The relationship between policy efficiency and policy effectiveness in policy evaluation methods

Policy effect evaluation includes value evaluation, feasibility evaluation, effect evaluation, risk assessment, etc.

According to the requirements of the client, on the basis of the feasibility study and in accordance with certain objectives, another consulting unit will analyze and judge the reliability of the investment project, weigh the disadvantages of various schemes, and put forward a clear assessment conclusion to the owner. Feasibility study is a comprehensive science that uses a variety of scientific methods (including technical science, sociology, economics and systems engineering) to conduct technical and economic arguments on the necessity, feasibility and rationality of an engineering project.

1. Policy evaluation refers to the activities in which the evaluation subject examines all stages and links of the public policy process according to certain evaluation criteria and through relevant evaluation procedures, and tests and evaluates the policy output and policy impact to judge the degree to which the policy results achieve the policy objectives.

2. Each policy is designed to address a specific policy issue and target group. Therefore, these issues and groups are the first objects to be considered in the assessment. In other words, we must first clarify which target groups are the target groups of the policy and what are the intended goals of the policy.

Further, policies can produce desired or unintended results. The impact of the policy may go beyond the intended policy issues and target groups.

3. Value level: use specific value standards to judge the influence of policies, for example, fairness. However, the definition of these value standards may vary from one stakeholder to another.

At present, there are three main ways of public policy evaluation in China:

1. The general policy and basic policy of the Party shall be based on informal evaluation;

2. General public policy;

3. The policy implements the evaluation method of internal drawbacks.

Expansion: In addition, independent third-party appraisal as a new appraisal method has also begun to emerge and develop in China Leasing Changguo. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these evaluation methods, and points out that it is necessary to seek rational evaluation methods, vigorously develop evaluation intermediary organizations, and gradually make intermediary organization evaluation the leading force in China's policy evaluation, and promote the scientific evaluation of China's policies.

1) Test method. This is the research method that best reflects the causal relationship, including the standard experimental method, the quasi-experimental method, the single-case baseline measurement method, and the (2) period group survey method. This refers to the follow-up survey of the same group of people who have been given social policies, and the extent to which their personal living conditions have changed, so as to determine the actual impact of a particular social policy.

3) Cross-sectional survey method. It refers to the sampling survey of the service users of a certain social policy after the implementation of the policy, so as to determine the correlation between several variables. (4) Case study method.

This method is generally based on the logical model of a certain policy or service plan, through purposeful sampling of samples, semi-structured interviews and observations of a certain subject, to obtain information on the shortage of resources, and then analyze the data to make a judgment on the entire policy or program. (5) Investigation method of ethnic Fuchun Ants. This method emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of information in a specific situation through open, participatory observation and interviews, emphasizes the cooperative interaction and reflective dialogue between the researcher and the researchee, pays attention to the intuitive and subjective understanding of the research process, and refines the main pants mountain questions through continuous comparison and dialogue, forms concepts, generates interactive patterns, and solves relevant background meanings.

Answer]: a, c, d, e

Answer] The methods of policy evaluation include qualitative research, quantitative research, integrated research, case evaluation, institutional analysis, and comparative analysis.

Public policy evaluation refers to the activities in which the evaluation subject examines all stages and links of the public policy process through relevant evaluation procedures according to certain evaluation criteria, and tests and evaluates the policy output and policy impact, so as to judge the degree to which the policy results achieve the policy goal.

Policy evaluation is the use of scientific methods and techniques, based on certain value standards and factual standards, through certain procedures and steps, to analyze the value factors and factual factors in the implementation of policies, with the purpose of using these policy-related information to make a basic judgment on the future trend of the policy. Thus adjusting, amending and formulating new policies. The role of policy evaluation is reflected in the following points:

Policy evaluation is an important tool to provide reliable and effective information on the operation of policies. The information on the operation of the policy can only be reduced by scientific means, and it is based on the perspective of facts. In providing Huchai policymakers with as effective information as possible.

Policy evaluation is a necessary way to test policy results. Policy evaluation is to test the effect of policy implementation and effectively analyze the process.

Policy evaluation is a basic prerequisite for the reallocation of policy resources. Only by having a clear understanding of the actual situation of resource allocation can we gradually adjust the distribution of resources and allocate resources for better proportion.

Policy evaluation is an effective strategy for building good public relations. The stability of public relations depends on whether the policy is adapted to the development of the time, and the evaluation is to investigate the real situation of the policy implementation.

The public policy process is a dynamic process with many uncertain factors, and the evaluation and monitoring of the public policy process is an essential process. The significance of this is:

1. Policy evaluation is the basic means of favoring policy performance.

2. Policy evaluation is an important basis for the adjustment, amendment, continuation and termination of policies.

3. The evaluation of government instructions and policies is conducive to the allocation of policy resources.

4. Policy evaluation is a necessary way to make the policy process scientific and democratic.

1. Misunderstandings in policy evaluation.

1) Subjective misunderstandings.

Policy evaluators, for all possible undesirable motives, consciously exaggerate or minimize, obscure or misrepresent certain facts in the assessment, or obfuscate certain principles of right and wrong in the assessment, in order to achieve a particular purpose.

1) substitution of appearances for facts; (2) replacing research with form; (3) Politics instead of science.

2) Objective misunderstandings.

Although the subjective motivation of the policy evaluation subject is legitimate, the evaluation method is also reasonable. However, due to the limitations of objective assessment conditions, the process and results of the assessment do not necessarily reflect the objective truth, or cannot accurately reflect the objective truth, or cannot fully reflect the objective facts.

Obstacles to policy evaluation.

a) Obstacles from public policy itself.

1.uncertainty of policy objectives ; 2.uncertainty about the effectiveness of policies; 3.Uncertainty of causality.

and ii) barriers from policymakers and implementers.

1.Misunderstanding 2: Obstruction in action.

iii) Obstacles from the evaluator.

There are two main aspects, one is that the evaluator cannot go beyond the private and affect the formal evaluation, and the other is that the quality and ability of the evaluator are insufficient.

iv) Obstacles from the assessment conditions.

1.insufficient information; 2.Insufficient funding.

v) Other obstacles.

1.Policy costs and benefits are not easy to calculate; 2.The results of policy evaluations are useless.

The factors are:1whether the definition of policy objectives is clear and precise; 2.

Evaluate whether the process procedures are standard and standardized; 3.Assess whether the basic information and data are reliable and sufficient; 4.Evaluate whether the method is scientific and effective (e.g

If necessary, whether the sensitivity analysis, risk assessment analysis, etc. are supplemented).