The valency of organic matter, how to calculate the valency of organic compounds

Organic matter cannot be seen as valency from the surface. There is a "valence conservation principle" for organic matter, that is, among all organic matter, carbon presents a +4 valence; Oxygen presents -2 valence; Hydrogen exhibits +1 valence, that is, up to four functional groups can be attached around the carbon atom in organic matter, and the number of linked functional groups is reduced due to the second bond and the second bond; An oxygen atom can have up to two functional groups attached around it and are reduced because of the second bond, whereas the hydrogen atom can only attach one functional group. But they can't have one more or one less key.

Usually, the valency of independent functional groups such as carbon atoms and oxygen atoms is not ** in organic matter, but the valency of the atomic groups that make up organic matter, such as: carboxyl group, COOH negative monovalent, methyl group, CH3 positive monovalent, etc.

Therefore, when judging the valency of organic matter, it is best to draw the molecular structure formula or electronic formula of the corresponding organic matter to facilitate judgment.

Generally, the valency of carbon elements in organic matter is more complex, so first mark other elements according to the most common valence, such as hydrogen is positive monovalent, O is negative bivalent, and then use the algebraic sum to judge 0.

The algebraic sum of the elements is 0, and the valency of the carbon element in general is.

4-valent, e.g. CO2

The algebraic sum of the elements is 0, for example, the valency of C in CO is 2, the valency of CO2 is 4, and the valency of CH4 is -4, so it's very simple!

Carbon four hands complex other elements are good to judge the valence state just use the algebraic sum of the zero method your honest method is correct but difficult.

If the algebraic sum of the elements is 0, the column equation is OK.

In organic matter, C generally shows +4 valence.

According to Cheng Jianshu, it's useless if you don't take the college entrance examination.

The valency of organic compounds is calculated according to the principle of positive 1 valence of hydrogen, negative 2 valence of oxygen, negative 3 valence of nitrogen, and the algebraic sum of 0.

Related explanation: Organic compounds in a narrow sense are mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen, which are certain carbon-containing compounds, but do not include carbon oxides, carbonic acid, carbonates, cyanides, thiocyanides, cyanates, metal carbides, and some simple carbon-containing compounds. However, generalized organic compounds can be carbon-free, organic matter is the material basis of the cavity state produced by the source of life, and all living organisms contain organic compounds.

Such as fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc.

If you are a beginner in chemistry, then just think that h is +1 valence, o is -2 valence, and the compound valency is 0, and you can judge the valency of c.

Electron pair bias refers to the electronegativity of the element, and h is for .

Therefore, the electronic bias of the C-H bond is suspicious of C, and the electronic bias of the C-O bond is biased towards O, for example: CH4

The shared electron pairs of the C-H covalent bond are biased towards C, so C is now electronegative, e.g. HCOOH

C is connected to an H, so the electrons of the C-H bond are biased towards C, and the other side of Brother C has two O's, which are attractive to C's electrons, so most of the electrons on C's side are more envious and scattered towards O, so in general, C is now electropositive.

This is just a simple overview.

Note: The above electrons refer to the outermost electrons.

Valency formulas for junior high school chemistryMonovalent potassium, sodium, fluorohydrochlorophosyl.

Divalent oxygen, calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc.

3. Aluminum, tetrasilicon, pentavalent phosphorus.

Two or three iron, two or four carbon.

Two, four, and six sulfur are complete.

Copper-mercury bivalent is the most common.

The chemical valence of junior high school is smooth.

monovalent chlorochlorobromoiodide; There is also the metal potassium, sodium silver.

divalent barium oxygen, calcium, magnesium, zinc; Aluminum, three silicon, and four are fixed.

The price of chlorine and nitrogen should be noted to Lu Yi; One or two copper, mercury, one or three gold.

Tetracarbon, lead, and triiron; 246 sulfur 35 phosphorus.

chlorochlorobromoiodine negative monovalent; N-monohydrogen silver with potassium sodium.

The minus two of oxygen should be remembered first; n-dimagnesium, calcium, barium and zinc.

positive three is aluminum, positive four silicon; Let's put the price change down.

All metals are regular; One or two coppers come two or three irons.

Manganese is 24 and 67; The two or four of carbon should be kept in mind.

non-metallic negative main is uneven; Chlorine is negative one positive one five seven.

Nitrogen and phosphorus minus three and plus five; Different phosphorus, three nitrogen, two or four.

Sulfur has minus two, positive, four-six; It will be cooked when you use it while memorizing it.

A collection of formulas. 1) Potassium, sodium, silver, hydrogen positive bivalent, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc positive bivalent.

2) Chlorochlorobromoiodine is negative monovalent, usually oxygen is negative bivalent.

3) Copper is 12, aluminum is 3, iron is 23, silicon is 4.

4) Carbon has positive two and positive four, and sulfur has negative two plus four six.

5) minus three plus five nitrogen and phosphorus, manganese is plus two, four, six seven.

Junior high school chemistry and fighting.

1) Potassium, sodium, silver, hydrogen, positive monovalent, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, positive bivalent, mono-2 copper, 2-triiron.

2) Aluminum is minus two of positive trioxygen, chlorine is the most common of minus one, sulfur is minus two plus four hexa, and positive two plus three iron are variable.

3) N-tetrasilicon, ditetracarbon, elemental zero price forever, minus mononitrate hydroxide, minus disulfate carbonate.

4) Remember the phosphate group, the positive one is ammonium, and the other elements have valence, which is calculated by dying first and then living.

5) Monovalent potassium hydrogen chloride, sodium silver, divalent barium oxygen, calcium, magnesium, zinc. Trialuminum, tetrasilicon, pentavalent phosphorus, ditetracarbon, tripentanitrogen.

6) 246 sulfur iron 23, copper mercury 12 is the price change, the element is zero do not need to be calculated.

7) Positive potassium, sodium, silver, hydrogen ammonia, n-dicalcium, copper, magnesium, barium, zinc, aluminum, trisilicon, phosphorus, plus penta, chlorine, often negative one, oxygen and minus two.

8) Iron to 23 carbon 24, hydroxide nitrate minus one, carbonate sulfate minus two, 246 sulfur are complete.

9) n-monohydrochloride, potassium, sodium, silver, n-dicalcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, mercury. Positive trialuminum, negative dioxide.

10) Chlorochlorobromo-iodine negative monovalent, variable valence.

11) Positive one sub-copper, positive two copper, positive two ferrous metal, positive triiron.

12) Negative monohydroxide nitrate, negative disulfate carbonate, positive monovalent ammonium, monovalent hydrochloride, sodium chloride, potassium silver.

13) Divalent magnesium oxide, calcium, barium, zinc, trivalent elements, uranium, aluminum, tetravalent carbonic acid, pentavalent phosphorus.

The valency of a compound refers to the electric valence or oxidation state that the element has in the compound. The valency of a compound can usually be determined by several factors:

1.Electronic structure of an element: The electronic structure of an element is an important factor that determines its valency.

In a compound, the electronic structure of an element interacts with its electrons, thus determining the valency in which it is located. For example, the electronic structure of the element oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4, so in most of the compounds, the valency of the element oxygen is -2.

2.Electrical neutrality of compounds: The electrical neutrality of a compound generally refers to the degree of equilibrium of positive and negative charges in its molecules.

In most cases, the valency of an element will depend on the electrical neutrality of the compound in which it is located. For example, in sodium chloride (NaCl), the valency of the element sodium is +1, while the valency of the element chlorine is -1.

3.Structure of the compound: The structure of the compound can also affect the valency of the element.

Some compounds are ionic, where the charge transfer between positive and negative ions affects the valency of the atoms. In some covalent compounds, the valency of the elements can be determined by sharing the number of electron pairs.

In conclusion, the valency of a compound is determined by factors such as the electronic structure of the element, the electrical neutrality of the compound, and the structure of the compound. It is very important to understand the valency of compounds in chemophobia experiments and analysis, as it can help us better understand the mechanism and process of chemical reactions.

The valency of organic species C is not reflected by itself, but by the valency of the surrounding groups, in organic matter, H behaves as positive monovalent, for example, CH4 where C is negative tetravalent. In addition, like the carboxyl group is negative monovalent, the hydroxyl group is also negative monovalent, oxygen is negative bivalent, etc., you have to write down the usual use.

There are two ways to determine the valency of carbon by organic matter:

One is to calculate the valency of carbon according to the algebraic sum of the valencies of various elements in the compound according to the algebraic sum of the valencies of various elements in the compound to zero. This method only calculates the average valence of all the carbon in the organism, and cannot calculate the valence of each carbon atom.

The second method is based on the bias of the chemical bonds. For example, in formaldehyde, two of the four bonds of carbon are linked to hydrogen and two are linked to carbon. For carbon, since the alkali metallicity of carbon is stronger than that of hydrogen, the two bonds make carbon -2 valence, and the two covalent bonds connected to oxygen, the non-metallic property of oxygen is stronger than carbon, it is 2 valence, so the valency of carbon is 2 2 0.

Taking ethanol as an example, there is one carbon in ethanol that has three covalent bonds linked to hydrogen and one linked to carbon. The one linked to hydrogen is -1 valence, and the one linked to carbon is 0 valence. So the valency of this carbon atom is:

1×3＋0＝－3。Ethanol and another carbon atom, there are two bonds connected to hydrogen, one linked to carbon, and one linked to oxygen, or the above method is used to judge, the valency of the carbon atom is: 1 2 1 0 1.

The average valency of carbon in ethanol is:[ 3 ( 1)] 2 2.

Of the two methods, the first one is more commonly used because the first one is more convenient. The second method is the one I came up with on my own and is rarely used.

Finally, organic matter generally does not consider valency, and if it is examined, it is calculated according to the algebraic sum of valency in the compound as 0.

The valency of organic matter is generally calculated as the average valence of carbon, the valence of carbon from -4 to +4 is -2 valence for oxygen, +1 valence for hydrogen, -3 valence for nitrogen, -2 valence for sulfur, and the next step is to calculate the valency of carbon.

If there is a diagram, count the molecular formula and add it, and the rest can be calculated according to the equation.

Yes. The carbonyl carbon atom in the middle of the acetone molecule shows +2 valence, the oxygen atom shows -2 valence, and the algebraic sum of valency is also 0. The algebraic sum of the valency of the elements of the whole molecule is 0.

However, the algebraic sum of the valency of the methyl group in methanol CH3OH is not 0, because the methyl group is attached to the hydroxyl group, and the algebraic sum of the valency of the elements in the methyl group is +1 valence.

[And the shared electron pair deviates from the hydrogen atom, so hydrogen is -1 valence] should be [the shared electron pair is deviated from the hydrogen atom, so hydrogen is +1 valence].

All other analyses are correct.

In this organism, the algebraic sum of the valency of the methyl group is 0; But in other compounds, the valency algebraic sum of methyl groups is not necessarily 0. It depends on the atom that is directly attached to the carbon atom.

In fact, organic matter does not discuss valency, they are not electric, and there are no anions and cations in their solution.

Yes. Elements in organic matter also have valence states.

In the case of covalent compounds, the valence state of the element is represented by the shift of the electrons.

Whereas, ionic compounds are represented by the gain and loss of electrons to the valence state.

The valency of the elemental elements is 0

The valency of organic matter is determined by the structural formula to determine the amount of electrons shared.

The deviation of the electrons is then judged by the adsorption capacity of the electron macros of its nucleus.

For example, the structural formula of CH4 (natural dust gas):hh-c-h

.The points in the previous canon of hh are useless for alignment) because the nucleus of h is small and the adsorption capacity is poor, so it loses electrons.

And there is 1 covalent line next to each h.

So each h loses one electron.

So in CH4, the valency of h is +1 valence.

And c has 4 covalent lines next to it.

So it gets 4 electrons.

So the valency of c is -4 valence.

What do you think. It's time to study hard.