How to grow in greenhouses? What are the precautions when planting?

Choose the right land, build a greenhouse, pay attention to the temperature in the greenhouse, pay attention to the construction of the keel, pay attention to the condition of the soil, choose the right variety of plants for planting according to the local environment, pay attention to watering, pay attention to light, pay attention to ventilation.

First of all, when planting, we must choose the soil is more fertile and broad land, and we must use farmhouse fertilizer when fertilizing, do not use the fertilizer bought outside, and often water the plants, but also to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, if there are small insects, then we must spray insecticides in time.

Reasonable layout, level the land, add some bottom fertilizer in the soil, and the span of the greenhouse is generally about 12 meters.

The indoor temperature should not be too high, not too low, and a variety of fertilizers should be combined when fertilizing to provide enough nutrients for vegetables, but not too much, too much will burn the root system.

When planting winter melon in winter in early spring, we must prepare warm measures, because winter melon is a little afraid of cold, we must do a good job of cold protection and heat preservation, and winter melon seeds must be sterilized in advance, so as to ensure the reduction of pests and diseases in the future, and ensure that winter melon can grow normally, which is the key point to improve quality, and must not be blurred.

Hello dear, glad to answer for you. 1.When planting winter melon in winter in early spring, we must prepare warm measures, because winter melon is a little afraid of cold, we must do a good job of cold protection and heat preservation, and winter melon seeds must be sterilized in advance, so as to ensure the reduction of pests and diseases in the future, and ensure that winter melon can grow normally, which is the key point to improve quality, and must not be blurred.

2.In early spring, loofah is planted in the greenhouse in about November, and it can be harvested from February to March of the following year, but it is necessary to ensure that the greenhouse has good lighting and thermal insulation performance to meet the growth requirements of the loofah in winter.

3.Tomato planting winter tomato is focused on keeping warm, the most suitable temperature for tomato is 22-28 during the day and 15-18 at night. In the whole growth and development period of the daytime higher than 32 or lower than 12, the tomato growth is not good, greenhouse tomatoes, if the daytime is higher than 32 degrees, to release the air outlet, night temperature below 15 degrees to close the air outlet.

4. Lentils are cultivated in winter warm greenhouses, with a long growth period and a large amount of fertilizer, so basal fertilizer should be reapplied. After sowing and before emergence, the temperature should be kept at 25-30 to promote seedling emergence*. In the severe winter, if there are continuous cloudy days or severe cold weather, the temperature should be increased.

Hello dear! What vegetables are suitable for growing in greenhouses this season? Generally, the vegetables suitable for planting in the greenhouse in this season are some garlic seedlings, sand wo radish, coriander, empty oil and wheat cabbage, spinach, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, peas, wuta-tsai and so on.

Now let's take a simple example, for example: growing garlic seedlings in greenhouses. Garlic sprouts are a staple vegetable and seasoning dish in winter.

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1. It is not advisable to apply a large amount of uncooked cake fertilizer. Because cake fertilizer contains more nitrogen, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is small, and the decomposition is fast, it is easy to produce high temperature and high concentration of ammonia and organic acids locally, and it is easy to burn roots. The cake fertilizer should be broken and added to the crushed straw, soaked in appropriate water for about 3 5 weeks, and then used after high temperature fermentation.

2. It is not suitable to apply fertilizers containing more chlorine. It can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, make the quality of vegetables deteriorate, reduce the yield, and chloride ions remain in the soil, which can lead to soil acidification and easily cause soil decalcification.

3. It is not suitable to fertilize under arid conditions. Vegetables are water-loving crops, and fertilizing when the soil is dry, not only can not give full play to the fertilizer effect, but also will make the concentration of soil solution rise suddenly, which is easy to make vegetables burn roots. Therefore, vegetable fertilization should be combined with irrigation, or ditching and fertilization, and then irrigating after the fertilizer is buried tightly, or topdressing along the water.

4. It is not advisable to apply potassium fertilizer in the later stage of vegetable growth. Vegetables generally need more potassium fertilizer before and after flowering, and gradually decrease later.

5. It is not advisable to spray potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer at the same time. Potassium and calcium are not easily absorbed by vegetable leaves, so spraying at the same time should be avoided, but it is more appropriate to spray boron and calcium, zinc and iron together.

6. It is not advisable to apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer at one time. In winter, the soil temperature is low, the root absorption capacity is slightly poor, a large amount of fertilizer is applied at one time, the root system can absorb very little, and the fertilizer gradually accumulated in the soil will in turn deteriorate the soil properties and reduce the root absorption capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to eat small and frequent meals when applying fertilizer in winter.

1. Strengthen ventilation and reduce the temperature of the shed. When vegetable farmers plant summer vegetables, in order to avoid high temperature obstacles in the greenhouse, they should pay attention to opening all the upper and lower air outlets of the greenhouse, so that the cold air outside the shed enters the shed, and the hot air in the shed forms a convection flow to accelerate the discharge of hot air, which is conducive to the reduction of the temperature in the shed. Vegetable farmers should be reminded that when the air is released, a windshield film should be set under the air outlet to prevent the cold wind from blowing directly on the fruit surface of the vegetable, resulting in peeling and cracks in the fruit.

2. Use a shade net to cool down. When the temperature in the shed cannot be controlled within the required range suitable for vegetable growth through the method of ventilation, vegetable farmers should use shade nets to cool down. Vegetable farmers should put down the shade net when the temperature in the shed is close to the maximum temperature suitable for the growth of vegetables in the morning, and roll up the shade net when the temperature in the shed is lower than the maximum temperature suitable for the growth of vegetables in the afternoon, but it should be noted that the air outlet can not be blocked when the shade net is put down.

When purchasing a shade net, vegetable farmers can choose a shade rate of about 60%, because this shade net can not only play a role in shading and cooling, prevent sunburn fruit, but also allow part of the light to shine into the greenhouse, which is conducive to the improvement of photosynthesis of vegetable leaves.

3. Spray at noon to cool down. At noon in summer, because the temperature in the shed is high and the evaporation of leaves is large, the water absorbed by the roots cannot meet the needs of vegetable transpiration, and the tomato leaves appear to roll up. Vegetable farmers can install micro sprinkler spray in the shed to reduce the temperature of the shed, which can also increase the air humidity in the shed, prevent the drying of the stigma of the vegetable flower column, promote pollination, and prevent the flower and fruit drop of vegetables.

4. Vegetable farmers can also spray chitin, amino acids, alginic acid and other foliar fertilizers on the leaves of vegetables in the shed to promote the healthy growth of vegetables and improve their resistance to high temperatures.

After planting vegetables, farmers often report uneven emergence, wilting, and dead trees. This is probably because the planting is not done well. Therefore, it is necessary for farmers to do a good job in every aspect of the planting process to minimize problems in the later stage.

Keep these points in mind when growing vegetables in a greenhouse!

1. Preparation before planting.

1.Shed and soil disinfection.

Before growing vegetables, the greenhouse needs to be disinfected. Fumigation can be used. About 3 cm of sulphur is used per acre of land. After ignition, the shed is closed, and the smoke is exhausted after 24 hours; It can also be used with 45% chlorothalonil 200 250 grams of mu, sealed for 3 4 hours after ventilation.

2.Apply organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer on the base fertilizer.

People are always accustomed to relying on chemical fertilizers, and ignore the role of organic fertilizers and bacterial fertilizers. In fact, both are indispensable. Bio-fertilization can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Mature organic fertilizers can provide more nutrients to crops, but be careful.

3.Land preparation and ridge formation.

Ridge cropping can provide a better growing environment for crops, harmonizing the balance between factors such as water, nutrients, air and heat. Improve soil fertility and provide good conditions for sowing, crop growth and field management.

4.Choose good seedlings when planting.

Choosing healthy seedlings is the biggest prerequisite for planting. Strong seedlings, no pathogens, white and developed roots, and good growth seedlings are the first choice, and seedlings with few root hairs and yellow-brown are best not used.

5.Planting time.

The planting time is generally chosen in the morning or afternoon on a sunny day when the temperature is not very high, so as not to cause the seedlings to wilt due to the high temperature at noon. Dipping roots with rooting fertilizer before planting can improve the survival rate.

2. Post-planting management.

1.Suitable for watering.

Generally speaking, one month after planting, it is important to water three times before watering.

1) Planting water: It needs to be watered thoroughly. Before planting vegetables, the soil in the shed has been turned deep and the air permeability has improved. In addition, seedlings have very few roots, most of which are distributed in a 5 cm tillage layer, so watering with a large amount of water generally does not cause root soaking due to lack of oxygen.

2) Slow seedling water: Generally, it should be watered about 6 to 7 days after planting. Otherwise, it is easy to accumulate water in the field and cause roots. It should be watered at five or six o'clock in the morning.

3) Promote tree water: It is advisable to water about 15 days after slowing down the seedlings. The purpose of this watering is to promote the fruit-setting capacity of the vegetables.

2.Proper ventilation.

The temperature and humidity in the seedbed are high, and the seedlings grow young. If the seedlings are not ventilated for a long time, and then suddenly ventilated, the outside temperature is low, and the air is dry, the seedlings will wither due to the sudden loss of water, and then the leaf cells will be difficult to recover due to the sudden loss of water. In severe cases, the whole leaf is dry, and the mesophyll tissue between the leaf edges or the veins of the network is dry and yellow, and the leaves are like fire.

3.Disease control.

Since some diseases are caused by soil-borne factors, some management measures can be taken before planting to reduce the incidence. For example, measures such as increasing the amount of bacterial fertilizer, deep ploughing of the soil, and high-temperature disinfection. , prevention and control measures should be taken in a timely manner.

1. Be prepared for time, if there is a greenhouse at home, you can't break people in the greenhouse. Especially during the critical period of plant growth, almost all the time is spent working in the greenhouse. 2. Be prepared for illness, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are high, and the temperature in the north is low and the humidity is low in winter.

Long-term entry and exit can cause rheumatism, rheumatoid and other diseases. 3. Make income preparation, income preparation here refers to the purchase of off-season vegetables**. Taking the 80-meter greenhouse in western Liaoning as an example, when the average purchase is high, the annual net profit is 5-70,000 yuan.

When the average acquisition is low, the annual net profit is 2-40,000. 4. Be prepared for expenditure, If you build an 80-meter greenhouse in western Liaoning, you need 8-100,000 yuan, which does not include the purchase of fertilizers, pesticides and other expenditures in the later stage.

I want to grow in a greenhouse. First of all, we must understand the temperature and humidity required for plant growth and its growth cycle, and then set up all the environments, and then plant, and when the crops need to be sprayed with pesticides or repellent pests, everything must be followed in steps.

Illness prevention.

Because of long-term work in the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are high, and the temperature in the north is low and the humidity is low in winter. Long-term entry and exit can cause rheumatism, rheumatoid and other diseases. This situation is common in rural northeastern areas.

(1) Requirements for the structure of greenhouses for early-maturing high-quality watermelons.

1) Simple steel pipe greenhouse. The southern region of Jiangsu is generally used is the simple steel pipe greenhouse type, which has the advantages of simple structure, low material consumption, low cost and easy self-processing, with a span of 4 6 meters and a length of 30 meters, which is suitable for watermelon cultivation. The structure of greenhouses in Shanghai and other places is roughly the same as that in Jiangsu.

The span of the steel pipe greenhouse in the northern region is 8 12 meters, and the length is 40 50 meters.

2) Bamboo and wood structure. It is made of cement or wood, and the arch is made of bamboo, with a span of 8 meters, 12 meters, 14 meters, a height of meters, meters, a length of 45 meters, 50 meters, and even a length of 150 meters and 200 meters in Shandong.

2) Greenhouse performance.

The greenhouse has good lighting, heating, heat preservation and moisture retention effects, which can effectively overcome the influence of low temperature in early spring in the north and rainy weather in the south, and create suitable environmental conditions for watermelon production in early spring. It is observed that from late March to late April in Beijing, the outside temperature is low, and the maximum temperature in the greenhouse can reach 15 38, which is higher than the open field, and the lowest temperature in the shed is 0 3, which is 1 2 higher than the open field.

In April, the maximum temperature in the shed can reach 40, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the shed reaches 6 20, and the soil temperature in the shed increases significantly.

In late March, it can generally be maintained above 13, and the soil temperature in early to late April is 3 8 higher than that in the open field, and the maximum can reach more than 10. In southern regions such as southern Jiangsu, Hubei and Chongqing, after late March, the temperature in the cloudy canopy is higher than that in the outside 6 8. In addition, the greenhouse has a large space and can be covered with multiple layers for insulation, which has great potential for warming effect.

The lighting efficiency of the greenhouse is good, and the light intensity of the greenhouse in March is 10,000 lux and 10,000 lux in April, which can fully meet the growth of watermelon seedlings and adult plants.

Planting technology of vegetable greenhouse: 1In winter, it is not suitable to apply more phosphorus fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, etc. in vegetable greenhouses, and when vegetables are deficient in zinc, they should be sprayed on the foliar surface with 0.05% to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution and new high-lipid film.

2.In winter, rare earth micro-fertilizer can not be directly fertilized into the soil in the vegetable shed, and 0.05% to 0.07% rare earth can be used as a non-solution plus a new high-fat film to spray on the foliar surface of vegetables.

3.Greenhouse vegetables can not be a large number of unrotted cake fertilizer, because the proportion of carbon and nitrogen in cake fertilizer is small, the decomposition is very fast, the local is very easy to produce high temperature and high concentration of organic acid and ammonia, very easy to burn roots, so the cake fertilizer should be broken, soaked in humans, urea for about three weeks, high temperature fermentation in use.

4.Iron fertilizer can not be applied to the soil, because iron is easily fixed by the soil into insoluble compounds and loses fertilizer effect, iron is not easy to flow on the leaves, so foliar spraying should be used, and at the same time, 0.1% to 0.3% ferrous sulfate solution can be used plus a new high-fat film and then evenly sprayed on the foliar surface of vegetables.

5.Vegetables in the greenhouse can not be fertilized under arid conditions, vegetables are water-loving crops, fertilization in the soil drought, not only the effect of fertilization can not be fully exerted, but also will increase the concentration of soil solution, it is very easy to burn roots, so vegetable fertilization should be combined with water, to open a ditch for fertilization, and then irrigate after burying the fertilizer.

Antifreeze technology for greenhouse vegetables:

1.The tomato or cucumber seeds that are about to germinate are placed at a low temperature of 1 to 5 for 12 to 18 hours, and then transferred to a high temperature of 18 to 22 degrees Celsius for 6 to 12 hours, repeated for a few days, which can significantly improve the cold resistance of vegetable seedlings and accelerate their growth and development.

2.Biogas is burned in the greenhouse to increase the temperature to supplement carbon dioxide and promote the growth and development of vegetables. Greenhouse cucumbers, green peppers, tomatoes, cauliflower and other vegetables can generally be increased by 20% to 40%.

3.Mulching film can be used ten centimeters of ground temperature generally increased by an average of two to three degrees, the lowest temperature of the ground can be increased by about one degree, at the same time, the plastic film is not breathable, can always evaporate water, reduce the number of watering, and indirectly increase the temperature.

4.You can use crop straw to build a fire, which can also increase the temperature of the greenhouse, but it is necessary to observe the change of the greenhouse temperature at any time, so as to prevent excessive smoke from hurting the seedlings.

5.The heat in the greenhouse is mainly from the sun's radiation, when the sunlight enters the greenhouse through the greenhouse film, due to the greenhouse effect, a part of the light energy can be converted into heat energy, and the dust and fog on the greenhouse film, water droplets, etc. have a great impact on the light conditions of the greenhouse, according to observation, a layer of water droplets is generally attached to the greenhouse film, which can reduce the light transmittance by 20 to 30 percent, keep the greenhouse film clean and clean, and have an immeasurable effect on increasing the brightness and improving the temperature of the greenhouse.