Describe the current problem of population ageing in China

China's aging is accompanied by China's first birth rate, which is a root cause, so the reason for aging is that the birth rate is small, so to solve the aging problem, the first thing is to solve the problem of birth rate.

Summary. There are many reasons for the acceleration of the aging of the Chinese population, but the most important and direct reasons are two aspects: First, the low fertility rate that has emerged from the long-term implementation of the family planning policy.

In order to control the excessively rapid growth of the population and reduce the pressure caused by the population on economic and social development, China has implemented the basic national policy of family planning since the 80s of the last century, which has greatly reduced the fertility level of the whole society. On the other hand, the rapid economic growth, the progress of science and technology, the improvement of the people's medical conditions and the improvement of their living standards have enabled mankind to make amazing achievements in health and longevity, and the life expectancy of the population has been greatly extended. The result of the combined effect of the above factors is that in the whole population, the proportion of young people is further reduced and the proportion of the elderly population is relatively increased, which is ultimately manifested in the rapid growth and increase of the proportion of the elderly population in the whole population, that is, the early arrival of an aging society.

What are the reasons for the aging of the Chinese population?

There are many reasons for the acceleration of the aging of the Chinese population, but the most important and direct reasons are two aspects: First, the low fertility rate that has emerged from the long-term implementation of the family planning policy. In order to control the excessively rapid growth of the population and reduce the pressure caused by the population on economic and social development, China has implemented the basic national policy of family planning since the 80s of the last century, which has greatly reduced the fertility level of the whole society.

On the other hand, the rapid economic growth, the progress of science and technology, the improvement of the people's medical conditions and the improvement of their living standards have enabled mankind to make amazing achievements in health and longevity, and the life expectancy of the population has been greatly extended. The result of the combined effect of the above factors is that in the whole population, the proportion of young people is further reduced and the proportion of the elderly population is relatively increased, which is ultimately manifested in the rapid growth and increase of the proportion of the elderly population in the whole population, that is, the early arrival of an aging society.

These are universal.

There is nothing special.

Cause. This is the most direct reason, in many cases, the reason is that the background conditions have become better, after people's living standards have improved, the birth rate is low, the mortality rate is also low, so the aging of the population has also intensified.

<>1. Reduction of mortality rate: With the improvement of material and cultural conditions and the progress of medical and health undertakings, the life expectancy of the elderly has been extended, the mortality rate has decreased, and the proportion of the elderly population has been increasing.

2. Declining birth rate: due to natural disasters.

Diseases and other human factors have led to a decrease in the birth rate, a decline in the proportion of children and adolescents in the population, and an increase in the proportion of the elderly population.

3. Ideological change: Today's young people have changed their thinking, and they don't want to have children and want to be a dink.

More and more families. The middle-aged and elderly are getting older, and there is no new population to fill them, resulting in an aging population.

It's getting worse day by day.

Population ageingThe status quo:Since the 90s of the 20th century, China's aging process has accelerated. The elderly population aged 65 and over increased from 62.99 million in 1990 to 88.11 million in 2000, and the proportion of the total population increased from the current Chinese population.

It has entered the senile type.

Trending:Rapidly developing population aging trends, and population fertility rates.

It is closely related to the decline in the birth rate, as well as the decline in mortality and the increase in life expectancy. At present, China's fertility rate has fallen below replacement level, and the life expectancy of the population.

and mortality rates are also close to those of developed countries.

Level. <>

Controversy. In response to the view that "the problem of population aging is brought about by the family planning policy", the National Health and Family Planning Commission.

The person in charge said, "China's aging problem has a certain relationship with the family planning policy, but this is by no means the main reason, this is a common phenomenon in human society." ”

By 2035, China's labor force will remain above 800 million, which is equivalent to the population of all European countries combined. Therefore, the problem of the number of labor force in China will not appear for a long time, but the quality of labor force needs to be improved.

There has been an aging trend in China.

Population ageing is rooted in low fertility. It is generally accepted that if the total fertility rate[1] is below, the number of new births will not be sufficient to compensate for the number of parents. If the total fertility rate continues to be low, even if the total fertility rate can remain stable, the birth rate [2] will decrease year by year, and there will be three characteristics: the growth rate of the total population will slow down, the proportion of the working-age population will decline, and the proportion of the elderly population will increase, and the population structure will age.

China's total fertility rate fell below in 1992 and remained there for a long time after 1995. In recent years, many studies have pointed out that there has been an aging trend in China, and the results of the seventh population census confirm this judgment. At present, the current situation of China's population shows three characteristics under the trend of aging.

First, the growth rate of the total population has slowed further. In 2020, China's total population was 100 million people, and the total population increased between 2010 and 2020, which was lower than that in 2000-2010 (, significantly lower than in 1982-1990 (and 1990-2000 (.

Table 1: The trend of China's total population changes from the census results.

Second, the proportion of the working-age population has declined. After 1964, the proportion of China's population aged 15-64 (this age group is generally regarded as the working age) continued to rise, from 1964 to 2010, and the "demographic dividend" became an important support for rapid economic growth. However, the census found that the proportion of the working-age population has not only declined for the first time, but has also fallen significantly (which will undoubtedly pose a challenge to future economic growth).

Table 2: Proportion and trend of population by age group in China (unit: %)

Third, the proportion of the elderly population has increased significantly. Judging from the results of the previous censuses, although the proportion of China's population over 65 years old (generally regarded as the elderly population) continues to increase, the growth rate generally does not exceed two percentage points per decade. However, according to this census, the proportion of the elderly population not only exceeded 10% for the first time (reached), but also increased by as much as one percentage point, indicating that the aging of the population is accelerating.

From the perspective of China's own history, this rate is getting faster and faster, and if we compare it internationally, we will find that the rate of aging in China is also relatively fast. The proportion of people aged 65 and over has a global ranking, based on the World Bank's statistics on more than 200 countries and economies around the world. In 1960, China ranked around 75th, and in 2015, it ranked 60th.

China's population is aging faster than the average trend, so it is moving up the ranking. The proportion of the population aged 65 and over has risen from 5% to 10%, and how long has it taken for several major aging countries, and now the most serious problem with aging is Japan, which has taken 35 years to go from 5% to 10%. In second place is Italy, which has taken at least 5 years to go from 10% to 100%, which is a very long time.

China took only 30 years, five years shorter than Japan. Our aging is also very rapid from an international perspective.

The current situation of Chinese population aging is that China has entered an aging population, and this demographic status is and will affect China's social, economic and other fields for a long time. In order to better cope with the aging of the population, it is necessary to analyze the crises and opportunities brought by the aging population to China, and find appropriate policies and measures based on the current situation of China, so as to promote the healthy development of China's economy and society.

The pressure of population aging during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is greater than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The 1962-1976 baby boomer population will age in the next 5-10 years. It is expected to enter a super-aging society with more than 20% of the population around 2033, and then continue to rise rapidly to 35% in 2060.

The aging trend of Chinese population will show five major characteristics

1. The elderly population is huge. In 2020, China's elderly population over 65 years old will reach 100 million, accounting for the total population, and one in every four elderly people in the world is a Chinese. It is estimated that the number of people over 65 years old in China will reach a peak of 100 million in 2057, accounting for a proportion of the total population.

2. The aging rate is fast. In 2001, China's population over 65 years old exceeded 7%, marking the entry into an aging society, and it took 21 years of prudence to enter the deep aging in 2021, when the population aged 65 and above accounted for more than 14%, which is shorter than 126 years in France, 46 years in the United Kingdom, and 40 years in Pisson, Germany.

3. The problems of aging and empty nesting are becoming increasingly prominent. In 2020, China's population aged 80 and above was 36.6 million, and it is expected to increase to 100 million in 2050.

4. The old-age dependency ratio has risen sharply, and the burden of old-age care has increased. The old-age dependency ratio in 2020 is expected to exceed 50% by 2050, which means that every two young people need to support one elderly person. Raising the elderly and raising children is costly, and young people are under pressure at both ends.

5. Grow old before you get rich. Chinese's per capita GDP is close to the lower limit of developed economies, but the degree of aging has exceeded the average level of middle- and high-income economies, and will face dual pressures of economic growth and pension burden.