What is the composition of the starter? The composition of a conventional starter and its role

2. Transmission mechanism: When the engine starts, the driving gear of the starter is meshed into the flywheel gear ring to transmit the starter torque to the engine crankshaft. 3. Solenoid switch:

The control device of the starter, the on/off of the control circuit.

The starter consists of three parts:

DC motors, transmission mechanisms and control mechanisms.

The function of the DC motor is to convert the electrical energy input from the battery into mechanical energy to generate electromagnetic torque. Transmission mechanism: It is composed of a one-way clutch, a driving gear, a fork, etc.

Its function is to make the drive gear meshed with the non-gear ring when starting the engine, and transmit the torque of the starter to the engine crankshaft; After the engine starts, the drive gear and the flywheel can be automatically separated, and in the process of their separation, when the engine flywheel is back-dragging the drive gear, the one-way clutch makes it form idling, and the flywheel drives the starter shaft to rotate. Control mechanism: It mainly refers to the electromagnetic switch of the starter, which is used to turn on or off the circuit between the motor and the battery.

The starter is generally made of a DC motor.

The transmission mechanism and electromagnetic switch are composed of three parts. The torque of the motor is transmitted to the flywheel through the transmission mechanism to start the engine.

The DC starter is composed of a DC series motor, a control mechanism and a clutch mechanism. It is designed to start the engine and requires a lot of torque, so the amount of current to pass through is high, reaching several hundred amperes.

The starter is composed of a DC motor, a transmission mechanism and a solenoid switch. The motor is composed of a magnetic field (stator), an armature ** and a commutator, and a multi-pole magnetic field is used to increase the torque, and there are usually 4 magnetic fields. When an electric current is passed through the armature coil, the entire coil is subjected to a single torque and turns.

Because the DC motor will produce a kind of back electromotive force after being energized, which is directly proportional to the engine speed and inversely proportional to the torque, it can meet the requirements of the engine when it starts. The starting current of the starter is very large, so the start-up time must be short during operation.

The basic components of the starter system.

The starter is the core of the starting system, and the main body is composed of three parts: DC motor, transmission mechanism and control device.

1) DC motor, its role is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, generating electromagnetic torque.

2) The transmission mechanism (also known as the meshing mechanism) is to make the starter drive gear mesh into the flywheel gear ring when the engine starts, and transmit the electromagnetic torque generated by the DC motor to the flywheel to drive the engine to run; After the engine starts, the starter drive gear automatically slips to avoid back-dragging the starter armature shaft and eventually disengages from the flywheel ring gear.

The role of the starter system.

The function of the starting system is to convert the electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy through the starter under normal use conditions, and drive the engine to run at a high enough speed so that the engine can start smoothly.

Basic requirements for the starting system.

1) The power of the starter should match the power necessary for the engine to start, so as to ensure that the electromagnetic torque generated by the starter is greater than the starting resistance torque of the engine (friction resistance torque and compression resistance torque), and drive the engine to run at a speed higher than the minimum starting speed (refers to the minimum crankshaft speed that the engine can start under certain conditions, the gasoline engine is generally 50-70r min, and the diesel engine is generally 100-150r min);

2) The capacity of the battery must match the power of the starter to ensure that the starting current is provided with a large enough and the necessary duration for the starter;

3) The connection of the starting circuit should be reliable, and the wire resistance and contact resistance of the starting main circuit should be as small as possible, generally in the following. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the wire of the starting main circuit is much larger than that of ordinary wires, and the connection should be very strong and reliable;

4) After the engine starts, the starter pinion automatically exits with the engine flywheel and engages or slides to prevent the engine from driving the starter to run.

The starter is composed of three parts: the motor, the transmission mechanism and the control device.

According to the working principle, starters are divided into direct current starters, gasoline starters, compressed air starters, etc. Most of the internal combustion engines are DC-electric starters, which are characterized by their compact structure, simple operation and easy maintenance. The gasoline starter is a small gasoline engine with a clutch and transmission mechanism, which is powerful and less affected by temperature, can start a large internal combustion engine, and is suitable for alpine regions.

There are two types of compressed air starters, one is to drive the compressed air into the cylinder in the working order, and the other is to use an air motor to drive the flywheel. The purpose of compressed air starters is close to that of gasoline starters, and they are usually used to start large internal combustion engines.

The function of the starter is to convert the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy, drive the engine flywheel to rotate and realize the start of the engine.

There are many ways to start the engine. Electric motors are often used as car engines.

The mechanical power of the starter. When the gears on the motor shaft engage with the ring gear around the engine flywheel, power is transmitted to the flywheel and crankshaft.

Make them turn. The motor itself uses batteries as an energy source. Currently, most car engines are started by electric motors.

The starter adopts DC series motor, and the rotor and stator part use thicker rectangular cross-section copper wire. The driving mechanism adopts a reduction gear structure; The control mechanism adopts electromagnetic magnetic attraction.

The composition of the starter.

Generally speaking, a starter consists of three parts.

1) DC series motor, which is composed of armature, magnetic pole, shell, brush and brush grip, etc. Its function is to generate torque.

2) The transmission mechanism is composed of driving gears, roller clutches, forks, meshing springs, etc. Splines mounted on the shaft of the starter.

Part. When starting, the transmission mechanism moves the driving gear outward along the spline groove of the starter shaft, meshes with the flywheel gear ring, and transmits the torque generated by the motor to the engine crankshaft through the flywheel to start the engine; After starting, the speed of the flywheel increases, which will drive the motor shaft to rotate at high speed through the driving gear, causing the motor to overspeed. Therefore, after the engine starts, the transmission mechanism should disconnect the driving gear from the motor to prevent the motor from overspeeding.

3) The control device is used to connect and disconnect the circuit between the starter and the battery. On some cars, it also has the ability to connect and isolate the additional resistors of the ignition coil.

How the starter works.

The function of the starter is to use the starter to convert the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy.

Then the engine is started by dragging it through the transmission mechanism.

Essentially, the starter is a DC motor whose role is to drive the engine into a working state by powering it from a battery. Its performance directly affects and restricts the normal start of the car, so the working principle of the starter can be explained by the working principle of its main component, the DC motor. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

It is based on the electromagnetic force that a live conductor is subjected to in a magnetic field.

The principle of action is made.

Torque due to one coil.

Too small, the speed is unstable, in fact, there are a lot of coils wound on the armature of the motor, and the number of commutators increases accordingly as the coils increase, so as to ensure that sufficient torque and stable speed are generated.

The function of the automobile starter is to start the engine, and the gear on the starter is connected to the engine crankshaft when it is working, and the flywheel is engaged to drive the flywheel and drive the engine. How the starter works.

The control device of the automobile starter includes an electromagnetic switch, a starting relay and an ignition start switch lamp component, in which the electromagnetic switch is made together for the starter.

1. Solenoid switch.

1.Structural characteristics of solenoid switches.

The solenoid switch is mainly composed of two parts: the solenoid mechanism and the motor switch. The electromagnet mechanism is composed of a fixed core, a movable core, a suction coil and a holding coil. The fixed core is fixed, and the movable core can be moved axially in the copper sleeve.

The front end of the movable iron core is fixed with the push rod, and the front end of the push rod is provided with a switch contact plate, and the rear section of the movable iron core is connected with the fork with an adjusting screw and a connecting pin. A return spring is installed on the outside of the copper sleeve, and the function is to reset the movable parts such as the movable core. The arrangement of the terminals of the solenoid switch wiring is shown in the figure.

2.The working principle of solenoid switches.

When the magnetic flux generated by the suction coil and the coil energized are in the same direction, their electromagnetic attraction is superimposed on each other, and the movable core can be attracted to move forward until the contact plate at the front end of the actuator connects the electric switch contact to the main circuit of the potential motor.

When the magnetic pain generated by the suction coil and the energizing coil is in opposite directions, its electromagnetic attraction cancels each other, and under the action of the return spring, the movable core and other movable parts are automatically reset, the contact plate and the contact are disconnected, and the main circuit of the motor is disconnected.

Second, the starting relay.

The structural diagram of the starter relay is shown in the upper left part of the figure, which is composed of an electromagnet mechanism and a contact assembly. The coil is connected to the ignition switch terminal and the lap iron terminal "E" on the housing, the fixed contact is connected to the starter terminal "S", and the movable contact is connected to the battery terminal "BAT" through the contact arm and bracket. When the coil is energized, the relay core generates electromagnetic force to close the contact, so that the suction coil and the holding coil circuit controlled by the relay are connected.

1.Control circuits.

The control circuit includes a starter relay control circuit and a starter electromagnetic switch control circuit.

The starter relay control circuit is controlled by the ignition switch, and the controlled object is the relay coil circuit. When the ignition switch is turned on and the starting gear is turned on, the current passes from the battery political circle through the starter power supply terminal to the ammeter, and then the relay coil returns to the negative pole of the battery from the ammeter through the ignition switch. Therefore, the relay core produces a strong electromagnetic attraction, which is the control circuit of the relay contact closure and the starter electromagnetic switch.

2.Main circuit.

Battery positive starter power supply terminal electromagnetic switch excitation winding resistance armature winding iron battery negative pole, so the starter produces electromagnetic rotation distance and starts the engine.

The starter is used to promote the progress of society, the forward development of mankind, and the improvement of people's living standards.

"Its role is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, drive the crankshaft to rotate, and start the engine. When the starter is used, it should be noted that the starting time of each time should not exceed 5 seconds, the interval between each use should not be less than 10-15 seconds, and the continuous use should not exceed 3 times. If the continuous starting time is too long, it will cause a large amount of battery discharge and the starter coil will overheat and smoke, and it is very easy to damage the parts

The starter is a device that converts mechanical energy into kinetic energy, and the starter drives the flywheel to rotate, prompting the engine to do work, and then the engine will run.

The function of the starter is to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy when the key hits the starting position, so as to start the engine.

The starter motor provides the external force support required for the engine to start, and generally speaking, the starter uses the following three components to realize the entire starting process.

The DC motor introduces the current from the battery and causes the driving gear of the starter to produce mechanical movement;

The transmission mechanism meshes the drive gear into the flywheel ring gear, and at the same time, it can automatically disengage after the engine starts;

The starter circuit is switched on and off by an electromagnetic switch.

Among them, the electric motor is the main component inside the starter, and its working principle is the energy conversion process based on Ampere's law that we are exposed to in junior high school physics, that is, the action of the energized conductor in the magnetic field. The electric motor includes the necessary components such as armatures, commutators, magnetic poles, brushes, bearings, and housings.

Among the three components of the starter, there is generally no essential difference in the motor part, and it can be divided into ordinary starter and permanent magnet starter according to the form of the DC motor used; The control device and the transmission mechanism are very different, so they are generally classified according to the difference between the control device and the starter mechanism of the transmission car.

1) Classified by control device.

Directly operated starter It is the main circuit switch of the starter directly controlled by the foot pedal or hand-pulled lever linkage mechanism to turn on or off the main circuit, also known as mechanical starter. Although this mode is simple in structure and reliable in operation, it is rarely adopted because the starter and the battery are required to be close to the cab, and are limited by the installation layout, and the operation is inconvenient;

Electromagnetic control starter It is controlled by a button or ignition switch, and then the main switch of the starter is controlled by the relay to turn on or off the main circuit, also known as electromagnetic control starter. This method can realize long-distance control, easy to work, and is widely used in modern cars.

2) Classification according to the meshing mode of the transmission mechanism:

Inertial meshing - obsolete.

Forced meshing type - reliable work, easy to operate, widely used.

Armature mobile - complex structure, high-power diesel vehicle.

Gear-movable - solenoid switch pushes the meshing rod.

Deceleration type - small mass volume, complex structure process.

The working process, structure, composition, working principle of automobile starter, and common faults.