The expression of the poetry is more than xing

According to Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems", "the one who is endowed is also perfunctory, and the one who is perfunctory and straightforward is also".That is to say, Fu is a straightforward narrative. It is the most basic method of expression.

For example, "Death and life are broad, and Zicheng said." Holding the hand of the son, growing old with the son", that is, directly expressing his feelings.

Than", in Zhu Xi's interpretation, is "to compare this thing with other things", that is, the meaning of metaphor. There are many places where metaphors are used in the Book of Songs, and the techniques are also full of variations. For example, "Hooligans" uses the change of mulberry trees from flourishing to withering to metaphorize the rise and fall of love; "Crane Song" uses "the stones of other mountains can attack jade" to metaphorically use sages to govern the country; "Shuoren" continuously uses "葇荑" to describe the hands of beauties, "coagulation" to metaphor the skin of beauties, "gourd" to metaphor for beauties' teeth, and so on, all of which are good examples of using "comparison" in the "Book of Songs".

"Fu" and "Bi" are the most basic expressions in all poetry.

"Xing" is a relatively unique technique in the Book of Songs and even in Chinese poetry. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "Qi", so it is also called "Qixing", which plays an important role in rendering the atmosphere and creating artistic conception in poetry. The "xing" in the "Book of Songs", according to Zhu Xi's interpretation, is "to foretell other things to cause the words to be sung", that is, to use other things to pave the way for the content of the sung.

It is often used at the beginning of a poem or chapter of poetry. Sometimes when a sentence in a poem seems to be exciting, you can use whether it is used at the beginning of the sentence or paragraph to determine whether it is exciting. For example, in Weifeng and Gangster, "Mulberry has not fallen, and its Ye Woruo" is Xing.

About the most primitive "Xing" is just a kind of origin, which has no meaningful relationship with the following, showing the gratuitous drift of thoughts and associations. Just like Qin Feng's "Morning Wind", the beginning "Chenfeng Bi, Yubi Beilin", and the following "I haven't seen a gentleman, I am worried about Qinqin", it is difficult to find the meaning connection between them. Although it is possible that this example is incomprehensible due to the gap between the times, it must be a situation.

Even in modern songs, you can still see such a "Xing".

Further, "xing" has more practical uses such as metaphor, symbolism, and accentuation. But it is precisely because "xing" was originally produced by the gratuitous drift and association of thoughts, so even if it has a more tangible meaning, it is not so fixed and rigid, but ethereal and subtle. For example, at the beginning of "Guan Ju", "Guan Guan Ju Dove, in the River Island", the poet originally borrowed the foreground objects to raise up the following "My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good", but Guan Ju and Ming can also be a metaphor for male and female courtship, or the harmonious love between men and women, but its metaphor is not so clear and certain.

Another example is the poem "Peach Yao", the beginning of the "peach is dying, scorching its flower", which writes the beautiful atmosphere when the peach blossoms bloom in spring, which can be said to be realistic, but it can also be understood as a metaphor for the bride's beauty, and it can be said that this is to set off the warm atmosphere at the time of marriage. Because "Xing" is such a subtle and freely usable technique, later generations of poets who like the subtle and euphemistic rhyme of poetry are particularly interested in it, and they are clever in their own skills, turning over the old and bringing forth the new, and so on, constituting a special flavor of classical Chinese poetry.

Can you distinguish the difference between the common expressions in the Book of Songs, comparison, and xing?

Examples of the use of the Fu Bixing technique in the Book of Songs:

1. "Death and life are broad, and Zicheng says; Holding the hand of the son, growing old with the son", that is, directly expressing his feelings.

Assignment, that is, direct statement, direct description of the situation, direct expression of the mind, direct writing of the characters, direct narration, direct writing of the scene. It's a question that tells us "what". Before the Tang Dynasty, people were more endowed, but later they became more and more subtle and gave less.

2. The "Hooligans" in the "Book of Songs" uses the change of mulberry trees from flourishing to withering to metaphorize the rise and fall of love.

3. "Guan Ju" at the beginning of "Guan Ju dove, in the river island", is the poet borrowing the foreground to raise the following "fair lady, gentleman is good", Guan Ju and Ming, can also be a metaphor for male and female courtship or harmonious love between men and women.

Xing, as an artistic technique, is mainly used to render the atmosphere, touch the shadows, and sometimes play a harmonious role in the syllables. It is often a question of "what comes to mind".

Fu is the basic technique of ancient poetry along with Bixing. Fu Chen, a lay-out, paving, is the abbreviation of paving, arrangement. In longer poems, the arrangement and arrangement are often combined.

The paving system composes a series of closely related landscape images, state of affairs, characters and character behaviors into a group of sentences with basically the same structure and tone in a certain order.

It can not only be vividly and delicately laid out, but also can be concentrated, strengthen the tone, and can also render a certain environment, atmosphere and mood. In the fu body, especially in the rich and gorgeous Han Fu, the fu method is widely used.

Poetry is a concept of poetry interpretation in ancient poetic theory, which has developed into a concept of appreciation of poetry and literature. Speaking from Dong Zhongshu's "Spring and Autumn Dew", "Da Xu" means an exact exhortation or explanation. In art appreciation, because the meaning of the poem is often not revealed, or even "the interest arises here, and the righteousness returns to the other", coupled with the different psychological and emotional states of the connoisseurs, the same poem often has different interpretations due to the different connoisseurs.

Therefore, "poetry without attainment" was extended to the difference in aesthetic appreciation in later generations.

1. The expression technique of "Fu":

For example, "Wei Feng Hooligans" describes the process of a woman in ancient times from falling in love, to marriage, and breaking up;

Hooligans, hugging cloth trade silk. Bandits come to trade silk, and I seek to come. —Write in the style of fu that a man proposes to a woman. The man smiled and played a little trick, pretending to sell silk, and proposed to the hostess.

On the one hand, the man is a little hippie and smiling and not very serious, and on the other hand, this man is eager to propose marriage and does not hesitate to take risks in disguise. This description not only shows the man's cunning and eagerness, but also lays the groundwork and contrasts with the marriage tragedy of the two below.

2. The expression technique of "ratio":

The mulberry has not fallen, and its leaves have collapsed early" - with mulberry pants to lift the moist and bright leaves, a metaphor for the woman's beautiful face. Another saying is that the lush mulberry leaves are used as a metaphor for the time when men are emotionally vigorous.

The fall of the mulberry is yellow and falling" - the withered yellow of the mulberry leaves is a metaphor for the haggard and abandoned woman. From the green mulberry leaves to the yellow fall of the mulberry leaves, it not only shows the age of the woman from prosperity to decline, but also hints at the passage of time. The other is a metaphor for the decline of men's affection.

Yu dove, no mulberry; In the sighing girl, there is no wait" - mulberries are sweet, and doves are easy to get drunk if they eat too much; The metaphor of love is beautiful, and people who are obsessed with it are easy to be deceived. Men can still be relieved by indulging in love, but once women fall in love, they can't break free. What a painful language!

3. The expression technique of "Xing":

The two chapters of "Hooligans" - these two chapters are mainly lyrical, and the poem is written from the mulberry tree, from the poet's youth and beauty to the decline of her body, and at the same time reveals the man's journey from love to disgust with her.

The mulberry has not fallen, and its leaves are woruo", with the moist and bright mulberry leaves, it is a metaphor for the beautiful face of the woman. The fall of the mulberry is yellow and falling" - the withered yellow of the mulberry leaves is a metaphor for the haggard and abandoned woman.

For example, "July" describes the life of a farmer in the twelve months of the year, which is to use the endowment. The use of comparison in the Book of Songs is very extensive and easy to understand. Among them, the whole is a figurative poem that expresses feelings in a simulacrum technique, such as "Wei Feng Shuo Mouse" and "Xiao Ya Crane Song", which are unique

And the use of comparison in part of a poem is even richer.

He linked the technique of "comparison" with the external world, and believed that "comparison" was a metaphorical technique in rhetoric to compare things with other things, and "xing" was a technique of "rising", that is, a technique of entrusting "plants, trees, birds and beasts to insight". Although the exposition is relatively simple, on the whole, it captures the characteristics of "Bixing", an artistic method of thinking and maintaining peace.