What are the physiological processes of plants and what are the applications of plant physiology

Plants are photosynthetic organisms, and their physiological processes include photosynthesis, respiration, nutrient absorption, growth and development, etc.

The physiological processes of plants mainly include photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

Photosynthesis is the most important part of plant physiology, which converts sunlight into chemical energy in plants through photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll, and synthesizes organic matter while releasing oxygen.

Respiration is another important part of plant physiology, which decomposes organic matter into carbon dioxide and water through mitochondria and other respiratory organs, and at the same time releases energy to maintain plant life activities.

Transpiration is another important physiological process in plant physiology, which releases water in plants into the air in the form of water vapor through the stomata on plant leaves, participates in the water cycle in plants, and maintains the normal physiological activities of plants.

These physiological processes are interrelated and work together to maintain the balance of plant life activities and ecosystems.

Photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration.

Definition of plant physiology: It is the science that studies the laws of plant biological life activities. Contents of Plant Physiology:

Growth and morphogenesis, transformation of matter and energy, information transmission and signal transduction. The transformation of matter and energy is the basis of growth and development. Growth:

It refers to the increase in the number of cells and the expansion of cell volume, resulting in an increase in the volume and mass of the plant. Development: refers to the continuous differentiation of cells to form new tissues and organs, i.e., morphogenesis.

Message transfer: refers to the process of transmitting information from the receptive site to the site of the reaction7Signal Transduction:

At the level of a single cell, the signal binds to the receptor and then produces a physiological response through the signal transduction system. Water physiology of plants: the water content of plants, the state of water existence, the role of waterPlant roots continuously absorb water from the soil and transport it to all parts of the plant body to meet the needs of normal life activities, however, plants inevitably lose water to the environment, so that water physiology is formed.

Plant physiology is a sub-discipline of biology that studies the laws of plant life activities.

Significance. Plant physiology is a part of botany. But it can also be seen as a branch of general physiology.

The basic building blocks of plants such as proteins, sugars, fats, and nucleic acids, as well as their metabolism, are similar to those of other organisms (animals, microorganisms). However, there are some unique features of the plant itself, such as the ability to synthesize organic matter from CO2 from the air and water and minerals from the soil using solar energy, and thus are the original producers of almost everything organic on the modern earth.

Plants take root in the soil and live in a stationary manner, and there is little room for profit and avoidance, and they must be able to adapt to local environmental conditions and evolve resistance and resistance to adverse environments. There is no limit to the growth of plants, although some tissues or cells die, they can still regenerate or renew and continue to grow. The somatic cells of plants are totipotent, and under the right conditions, a somatic cell can become a complete plant after growth and differentiation.

Therefore, plant physiology is of great significance in practice and theory.

The roles of plants are: photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, transpiration, and transport.

1. Photosynthesis:

Green plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy-storing organic matter, mainly starch, and release oxygen. Note: From the raw materials of photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide and warm cherry lead, consider how to enhance photosynthesis and photosynthesis conditions, places, raw materials, and products.

2. Respiration:

Respiration consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, and energy is a retraction experiment and a method to promote plant respiration and inhibit respiration for recall.

3. Absorption:

When the concentration of root hair cell fluid is greater than the concentration of the surrounding soil solution, the cell absorbs water; The principle of water lossWhen the concentration of the cell fluid of the root hairs is less than the concentration of the surrounding soil solution, the cells lose water.

4. Transpiration:

The water of the plant body is transpired through the stomata of the leaves in the form of a spine of water vapor. It can lower the temperature of the plant body; Promotes the absorption of water by the roots from the soil and the rise of water from the roots to the leaves.

5. Transportation function:

Ducts (located in the xylem of the stem): transport water and inorganic salts from the bottom up.

1. Transpiration.

When the plant undergoes transpiration, the stomata on the leaves will open, which will speed up the evaporation of water and heat, which can reduce the temperature around the plant and avoid burning the leaves at higher temperatures. It also promotes photosynthesis and respiration, ensuring that the roots are able to absorb sufficient water and the stems are able to transport nutrients to the tips of the plants.

2. Photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the basic guarantee to maintain the normal growth of plants, using the light energy brought by sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into nutrients such as organic matter and glucose, and at the same time, it will also release a large amount of oxygen, which is of great help to the purification of air hunger. Therefore, most plants need to receive sufficient sunlight during the cultivation process.

Photosynthesis can be divided into light reactions and dark reactions. The photoreaction is the first stage of photosynthesis, and only in the presence of light does the thylakoids in the chloroplast react. The dark reaction is the second stage, which can also be carried out in the absence of light, mainly in the substrate of chloroplasts, where chemical reactions occur.

3. Respiration.

Respiration is the main method by which plants obtain oxygen during the growth process. During aerobic respiration, oxygen is absorbed from the air and carbon dioxide gas is released, and during anaerobic respiration, glucose is reacted with oxygen to produce lactic acid or alcohol after decomposition, usually at night.

Absorption, the plant will absorb fertilizer through the root system to replenish the nutrients needed for growth; Photosynthesis, in which plants photosynthesize through their leaves and absorb nutrients; Transpiration, the leaves of the plant will open the stomata and regulate the temperature; respiration, through which oxygen can be carried out and carbon dioxide is released; In the xylem of the plant, there will be tubular cells in the xylem of the plant, which will transport water and inorganic salts from the bottom to the top.

When the fertilizer is buried in the soil, it will be decomposed into nutrients that can be absorbed under certain conditions, which can be analyzed and used to supplement nutrients, so that the plant can grow more vigorously, and the overall yield and quality can also be improved.

Plants can photosynthesize through leaves, which absorb water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide beverages from the air in the process of photosynthesis, and convert them into chemicals that can form nourishing organisms. Leaves will absorb more efficiently than the roots.

During transpiration, the stomata on the leaves will open, which will speed up the dissipation of water and heat, which can reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment and avoid high temperature burns. The leaves promote the formation of photosynthesis and respiration, ensuring that the root system can absorb a large amount of water.

It is pointed out that during the growth period, respiration is generally carried out at night, and oxygen can be obtained mainly through respiration, and when oxygen is inhaled, oxygen in the air is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. When respiration is not possible, glucose reacts with oxygen to produce lactic acid or alcohol, which replenishes the plant's nutrients.

The plant xylem in the plant duct room is mainly affected by the tubular structure of water and inorganic salts, which is mainly composed of tubular dead cells, and the cell wall is connected to each other, each cell is called a duct, and the molecule or duct transports water and inorganic salts from top to bottom.