When is the best time to grow broccoli? How to control pests and diseases?

Broccoli is also known as green cauliflower, leaf stem cabbage, etc., cruciferous cabbage is a herbaceous plant of cabbage 2 raw, its shape is like a small bud swan, rich in nutrients containing vitamins and carotene, nutrition into vegetables in the vegetables of the best people, but also the top of the list of vegetables, according to the different types of broccoli, growth and development laws, the use of different regions for broccoliCultivated in the spring to extend the harvest period. In North China, it can be cultivated in the open field in spring, summer and autumn; In the cold winter, the greenhouse can be used to improve the yangfu.

<> spring cultivation of broccoli should choose medium-temperature medium-ripening or medium-early maturing varieties with strong adaptability, cold tolerance, heat tolerance, compact plant type and compact flower bulbs, such as Shenglu, Chunqiu No. 4, Chunqiu No. 44, Boai No. 1, etc. Broccoli seedlings are raised at the end of January to early February, planted and harvested at the end of March at the end of May or early June, although broccoli does not have high soil requirements, but in order to achieve high yields, it is necessary to choose a suitable soil environment as much as possible.

It is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate density when transplanting, and to pay attention to weeding, top dressing, watering, and pest control in the field after transplanting, which are a key to improving the quality and yield of cultivated broccoli. Broccoli is a light-loving, moisture-loving, drought-tolerant and fertilizer-tolerant plant, and its soil requirements are relatively relaxed. Generally, the cultivation of broccoli should choose a weakly acidic or neutral sandy soil plot with flat terrain, easy drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, and sufficient sunlightBroccoli has a high water requirement during the growth process, and the lack of water during the fruiting period will affect the quality of broccoli.

The water should not be too much, and the soil moisture should not be too large, which will cause diseases.

About 15 days after sowing in the seedling period management, the two ** leaves are strong, and when the true leaves are exposed, the seedlings can be divided, and the seedbed is sprayed permeable before the seedlings, and the seedlings can be divided into two ways. In the management of fertilizer and water, the early growth stage of broccoli has a great demand for nitrogen fertilizer, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be added to broccoli during this period. In the late growth stage of broccoli until the flowering stage, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements is relatively large.

Broccoli is generally better planted in March. Water it more, apply more chemical fertilizers, and spray it with insect-proof pesticides in advance, which can well control pests and diseases.

It is best to plant around March in the spring. It should be cultivated scientifically, fertilized regularly, and sprayed with pesticides in an appropriate amount when planting.

Broccoli is best planted in spring, it takes 10 days to set seedlings, and then it can be planted in the soil, and some insecticides to control greens and diamondback moths can be used to prevent pests and diseases.

Speaking of the natural enemies of vegetables, we have to mention cabbage worms, cabbage worms are the most powerful insects that eat vegetables, and they are also the insects that are most likely to affect the harvest, but many farmers actually don't know how to control cabbage worms, so how should cabbage worms be controlled? There are three main methods1. Focus on protecting the natural enemies of cabbage insects; 2. Pay attention to the hygiene of the vegetable planting base; 3. Use pesticides when necessary.

1. Focus on protecting the natural enemies of cabbage worms First of all, there are natural enemies in the food chain, cabbage worms are the natural enemies of vegetables, and these small insects also have natural enemies, some small bees common in rural areas are the natural enemies of cabbage worms, such as butterfly golden bees, red-eyed bees, etc., these small bees will not only collect pollen, but also kill cabbage worms and other hateful insects. Therefore, farmers can not drive away these little bees when they see them, and they can also plant some flowers in the vegetable field to attract baby bees, which is also very helpful to prevent cabbage worms.

2. Pay attention to the health of the vegetable planting baseSecondly, many people only know that they should pay attention to hygiene at home, in fact, the vegetable planting base also needs to pay attention to hygiene, the home is dirty and messy, it is easy to appear mice, cockroaches and other pests, and the vegetable planting base is too dirty, it is easy to attract all kinds of pests to come. Therefore, farmers who grow vegetables must regularly weed, fertilize, and loosen the soil for vegetable fields to ensure the cleanliness and hygiene of vegetable planting bases, so as to reduce the probability of pests such as cabbage insects.

3. Use pesticides when necessaryFinally, now more and more people are pursuing natural vegetables, and many vegetable planting bases have played a "natural pollution-free", "no pesticides and no insecticides" signboards, but in fact, this blind pursuit of nature is not correct, when encountering serious insect pests, in order to ensure that vegetables are not completely harmed, it is still necessary to take measures in time, and spraying pesticides is the most effective way, when you are not surprised, you should spray or spray.

In winter, the eggs can be removed manually, or they can be cultured after the seedlings emerge, such as green worm fungus No. 6 and killing cream.

First of all, when the seedlings emerge, it is necessary to start spraying regularly, spraying once every 7 days, spraying 2 or 3 times in a row. It can be sprayed with pesticides, and the green worms should be cleaned up in time after they are found. In this way, it can be effectively prevented.

It can be trapped, using the phototaxis habit of diamondback moths to trap adults with black light or other light sources at night from 7:00 to 10:00.

When is broccoli usually planted? Broccoli is a vegetable variety that requires a higher growing temperature in the presence of light. Therefore, before sowing, it is very important to choose the right variety.

Generally, early-maturing or medium-maturing varieties with strong temperature and light adaptability and good commerciality are selected for cultivation. Generally, we choose to sow broccoli in the fall, so that after planting it in the winter, it can be sold in the market around the Spring Festival. If you are planting seedlings, you can choose to plant them in March or July.

At this time, the temperature is more suitable for the growth of seedlings, and they can generally be harvested in three months. However, with the development of technology, greenhouse planting technology is becoming more and more mature, broccoli can basically be eaten all year round, but there will be ** differences.

Generally, the seasonal market is cheaper, and the off-season market is more expensive. Of course, it doesn't stop everyone from loving broccoli. Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower, or cauliflower, is an annual plant of the brassica genus in the cruciferous family, also known as cauliflower and broccoli.

Cauliflower is a popular vegetable that is delicious, nutritious, and has high medicinal properties. Vitamin C is rich in vitamin C and has anti-cancer effects, and its average nutritional value and disease prevention effect far exceed that of other vegetables. There is a large difference in climate between the north and south of China, and there are obvious differences in planting varieties in various places.

Cauliflower varieties can be divided into very early maturing varieties, early maturing varieties, medium maturing varieties and late maturing varieties according to their maturity.

1) Very early-maturing cauliflower varieties are suitable for high-temperature cultivation, with early flower bud differentiation, strong heat and humidity resistance, and short growth period, which lasted 3040 days from planting to harvest. The plants are dwarf, the yield is low, the flower bulbs are small, and the weight of a single ball is kilograms, which is suitable for summer sowing and autumn harvest. Very early-maturing varieties are weak in winter and prone to early flowering.

In planting, we must focus on promotion and vigorous water and fertilizer. 2) Early-maturing varieties, such as cauliflower varieties, have strong heat and moisture tolerance. It generally takes 5060 days from planting to harvesting, and the flower bulbs are medium in size and heavy in a single ball, suitable for summer sowing and autumn harvesting.

The cultivation and management of early-maturing varieties must be sufficiently water and fertilizer, and the key to high yield is to cultivate large nutrient bodies. 3) Medium-ripening varieties had late flower bud differentiation and low heat tolerance and temperature tolerance.

From planting to harvesting 7090 days, the plant growth is strong, the flower bulbs are dense and large, and the single ball is heavy, which is suitable for sowing in summer and autumn and harvesting in autumn and winter. Medium-ripening varieties need to avoid the high temperature season at the time of sowing to prevent abnormal phenomena such as pods and purple hairs in the bulbs. 4) Late-maturing varieties are not heat-tolerant, flower buds are late differentiated, low temperature tolerant, and prefer cold climates.

It takes more than 90 days from planting to harvesting, the growth potential is strong, the plant is tall, the flower bulb is dense and large, and the weight of a single ball is more than that, which is suitable for autumn sowing and autumn and winter harvest. Most late-maturing varieties can be cultivated in spring and autumn, and abnormal phenomena such as pods and purple hairs are prone to occur in the summer high temperature season. Cauliflower varieties can be divided into spherical, semicircular, oblate, and arched according to the shape of the flower bulb.

According to the color of the flower bulbs, they can be divided into white, milky white, creamy yellow, withered yellow and purple.

Of course, it should be harvested in the summer, because the broccoli is already ripe in this season, and if it is harvested later, the broccoli will grow old, and pests and diseases will occur.

It is better to harvest at 6 o'clock in the morning, when the light is not very strong, the quality of the broccoli picked will be better, and it can also achieve a good preservation effect.

The harvest takes place at six or seven o'clock in the morning, or in the evening. This will not allow the broccoli to wilt.

The broccoli is generally harvested around mid-June every year, and if it is too late, the broccoli will grow.

In summer, it should be covered with shade nets, and the seeds should be heat-resistant and disease-resistant, and they should be early-maturing varieties. Summer is suitable for cultivation in alpine areas. The seedlings are sown in mid-May and early June, and planted in mid-June and early July.

8 Harvested in early September. Method of planting broccoli in summer: the amount of watering should be sufficient when sowing, so that the bed soil is saturated, and the bed surface is sprinkled with a layer of nutrient soil after the water seeps down, and then evenly sown or sow seeds, which must be even, and use fine sediment to mix seeds for dry seed seeding.

The seedling rearing time should not be too long. After sowing, cover with straw for shade. The summer and autumn cultivation and growth period is relatively short, and the seedling time should not be too long, and the seedling age should not exceed 30 days.

Do a good job in seedling management: it takes 2 3 days from sowing to emergence, and the germination and emergence period is mainly to rely on watering to adjust the soil temperature, and it is more appropriate to keep the soil temperature at 25 30. Watering in the afternoon and evening, to try to avoid the rainy weather after watering, this period is recommended to use shade net cover all day, 2 3 days for cooling and rainproof, after the emergence of two cotyledons began to turn green when the timely removal.

The first point needs to pay attention to this cultivation, the season of its planting, the second point needs to be watered in time to achieve good results, and the third point should be used as this spraying pesticide planting should pay attention to its most basic procedure.

(1) Seedbed, select fields with high terrain, good water source conditions and high organic matter content, and apply 300-400 kg of high-quality farmhouse fertilizer after repeated ploughing before sowing. (2) sowing, summer sowing can be carried out in June, before sowing the seedbed is fully watered, after seeping, sprinkle a thin layer of sieved fine soil, and then sprinkle the seeds, the dosage is 3-5 grams per square meter, and then cover the culture soil. (3) seedling raising methods and seedbed management, there should be shade nets and other shade facilities, cover at 9 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day, uncover at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, do not cover on cloudy days, after the emergence of seedlings, depending on the dry and wet soil of the bed, watering with a watering can, covering the cultivation soil to protect the buds, after the seedlings grow true leaves, water once with 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

When fertilizing, we must pay attention to fertilizing the whole field, ensure that the water and fertilizer are sufficient, have a good growth environment to remove some of the surrounding weeds, be sure to choose the variety of drug amount when eating seeds, and must also be treated before sowing, sowing seeds on sunny days, isolating viruses and strengthening the intensity of breathing, so as to improve the germination rate, remove the surface of the soil layer, and let the seeds enter the soil.

When planting green vegetables, we should pay attention to land preparation and fertilization, choose loam soil with water and fertilizer retention and good drainage for seedling raising, and should remove the residues of previous crops in time, plough and dry as soon as possible, clean the countryside, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. In seed treatment, it is necessary to select excellent varieties of disease resistance, carry out seed treatment before sowing, choose sunny days to dry seeds in time, and use new high-fat film to dress seeds, which can repel underground diseases and insects, isolate virus infection, strengthen seed respiration intensity, and improve seed germination rate. Sow at the right time, lightly rake the topsoil with a tooth rake so that the seeds are sown into the soil.

Be sure to water in time, ensure the moisture of the soil, don't let the soil be too dry, and do a good job of draining the system, don't let too much water stay in the soil.

It is necessary to water and fertilize in time, and it is necessary to replenish fertilizer in time, and should pay attention to the density of planting, and should also do a good job of pruning branches and leaves, weeding and killing insects, and it is necessary to pay attention to the circulation of air, and must pay attention to the warmth of plants.

It needs to be watered, the water needs to be regulated, the drainage management should be done, the air permeability of the soil should be paid attention to, and at the same time, pesticides should be sprayed regularly, and the temperature situation should be paid attention to.

Broccoli, also known as broccoli, is suitable for growth and development in wet and cold climates, and its products have a tender texture, unique taste, rich in nutrients, especially high vitamin C content, and are a fashionable high-grade vegetable. The following is an introduction to broccoli planting techniques, and I look forward to helping you.

First, plant at the right time. Cauliflower can be cultivated in spring dew fields with strong resistance, heat resistance, tight and neat black green, Tokyo green and other types. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are planted in a small arch shed from late March to early April, with 15 grams of seeds per mu, planting seedbeds of 7-8 square meters, covering one centimeter thick sieved fine soil after sowing, and sprinkling water once a day in the morning and evening.

Small seedlings grow with 2-3 leaves and divide seedlings once, and seedlings can be planted with 5-6 leaves.

Second, age-appropriate planting. When planting, the seedling age is 25-30 days, there are 5-6 leaves, the stem is thick, the rhizome is relatively developed, the seedlings are planted without insects, and the root water is watered, and the next morning is watered again for live trees. The spacing between the rows of plants is 40-45 50 cm, and 300 plants are planted per mu.

Third, fertilization. 7-10 days after planting, seedlings were extracted with 200 times of compound fertilizer or 10 times of manure farmyard fertilizer, and 2 kg of urea solution per mu was applied at the same time; After 14 days, 15 kg of urea solution was applied per mu. The first bud, urea solution 10-15 kg per mu, hole application around the plant body, and with the prevention of diseases and insects, with urea solution 200 times and spray Shi Bao 1000 times every 14 days in turn.

After the main bud is harvested, 10 kg of urea solution and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per mu, and water injection is used to promote the growth and development of side buds.

Fourth, cultivation and irrigation. In case of high temperature and drought, water should be injected immediately to maintain the soil water content, and irrigation should be carried out in combination with fertilizer. When it rains, drain the water immediately and do not stain the main stem.

Cultivating is generally carried out after rain or after water injection combined with hoeing, fertilization, and loosening of soil. The first time to chase tillage and weeding once, and carry out soil loosening, and terminate tillage in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. Broccoli needs to be kept moist during all the growth periods, especially during the development stage of flower bulbs, and the soil layer cannot be too dry.

In case of foggy weather during the growth period, it should be drained immediately. In summer, water injection should be carried out when the water is cold and the ground is cold.

Fifth, pest control. The key pests and diseases are black rot and rust, and pollution-free drugs should be selected for prevention. When preventing pests and diseases, it is necessary to pay attention to spraying pesticides in the early stage of the disease, and generally do not apply pesticides after the buds.

Pests and diseases are mainly aphids and cabbage worms. In addition to the selection of appropriate drugs, the prevention and control of aphids can be set up in the field to attract aphids, and 28 yellow plates can be evenly set up every 667 square meters.