What is the main basis for determining the quarantine objects of hazardous plant diseases, insects a

The principle of determining the object of plant quarantine: in China, the object of plant quarantine refers to the plant diseases, insects and weeds that shall not be spread in the national laws, regulations and rules. So, what kind of plant diseases and pests can be determined as plant quarantine objects?

Article 4 of the "Plant Quarantine Regulations" clearly stipulates that "all diseases, insects and weeds that occur locally and are dangerous and can be transmitted with plants and their products shall be designated as plant quarantine objects". That is to say, there must be three conditions for being listed as a phytosanitary object: first, it occurs locally; Second, it is dangerous; Third, it can be artificially spread with seeds and seedlings, and the three conditions are indispensable.

First, local occurrence refers to the occurrence of local areas nationwide. It may have occurred in your area, but in order to prevent it from spreading to other areas, it must be designated as a quarantine object, that is, a national quarantine object, and even in individual areas where the occurrence is more common, it is necessary to actively take prevention and eradication measures to minimize the occurrence to reduce the loss of the region and reduce the possibility of outward spread.

Second, why is it necessary to make high risk one of the conditions for determining phytosanitary objects? What does it mean to be dangerous? In nature, local distribution, can be with plants and their products artificially spread diseases, insects, weeds man-made, a considerable part of which do not have much harm to human beings, there is no need to list them as plant quarantine objects, and after being listed as quarantine objects, it is necessary to keep up with a series of quarantine measures.

For example, the demarcation of epidemic areas or protected areas, the prohibition or restriction of the transportation of host plants and their products, etc., not only need to consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but also play a certain role in restricting the exchange and circulation of agricultural products and the development of foreign tourism and tourism. Therefore, the formulation of quarantine objects must evaluate the hazards of diseases, insects and weeds from the aspects of economic, social and ecological benefits. Therefore, the magnitude of danger is one of the important conditions for determining the phytosanitary object.

The danger has the following meanings: once it occurs or is introduced, it is difficult to prevent and control; There will be significant economic losses to local production; The area has suitable conditions for these diseases, insects and weeds. Diseases, insects and weeds that are impossible to spread with plants and plant products, have weak adaptability, and are easy to control do not need to be designated as phytosanitary objects.

Third, the ability to spread with plants and their products refers to the spread of diseases, insects and weeds from one area to another through human activities. For example, many plant pests (diseases, insects, weeds) can lurk inside plant seeds and seedlings, adhere to the appearance of seeds, seedlings and plant products, or mix in seeds and plant products, and spread over long distances with transportation, mail or carrying. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of agricultural production, various domestic and foreign activities, and the increasingly frequent exchange of plant resources, the problem of artificially transmitted diseases, insects and weeds has become more prominent.

Moreover, due to the development of modern means of transportation, international and domestic transportation of goods and personnel exchanges, the artificial spread of pests can be completely free from the restrictions of natural geographical barriers, so it can be artificially spread with plants and their plant products is another important condition for determining the object of plant quarantine.

Generally speaking, the quarantine diseases will change every year, which depends on the list published by the Ministry of Agriculture of China every year. At present, there are 24 kinds of quarantine diseases in China, including 8 kinds of fungi, 7 kinds of bacteria, 5 kinds of viruses, and 4 kinds of diseases caused by nematodes, which are: 1. Wheat dwarf smut and wheat Indian smut 2, tobacco downy mildew 3, corn downy mildew 4, soybean blight 5, potato cancer 6, alfalfa verticillium wilt 7, elm wilt 8, pear fire blight 9, corn bacterial wilt 10, citrus huanglongbing 11, coconut lethal yellowing 12, bean bacterial wilt 13, Rice bacterial stripe spot disease 14, root cancer disease 15, tomato ring spot virus 16, southern bean mosaic virus 17, broad bean staining virus 18, caryophyllum ring spot virus 19, potato broom top virus disease 20, potato cyst nematode 21, banana perforation nematode 22, pine wood nematode 23, bulbobulb stem nematode.

In general, the annual quarantine of bai is du.

There will be some changes, which depends on the annual list of famous dao published by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. At present, there are 24 kinds of quarantine obligate diseases in China, including 8 kinds of fungi, 7 kinds of bacteria, 5 kinds of viruses, and 4 kinds of diseases caused by nematodes

1. Wheat dwarf smut and wheat Indian smut 2. Tobacco downy mildew.

3. Downy mildew of corn.

4. Soybean blight.

5. Potato cancer.

6. Alfalfa verticillium wilt.

7. Elm blight.

8. Pear fire blight.

9. Bacterial wilt disease of corn.

10. Citrus huanglongbing.

11. Coconut kills yellowing.

12. Phaseolus vulgaris bacterial wilting disease.

13. Rice bacterial stripe spot disease.

14. Root cancer.

15. Tomato ring spot virus.

16. Southern Phaseolus vulgaris mosaic virus.

17. Broad bean staining virus.

18. Caryophyllum ringspot virus.

19. Potato broom top virus disease.

20. Potato cyst nematode.

21. Banana perforated nematode.

22. Pine wood nematode.

23. Bulbs nematodes.

Phytosanitary diseases are a class of diseases (dangerous, locally occurring, and human-spread), and the purpose of quarantine is to eliminate the import and export of dangerous pathogens.

The domestic quarantine objects are: poplar moth, poplar dry elephant, poplar round step, oyster scale, Japanese pine dry scale, pine round mosquito, American white moth, purple locust bean elephant, caragana bean elephant, larch seed broad-shouldered wasp, Coptis chinensis seed wasp, larch blight, paulownia bush branch disease, chestnut blight, jujube madness, bamboo blight, pine scar rust, poplar mosaic leaf disease, pine wilt (pine wilt disease), foreign pine brown rice disease.

The external quarantine objects are: Pine protrusion scale, American elm stupid, American white moth, pine brown longhorn beetle, European elm small stupid, European large elm small stupid, pine wood nematode, and Dong"Fusarium wilt, chestnut blight, poplar bacterial canker, elm blight.

Hello, glad to answer for you. The content of plant quarantine work is compared with the general plant pest control work: first, the executor is different, the executor of quarantine pest control is the quarantine agency and quarantine personnel, and the executor of general pest control is the pest control institution and the control personnel; Second, the value orientation is different, the quarantine and pest control treatment focuses on the overall and long-term interests, the economic efficiency chain and material benefits are compensated from the future annihilation of ecological benefits, and the general pest control considers the current and local interests, and pays attention to economic benefits without affecting the ecological benefits; Third, the treatment strategies are different, quarantine and pest control treatment requires complete elimination, that is, TPM strategy, and general pest control allows a small number of pests and diseases, that is, IPM strategy; Fourth, the management objects are different, the management objects of quarantine and pest control treatment are dangerous pests and diseases and their carriers, and the management objects of general pest control are the local main shed to change the liquid to pests and diseases and their carriers; Fifth, the methods are different, the quarantine and pesticide treatment is mainly based on chemical control, and the general pest control does not emphasize a single control method, and implements comprehensive control; Sixth, the treatment time is different, quarantine and pest control requires timely discovery and timely elimination, and general pest control focuses on the best time for prevention and control.

The phytosanitary regulations are the legal basis for the phytosanitary work of the open source exhibition, and it has a () key.

a.Binding and demonstrative.

b.Exemplary.

c.Mandatory and enforceable.

d.Execution.

Correct hail bright collapse answer: c

Legal Analysis:1The scope of quarantined items mainly includes the following three categories, the first two categories belong to the legal provisions, and the third category is determined by the plant quarantine authorities according to the needs of the epidemic.

Legal basis: "Plant Quarantine Regulations" Article 7 The transfer of plants and plant products must be quarantined under the following circumstances: (1) Included in the list of plants and plant products that should be quarantined, they must be quarantined before being transported out of the county-level administrative area where the epidemic occurs; (2) All seeds, seedlings and other propagating materials, regardless of whether they are included in the list of plants subject to quarantine and the list of plant products and where they are transported, must be quarantined before being transported.

Article 11 Seeds, seedlings and other breeding units of the spilled materials must be established in a planned way without plant quarantine objects of the seedling breeding base, mother forest base. Seeds, seedlings and other propagating materials for testing and promotion shall not carry plant quarantine objects. Plant quarantine agencies should implement quarantine at the place of origin.