From the drinking ceremonies of the Zhou Dynasty to the modern wine table culture, how has wine cult

In China, wine culture is a very important part of food culture, and in modern times, wine is also an indispensable part of people's lives. China's wine culture has appeared as early as the Xia Dynasty, and became popular, in the Xia Dynasty is the most famous is "Yidi Liquor". By the time of the Zhou Dynasty, a specific liquor culture appeared, and although the equipment for making sake was rudimentary in ancient times, this did not affect the quality of the liquor.

Although the sake making equipment was relatively simple in ancient times, the sake making technology of the ancients was very high. There is a record of making sake in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing", and rice is used as raw material in this work. By the time of the Zhou Dynasty, the technology of making wine was already very high, and there were even many official positions related to wine, such as "Jiuzheng" and "Jiuren", which were responsible for brewing wine.

Among the current discoveries, there was also a ritual about wine in the Zhou Dynasty - "Drinking Ceremony". In the rules of "drinking etiquette", there is a very strict system, such as different people use different drinking utensils, and so on.

Although the wine-making technology was very high during the Zhou Dynasty, it was not very popular at the beginning, because the reason for the fall of the Shang Dynasty was related to wine, so in the early Zhou Dynasty, except for sacrifices and other occasions, it was not allowed to drink, of course, this rule was only for commoners. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the development of labor, the wine culture has also been greatly developed, and the tools for drinking wine have also become made of bronze; But in the Qin and Han dynasties, it was forbidden to drink alcohol among the people. During the Three Kingdoms period, alcohol was a very important social tool, so almost everyone drank alcohol at that time.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the people also began to make wine, but they had to pay a certain tax. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, the wine culture had developed very maturely, and people at that time believed that wine could stimulate people's potential. In the Song Dynasty, the brewing technology was greatly changed, and the distillation method appeared, and then with the development of technology, many brewing techniques appeared.

Until modern times, liquor culture has become an indispensable part of daily life.

The wine culture has been formed in the Zhou Dynasty, and then with the development of the times, the utensils for holding wine have also begun to change, and people have more and more etiquette for drinking, and they will also communicate through drinking.

The wine culture began with the wine order of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and now it has become a necessary table culture.

Chinese wine table culture is a unique culture in China. The history is almost as old as the history of people, and the Chinese have mastered the art of winemaking long before the maturity of Chinese characters. There are records about wine and drinking culture in many classics, and wine culture is deeply rooted in the blood of the Chinese and has a far-reaching influence.

There are more than 20 references to wine in the Book of Songs, and wine is endowed with ceremonial, social, and leisure meanings, reflecting a specific patriarchal order and human relations.

There are also many classics dedicated to wine, such as the "Wine Message" of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Wine Fu" and "Wine Proverbs" of the Western Han Dynasty, the "Wine Commandments" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the "Wine Classic" and "Wine Spectrum" of the early Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that wine has long been an important element of Chinese culture.

In fact, in ancient times, for a long time, Chinese wine table culture had nothing to do with food culture. Early Chinese wine table culture was a part of political culture, closely combined with rituals such as sacrifices and celebrations, and belonged to the upper class culture of the royal family and those in power. The scarcity and mystery of wine embellish various ceremonies, and interpret the legitimacy of political rule with solemn and magnificent scenes.

Under a centralized monarchy, power is highly centralized, and the party that gains power is extremely afraid of losing power, so it compiles various rituals and organizes various activities in order to maintain the legitimacy and sanctity of its position.

The origin is that the first people celebrated the harvest!

The wine table culture includes the following functions: 1. The general interpersonal communication of acquaintances refers to the entertainment programs between classmates, relatives and friends; 2. The familiar channels of social interaction refer to the necessary steps in the work or entrustment process, with a relatively clear purpose; 3. Simple rituals are mainly formal meanings. The three can overlap, such as thanking a friend who is not too familiar with the task, or a colleague celebration banquet after completing a certain project, etc.

I won't mention the lubricating effect of alcohol on interpersonal relationships, everyone has a personal experience. The reason why China's wine table culture is special is inseparable from Confucian etiquette. In layman's terms, no matter what kind of banquet it is, the amount, procedure, purpose, and meaning of drinking all point to the superiority and inferiority, that is, the hierarchical order.

First of all, arrange the sitting, who sits in the chief who accompanies him, and then who opens the glass first, who toasts first, who gives a speech first, who starts chopsticks first, what dish to eat first, who pours wine for whom, how much to pour, how to pour, when to reward, how to thank, how to carry out the next round (patrol), what are the new tricks in the next round (patrol), when can you play freely, to what extent, who to respect first, who to respect, who to fight, who to protect, how to drink, how much to drink, what to do when you are almost eating, what to do when you are not strong enough to drink, who can go to the toilet, who can retire, who can drink for you, how to replace it, when it will end, who will speak, who will receive the cup at the end, how to receive it, including how the guest and host leave the table, how to go home, ......There are fixed procedures and rules, and if you break the rules, you will be punished, and from this ritual, everyone reinforces their identification with their position in the group and the level of respect (welcome) that goes with it. Sometimes, the status gap between the participants is not so significant, there is a floating space, and there will be games at the wine table, which can be games, drinking orders, couplets, or bickering, drinking, scolding, or even drawing knives against each other.

On the face, the banquet is a ritualized celebration of entertainment.

Inside, the banquet is the carrier and game platform of dignity and status.

In short, the drunkard does not mean to drink.

There are many origins of Chinese wine culture, and the first record of wine comes from the Xia Yu period. Regarding the etiquette of drinking, it is necessary to worship before drinking. The host toasts the guests at a time, and the guests return the toast.