Methods of surveying species richness, why is the survey of species richness not averaged?

Visually estimated, needless to say, look at the eyes, how much is in an area.

Counting is when you stay in one place and look at the species around you. Remember the name, the quantity.

The method is to take a random square of land (of course, it must be representative) and then what is in this square. Then you know the area you want to measure, and the multiplication result comes out. (mostly used in plants).

Marker refill is only used on animals. Let's say you catch 10 rabbits and submit them, mark them and put them back in their original habitat. Catch n rabbits in a few days and see what percentage of them are marked.

The density of a species refers to the number of organisms of the same species, while the richness refers to the number of species, i.e., how many species there are, and the more species, the greater the richness.

Methods for investigating species density are:

1.Individual-by-one counting – when surveying populations with small distributions and large individuals.

2.The estimation method ——— when surveying populations with a large distribution range and small individuals. There are sample methods, sign recapture methods, black lights.

Entrapment method. Scope of application of sample method: plant population density, insect egg density, aphids.

the density of the hoppers, etc.

Commonly used sampling: point sampling method, equidistant sampling method.

Scope of application of the Marker Recapture Method: mammals.

Birds, reptiles.

Animals such as amphibians, fish, and insects.

Scope of application of black light trapping method: suitable for phototaxis insects.

Statistical methods for investigating the species richness of small animals in soil: visual estimation and notation. Commonly used sampler sampling methods for collection and investigation.

Methods for investigating species richness are: (the method is similar).

1.Visual estimates.

2.Count by name, stay in one place and then look at the species around you. Remember the name, the quantity.

3.To do this, take a random square of land (of course, to be representative) and then what is within this square. Then you know the area you want to measure, and the results will come out as soon as you multiply the decency. (mostly used in plants).

4.Marker refill is only used on animals. For example, if you catch 10 rabbits, mark them, and put them back in their original habitat. Catch n rabbits in a few days and see what percentage of them are marked.

Methods for investigating the richness of small fauna in soils are as follows:

Sampler Sampling Survey Method. Many soil fauna are highly mobile and small, making them unsuitable for investigation by sampling methods or marker re-hunting. Sampler sampling methods commonly used to investigate small animals in soil. It is best to observe with a solid mirror.

Precautions for the study of the richness of small animal groups in soil:

1) Soil samples collected from different nutrient environments should be counted separately.

2) Collect as many critters as you can. When collecting small animals, they are collected according to the light-avoidance and hygrotropia of organisms in the soil.

3) Samples collected from the same nutrient soil were statistically compared among multiple groups.

4) Identification and naming should be accurate and classified.

5) Stay away from danger zones and do not damage the local environment.

Tip: The purpose of leaving a certain gap between the wall of the pot and the soil placed in it is to facilitate air circulation. Device A is mainly used to collect soil animals from the habit of avoiding light, high temperature and humidity.

Soil animals collected with device B can be placed in an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 70% or in a test tube.

Experimental process: (1) Ask the question: Is the species richness the same in the soil in different regions?

2) Make a plan: including steps, time, place, content, methods, remarks, etc.

3) Preparation of the implementation plan: make a sampler and record the main conditions of the topography and environment of the survey site. Sampling:

Select the sampling site, take soil samples with a sampler, and indicate the sampling location, time, etc. Collection: Collect small animals from soil samples.

Observation and classification: Classify and record the collected animals. Design statistical tables for data collection and analyze the collected data.

4) It was concluded that the dominant species that made up different communities were different, and the species richness of different communities was different. In general, the more favorable the environmental conditions, the longer the community develops, the more species, and the more complex the community structure.

The methods used to investigate the richness of soil small animals are as follows:

1. Make a sampler, which can be directly used in cans or simple small containers.

2. Dig up a part of the soil with a sampler, then compact the sampler and shovel it out.

3. One method that can be used, insect traps, mainly uses the characteristics of small insects that are afraid of light.

Additional Notes:

Many soil fauna are highly mobile and have small bodies, making them unsuitable for sampling or marker rehunting.

line survey. When conducting this type of research, the method of sampling with a sampler is commonly used for collection and investigation. That is, with a certain specification.

Insect traps (e.g., collection tanks, flukes, etc.) are used to take samples and speculate by investigating the type and number of small animals in the sample.

The abundance of soil fauna in an area.

There are usually two statistical methods for richness: one is the nominal calculation method; The second is the visual estimation method. Nominalized arithmetic refers to the in.

In a certain area of sample plots, the number of individuals in each group is directly counted, which is generally used to have large dry individuals and limited populations.

of the community. Visual estimation is an estimate of the number of individuals per unit area based on a predetermined abundance scale. Grade.

The division and representation methods are: "very much, more, more, less, less, very little" pens and so on. Plan accordingly.

Just fill in the form.

Species diversity can be measured by the frequency of the distribution of species numbers within a certain spatial range, and is often expressed by species richness.

The species richness index is the species diversity index, that is, the Simpson diversity index is calculated by the formula of d=1- (ni n) 2 ( s above, i = 1 below) where d is the diversity index, n is the total number of individuals of all species, ni is the number of individuals of the ith species, and s is the number of species (number of species).

You're getting the notion wrong, species richness doesn't refer to the number of species, but to the number of species.

For example, if there are 3,000 mice in a certain area of area A, and there are no other organisms, and there are 300 mice in a certain area of area B, plus 30 cats, and 3 wolves, then the species richness of B is richer than that of A.

I read the volume.

As can be confirmed from the table, (icon omitted).

a.Data were obtained using sampling methods in areas with abundant plants.

The sample survey must be randomly samplingIn areas rich in plants, the principle of random selection is not met) bThe density of all groups in the typical grassland is greater than that in the desert steppe (the density of all groups is greater than that of the absolute) cThe total energy flowing through the meadow steppe is greater than that of the typical steppe.

The area is not given, if the area of the typical grassland is much larger than the meadow grassland, the total energy is the size of the typical grassland).

d.The abundance of xerophytes in the desert steppe was the highest.

The total vegetation is 160, 100, 80 and the proportion of xerophytes is 25%., the number of xerophytes is 40

The abundance of xerophytes in the desert steppe is the highest)

1. Visual estimation, look at the eyes, how much is in the approximate area;

2. Counting by name means staying in one place and not moving, then looking at the surrounding species, remembering the name and quantity;

3. Sample method, a random square of land (mostly used for plants, to be representative);

4. Marking recapture method, generally used for animals.