What are the aspects of the traditional Chinese view of nature?

For example, the unity of heaven and man. The ancient Chinese believed that "heaven and man are one", that is, human beings and nature are one. The ancient Chinese had an extraordinary admiration for nature and an infinite yearning for the harmony between humans and nature.

Lao Tzu said, "Heaven and earth are unkind."

Take all things as dogs.

In Western philosophical and theological thought, human beings are created by God to govern the natural world, and human beings are above other living beings. Plants and animals are believed to have been created by God as food for humans. God has given humans the right to dominate nature.

Value significance. In the history of world civilization, only the Chinese civilization has never been interrupted.

In the course of thousands of years of development, a unique cultural system has been formed, whether it is philosophy, aesthetics, art or people's way of life, which is also different from other civilizations, the most significant difference, the fundamental reason is the influence of traditional Chinese view of nature.

The traditional view of nature embodies Chinese culture.

The ideological characteristics of the harmony and unity between "man" and nature not only affect traditional Chinese culture.

The development and evolution also have profound reference significance for modern cultural design.

The above content refers to the Encyclopedia - Traditional View of Nature.

The above content refers to CNKI - Research on the Design Value and Significance of Traditional Chinese View of Nature.

The "mutual benefit between heaven and man" concept of nature refers to the normal relationship between heaven and man, and between man and nature, which is a stable and peaceful, harmonious and beautiful normal relationship, that is, the community relationship of the unity of heaven and man. It dialectically expounds the order of heaven and man, the relationship of tolerance, the principle of harmony, the law of moderation and the law of change. Emphasizing people's subjective initiative, calling for people's self-discipline and reflection, and awakening people's moral conscience.

"Heaven and man mutual" is a modern dialectical philosophical concept, which is an evolution and variation on the basis of the ancient simple philosophical thought of "the unity of heaven and man". In practice, it is of practical value and future significance to discuss what kind of ideal relationship between heaven and man should be, and how human beings should maintain a harmonious relationship with the natural world.

For example, the unity of heaven and man, the ancient Chinese believed that the unity of heaven and man and human beings and resources are one, the ancient Chinese had an extraordinary worship of nature, as well as the infinite yearning for the harmony between human beings and resources, Lao Tzu said that heaven and earth are not benevolent, and all things are dogs.

It can be understood in two parts, one is dialectical materialism, and the other is the view of nature and history.

Dialectical materialism is a Marxist philosophy, a scientific world outlook that organically unifies materialism and dialectics. Dialectical materialism holds that the world is material in nature. Engels said:

The true unity of the world lies in its materiality".(Anti-Dühring, Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. III, p. 83) Matter is primary, consciousness is secondary, consciousness is a highly developed substance, the function of the human brain, and the reflection of the objective material world in the human brain. Dialectical materialism holds that the material world moves, changes, and develops according to its own inherent laws, and that "everything is divided into two."

It reveals that the fundamental reason for the development of things lies in the contradictions within them. The contradictions between the two sides of things are unified and struggled, and things are constantly developing from the lower level to the higher level.

The view of nature is also the general understanding of the natural world. It generally includes people's fundamental views on the origin of the natural world, the laws of evolution, the structure, and the relationship between man and nature.

The view of nature is the basis of people's understanding of the whole world, so any systematic philosophy must contain a systematic view of nature that is adapted to it.

The concept of nature The concept of history in philosophy is not concrete, but an abstract concept.

The traditional Chinese view of nature refers to a series of ideological concepts and theories about natural phenomena that were formed mainly in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and had a profound impact on the development of China's view of nature for thousands of years. The word "nature" in ancient China had the meaning of being natural and natural.

The naïve view of nature, which was formed in the ancient Greek period, is the various views of philosophers on nature at that time. To clean up all kinds of naïve views of nature, there are two main tendencies: materialism and idealism. The idealist philosophers of ancient Greece viewed nature mainly as some mysterious idea or number.

Due to the differences in geographical and cultural backgrounds, there is a major gap between the traditional Chinese view of nature and the simple view of nature in ancient Greece. Although China's traditional view of nature also has pragmatism in the service of people, it mainly emphasizes the ideological tradition of living in harmony with nature and the unity of nature and man.

The traditional Chinese view of nature is the unity of heaven and man, the humanized nature and man themselves are the same, while the ancient Greek view of nature is different, the ancient Greek view of nature from the beginning showed a metaphysical attitude that transcends perceptual things, while the traditional Chinese view of nature for the perceptual nature to experience life, Western philosophers try to transcend this perceptual experience, abstracting it into individual elements and rational speculative systems, Chinese philosophy mentions nature, such as the Book of Changes, Ancient Greek philosophies often refer to nature, such as pre-Socratic philosophy, which often abstracts the perceptual and heterogeneous natural world into an immutable primordial primordial, and atomists such as Democritus, and of course, philosophers like Aristotle have excluded experience from their sight and focused on exploring the eternal nature of metaphysics.

Ancient naïve view of nature: taking fire or water as the origin of the world, for example, Thales, one of the seven sages of ancient Greece, believed that the physiological changes of "group yin" aquatic animals in ancient China were synchronized with the lunar cycle

The view of nature is the general view of the natural world.

is an integral part of the worldview.

Materialism holds that the natural world is an objective material world that exists independently of human consciousness.

Idealism holds that the natural world is a product of spirit or God.

Dialectical materialism believes that the natural world is a material world in eternal motion, change, and development; All phenomena in nature are opposites and unity, and they transform each other under certain conditions; The development of the natural world is the premise and foundation of the development of human society; The basis of man's understanding of the natural world is the changes in the natural world caused by man.

The organic view of nature also existed in the cultures of other ancient peoples other than Greece, such as the Chinese Taoist view of nature, the Indian Buddhist view of nature, and so on.

These ancient views of nature, although expressed in different forms, are in the same vein in the view that nature is a whole full of inner vitality and vitality.

The organic view of nature and the understanding of the relationship between man and nature led by the knowledge of nature are preserved in ancient philosophy in the form of concepts, and at the same time, as a realistic cultural behavior is embodied in human practice, the classic expression of the mechanistic view of nature is Descartes's dualism.

According to Descartes, there are two entities in nature at the same time: mind and matter.

It defines an entity as: "An entity can only be seen as something that exists on its own, and its existence does not depend on anything else." 3 In Descartes' view, mind and matter are parallel entities that are not dependent on each other, do not determine each other, and do not derive from each other.

The property of matter is extensiveness, and the attribute of mind is thinking.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, due to the advent of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, the concepts of mass, space, time, energy, etc. in physics underwent fundamental changes, and the stability assumed by the mechanism theory based on classical mechanics was denied.

In the view of modern physics, the world is a unity composed of "events" in a certain space-time relationship, and events are only a synthesis of multiple relationships.

At the same time, quantum theory proves that energy is mass, and matter is nothing more than a way of vibrating.

With the help of the achievements of modern physics, the British philosopher Whitehead established a "philosophy of organism" with the concepts of "event" and "process" as the core, also known as the "process philosophy of activity" on the basis of summarizing the explorations of Bergson and others.

Whitehead systematically critiques the mechanistic view of nature as the sum or accumulation of objects, arguing that nature should be understood as the process of creation and evolution of living organisms, as a synthesis or organic connection of many events.

He said: "The basic spirit of the theory of modernity is to explain the evolutionary process of the relatively simple pre-body state to the complex body.

Therefore, this theory urgently requires an idea of the organism as the basis of nature.

It also requires a latent activity (physical activity) to manifest itself in the individual organism manifestation state and evolve in the organism to achieve the state. 9 Philosophy of organism or process philosophy is a new philosophy of nature that is opposed to the mechanistic view of nature, which reaffirms the concept of living organism in the ancient view of nature in the context of modern knowledge, and thus becomes one of the important theories of contemporary environmental philosophy.

Overall intuitiveness, simplicity, speculation, speculation, dialectic.

The basic characteristic of the ancient view of nature is the overall intuition, which is that people regard the natural world as a whole and make direct observations from the overall and macroscopic aspects. Simplicity, simplicity is the use of simple principles to explain complex natural phenomena; Speculative, speculative is the use of the power of imagination and speculation to reason and generalize without obtaining sufficient scientific facts; Speculative, speculative is to use the reasoning, guessing and imagination of the human brain to explain the complex natural phenomena of the hypothetical nature; Dialectic, dialectic, is to find the driving force of the quarrel and its change and development from the two attributes or factors of the struggle of opposites.

The ancient view of nature belongs to ancient Chinese natural philosophy, which has rich dialectical characteristics, a deep atheistic tradition, a holistic consciousness of the connection between nature and society, and a continuous view of the ascension of qi ontology.