Substances are either ionic or covalent

The substance is either an ionic compound or a covalent compound, which is incorrect, and can also be elemental.

From a microscopic point of view, whether it is ionic or covalent depends on whether the compound has an ionic bond, as long as there is an ionic bond, it is an ionic compound; Otherwise, it is a common price compound.

From a macroscopic point of view, the melting point of general ionic compounds is relatively high.

The method on the first floor is not quite right, what if there are non-metallic cations and metal cations in a compound?

There is also a compound that is between ionic compounds and covalent compounds, which is coordination compounds, referred to as complexes (also known as complexes).

Because its chemical bond is a coordination bond between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.

But most of the complexes are charged like copper tetrahydrate ions, ammonium ions, ferric cyanate ions, ferrocyanate ions.

So in high school, they are mostly regarded as ionic compounds (but this is wrong, this is actually the inner bound of the complex, for example copper sulfate pentahydrate is actually a complex, hydrated sulfate ion is the outer boundary, and copper tetrahydrate ion is the inner boundary.

However, compounds in the form of [PT(NH3)2Cl2], [Co(H2O)3Cl3] are uncharged complexes, and they are undoubtedly coordination compounds.

The theory of coordination compounds has only been established in recent years, and the knowledge learned in high school is the knowledge of Newton's time (physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology).

So I don't study in high school, just understand.

Ionic compounds: Compounds that contain ionic bonds. Compounds in which non-metallic ions form ions with metals are ionic compounds, but ionic compounds can have covalent bonds. Such as ammonium root.

Many bases (e.g., NaOH, KoH, Ba(OH)2, etc.) and salts (e.g., CaCl2, Kno3, CuSO4, etc.) are ionic compounds.

Covalent compounds: Compounds that have only covalent bonds. A covalent compound is a compound molecule composed of atoms that share electron pairs.

Non-metallic hydrides (e.g., HCl, H2O, NH3, etc.), non-metallic oxides (e.g., CO2, SO3, etc.), anhydrous acids (e.g., H2SO4, HNO3, etc.), and most organic compounds (e.g., methane, alcohol, sucrose, etc.) are covalent compounds.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Learning Aid.

Problem description: What are ionic compounds, what are covalent compounds, how to distinguish them, what characteristics do they have, by the way a few examples.

Thank you. Analysis:

Compounds formed by the combination of anion and ion due to electrostatic action are called ionic compounds; Compounds formed by the interaction of atoms due to the formation of interaction between shared electron pairs are called covalent compounds.

The difference is that ionic compounds are electrolytes, while covalent compounds are insulators and do not conduct electricity.

Generally, the compounds formed by metals and nonmetals are ionic compounds, while the compounds formed by two nonmetals are covalent compounds. This has to do with their ability to lose electrons.

1. Definition: A covalent compound is a compound composed of atoms that share electron pairs. Compounds that do not contain metallic elements or ammonium must be covalent compounds.

In addition, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, iron hydroxide, permanganic acid, and mongolic dioxide contain metal elements, but they are also covalent compounds.

Ionic compounds are compounds composed of cations and anions. In general: except for aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, iron hydroxide, permanganic acid, and mongolica dioxide. Compounds containing metallic elements or ammonium are ionic compounds.

2. Differences: 1. Ionic compounds are all electrolytes, and they can conduct electricity in both aqueous solution and molten state; Covalent compounds are not all electrolytes, and if they are electrolytes, they cannot conduct electricity in the molten state.

2. Molecular crystals and atomic crystals are both covalent compounds. In addition, the gravitational force of molecular crystals is small with each other, so they are often easy to diffuse at room temperature and pressure, forming gas; The ionic compounds are caused by many ions with different charges attracted to each other by electrostatic attraction, and the gravitational force is large, so they often form solids at room temperature and pressure, with greater hardness, brittleness, difficult compression, and difficult to volatilize. Atomic crystals are also usually solid.

1.Ionic compounds are compounds made up of cations and anions.

2.When reactive metals (such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.) and reactive non-metals (such as fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, sulfur, etc.) are combined with each other, the reactive metals lose their electrons to form positively charged cations (such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.), and reactive nonmetals obtain electrons to form negatively charged anions (such as F-, Cl-, O2-, S2-, etc.), and cations and anions form ionic compounds by electrostatic action.

3.For example, sodium chloride is an ionic compound composed of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-).

4.In ionic compounds, the total number of positive charges carried by cations is equal to the total number of negative charges carried by anions, and the whole compound is electrically neutral.