Find the doc or txt about the microorganism

Microorganisms include: bacteria, viruses, fungi and some small protists, microscopic algae, etc., a large group of organisms, which are small and closely related to humans. It covers many kinds of beneficial and harmful, and is widely involved in food, medicine, industry and agriculture, environmental protection, sports and many other fields.

Microorganisms can be divided into the following 8 categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetes, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and spirochetes.

Some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, reishi, shiitake mushrooms, etc., which belong to fungi. There are also microorganisms that are a class of "non-cellular organisms" composed of a few components such as nucleic acids and proteins, but their survival must depend on living cells.

Features: Small size, large area, fast reproduction.

Microbiology is a sub-discipline under the biology of Acacia japonica, which is a science that studies the basic laws and applications of microorganisms and their life activities. It is a science that studies the basic laws of life activities such as morphological structure, physiological metabolism, genetic variation, ecological distribution and taxonomic evolution of microorganisms at the cellular, molecular or population levels, and applies them to practical fields such as industrial fermentation, medicine and health, bioengineering and environmental protection. In order to help candidates for the Biology Postgraduate Examination to review and prepare for the exam efficiently, the Hunting Examination has compiled notes on microbiology for your review and reference.

2015 Postgraduate Entrance Examination Review: Microbiology Notes (1).

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Medical Microbiology Chapter 11 Vibrio spp.

Syllabus requirements] 1Vibrio cholerae: (1) biological traits; (2) Pathogenic substances and the diseases they cause.

2.Disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Overview of test centers] 1Vibrio cholerae: morphological staining, culture characteristics, pathogenicity, antigenic construction, and typing.

2.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is halophilic and can cause food poisoning.

Past exam questions].

1.The genogen of Vibrio cholerae is not included.

a.Flagellum. b.Fimbrium.

c.Capsule. d.Enterotoxin.

e.Endotoxin.

Answer: C2Regarding the biological traits of Vibrio cholerae, the misdescription is:

a.The bacterial medium is usually alkaline peptone water.

b.There are pili and monoflagella.

c.The hanging drop observation shows a "shuttle" movement.

d.Eltor biotype spore-forming.

e.Gram or staining is negative.

Answer: D Medical Microbiology Chapter 12 Anaerobic Bacilli.

Syllabus requirements] 1Clostridium anaerobic:

1) Clostridium tetani morphology, staining, resistance, pathogenic substances, diseases caused and prevention and control principles;

2) the morphology, staining, pathogenic substances, diseases caused, microbiological examination and control principles of Clostridium perfringens;

3) Clostridium botulinum morphology, pathogenic substances and diseases caused.

2.Pathogenic conditions, infection characteristics and types of diseases caused by spor-free anaerobic bacteria.

Overview of test centers] 1Biological traits and pathogenicity of Clostridium tetani.

2.Prevention and treatment principles: debridement and amplification, injection of toxoid, antitoxin and antibiotics.

3.Clostridium cyplin:

1) produces a variety of exotoxins, the most important of which are toxins;

2) It can cause gas gangrene and food poisoning;

3) Microscopic examination of microbial diagnostic smear is very important, and animal tests must be done after isolation and culture to finally determine the bacterial species;

4) Surgical debridement, ** In addition to antibiotics, a sufficient amount of multivalent antitoxin serum should be injected early to isolate the patient and avoid nosocomial transmission.

4.Clostridium botulinum: The spores are in the shape of tennis rackets and produce botulinum toxin, causing botulism.

5.Infection conditions and characteristics of spor-free anaerobes. Infections caused by nonspore anaerobes are found almost everywhere in the body.

Past exam questions].

In the following cases, the basis for excluding spor-free anaerobes is:

a.Abscesses in multiple parts of the body.

b.Bloody balance of secretions, foul-smelling or gasy.

c.Bacteria may be seen in the direct smear of the discharge.

d.Surface growth in normal broth medium.

e.Tiny colonies grow in the blood plate.

Answer: d

Question 3 is indeed D

The fourth question is the same as the first question, right?

Question 5 The characteristics of factor F transfer are that from one starting point, only one DNA strand enters the recipient bacteria, and then the donor and the recipient bacteria each use one DNA strand as a template to replicate the other complementary strand in a rolling ring to form a complete double-stranded F factor. This property allows the F-factor to spread among bacterial populations in the same way as other bacterial plasmids that can be delivered by conjugation, similar to causing infection.

So choose C and Question 6 B found an antibiotic.

The first question is correct.

For the second question, see the third question here.