers should accurately supplement the age of the author's work and the historical situation at that time, as well as the historical allusions contained in the poems. Of course, this background information can also be left to the students to look up the information to solve the problem.

Fourth, understand the key words and clarify the main idea of the sentence.