The Shang Dynasty Reform and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty made major co

Shang Ying's reform, although Shang Ying's death ended, his change cannot but be said to be a success. He made the Qin state more powerful at that time, and also promoted the transformation of the society from a slave society to a feudal society at that time. Today, it is a society with a legal system, and Shang Yang is a precedent for a legal society.

Some of his theoretical ideas have also had a far-reaching impact on the construction of a society ruled by law today. Shang Ying was a great statesman in Chinese history.

A series of sinicization policies of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, such as speaking Chinese, writing Chinese characters, wearing Hanfu, changing surnames, advocating intermarriage between Xianbei and Han, and even moving the capital, were greatly disadvantageous to the Xianbei people, and he made the Xianbei people, a nomadic people, lose their innate combat effectiveness and wildness, and accelerated the demise of the Xianbei people. However, from the perspective of the entire Chinese nation, he promoted the great integration of ethnic groups, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the nomadic peoples in the northwest, and laid the foundation for the current multi-ethnic unified country.

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The Shang Dynasty reform strengthened the power of the Qin State and accelerated the reunification of the motherland.

Emperor Xiaowen's reforms narrowed the distinction between Hu and Han and promoted ethnic integration.

The Shang Dynasty Reform laid the material foundation for the unification of the Qin state.

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted the great integration of ethnic groups and accelerated the process of feudalization of ethnic minorities.

Shang Ying's reform: After the reform, the Qin state became rich and strong, and its national strength increased greatly, laying a solid foundation for the annexation of the six countries in the future.

Reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty: These measures of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted ethnic integration and accelerated the process of feudalization of all ethnic groups in the north.

PS: This is what the teacher is talking about.

Implications: Reform is not all smooth sailing, and sometimes it comes at a cost.

Changes that conform to the trend of history are bound to succeed.

We must learn from Shang Ying's dedication to reform and innovation.

Mainly Shang martingale)

Reform is the driving force for promoting social development, and the Chinese civilization is jointly created by the people of all nationalities, so we must have the spirit of forging ahead, be good at learning advanced culture, dare to innovate, and keep pace with the times.

Mainly of Emperor Xiaowen)

The combined effect of the Shang Dynasty Reform and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was to promote the historical process of feudalization.

The Shang Dynasty reform promoted the feudalization process of the Qin State, and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty accelerated the feudalization process of the northern ethnic minorities. The similarities are the establishment of household registration, the encouragement of agricultural development, the encouragement of production, the reform of the old system, the implementation of the new system, and the change of customs.

The "recognition of private ownership of land" by the Shang Dynasty and the "Sinicization Policy" reformed by Emperor Xiaowen both accelerated the process of feudalization.

important role.

The Shang Dynasty reform conformed to the trend of feudal historical development, promoted the transformation of slave society to feudal society, conformed to the interests of the emerging landlord class, and greatly promoted social progress and historical development. Through reforms, the Qin state abolished the old system and created a new system adapted to social and economic development.

The reforms promoted the social progress of the Qin State and promoted the development of the economy. At the same time, it has strengthened its national strength and made the country rich and the army strong. It laid the foundation for the unification of the whole country in the future and played an important role in the development of Chinese history.

The combined effect of the Shang Dynasty Reform and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was to promote social and economic development.

The Shang Dynasty Reform refers to the reform movement carried out by the patriot Shang Yang in the Qin State.

During the Warring States Period, after Qin Xiaogong Yingquliang of Qin State ascended the throne, he was determined to strengthen reform, so he ordered to recruit talents, and Shang Ying entered Qin from Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements and establishing a county system, which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong.

Ren Shang Ying was the chief of the left house, and in 356 BC and 350 BC, he implemented it twice"Abandon the well field, open the Qianmo, implement the county system, reward cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implement the law of joint sitting"It is a variation of the main content.

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful centralized state in the late Warring States period.

1. Different: the focus is different: the Shang Dynasty reform focuses on enriching the country and strengthening the army; The reform of Emperor Xiaowen focused on the renewal of the system, the relocation of the capital, and the change of customs.

The purpose was different: the Shang Dynasty reform was to achieve a rich country and a strong army to gain a dominant position in the annexation war; Emperor Xiaowen's reform was to alleviate social contradictions and change the backward state of the Xianbei people.

2. Same: all conform to the trend of historical development.

All of them promoted the feudalization of the regime and created conditions for the unification of the country.

All of them have encountered opposition and obstacles from the old forces.

The results were all successful.

3. Shang Ying's reform: After Qin Xiaogong of Qin State ascended the throne during the Warring States Period, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Ying entered Qin from the Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements and establishing a county system, etc., which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong, and appointed him as the head of the left house, in 356 BC and 350 BC, he successively implemented two changes with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up Qianmo, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the law of joint sitting".

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, and the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful feudal state in the late Warring States period.

4. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, commonly known as the sinicization of filial piety, refers to the political reforms implemented during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Its main content is the Sinicization Movement, including the implementation of the Juntian system and household regulation, the reform of the official system and legal decrees, the relocation of the capital to Luoyang, and the change of Han customs. The Sinicization reform measures implemented by Emperor Xiaowen were conducive to alleviating class contradictions and played a positive role in the recovery and development of the social economy.

Any reform needed to meet the needs of the broadest ruling base of the time.

Shang Yang not only won the support of the rulers of the Qin State, but also won the approval of the low-level workers because of the reforms he implemented that met the needs of the Qin State according to the actual situation of the Qin State at that time, thus greatly improving the production relations of the Qin State. That is, it meets the needs of the development of productive forces under the economic conditions at that time.

In the same way, Emperor Xiaowen was not only the supreme ruler himself, he also won the support of a part of the aristocracy, and a large part of the ruling base of the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time was Han Chinese. Moreover, under the intermarriage and mixed blood of Hu and Han, a large number of Hu people imitate the larger Han people in terms of base and productivity, production technology, etc. In culture, the upper subject tends to integrate and develop.

It is not difficult to see that both of them have worked together to achieve success with the greatest group support.

From the perspective of social structure, they all belong to the aristocracy + the vast majority of the bottom people.

A reform does not need to be supported by the majority of the powerful upper echelons to succeed, because the lack of sufficient underlying foundation, or mass foundation, will lead to a larger lower level, and it is not possible to succeed with sufficient underlying foundation, because in the process of implementation, it also needs enough upper echelons and their vassals of the middle level to implement. Therefore, in order to achieve predictable success, it is necessary to have sufficient support from the real power class and the vast majority of the underprivileged groups.

From the point of view of the economic structure, they all belong to the type of improving production relations. In fact, from the attitude of the groups at the bottom, we can see whether the direction of reform is in line with the overall needs of social development at that time, and as long as it meets this need, it is to meet the inherent needs of production relations. (It meets the overall needs of social development and is a necessary condition for satisfying the intrinsic needs of production relations).

Similarly, you can also refer to the successes and failures of Wang Anshi's reform and Zhang Juzheng's change.

1. Conform to the trend of historical development.

Shang Dynasty Reform (Autumn and Warring States Period was a period of great change in the collapse of slavery and the establishment of feudalism), and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (the emergence of ethnic integration in the Yellow River Valley).

2. Get the support of the largest and supreme ruler.

Shang Ying's reform (Shang Ying's reform was supported by Qin Xiaogong).

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty reformed, and was the ruler himself) 3. Reform the feudal land system and develop agricultural production.

Shang Ying's transformation method (waste well field, open Qianmo, reward farming war).

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty reformed (promulgated the Juntian Decree to implement rent regulation).

It conforms to the trend of historical development, and every reform will conform to the trend of historical development. It's ...... a few wordsWhat is "supported by the supreme ruler", Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was originally the supreme ruler ......

aConform to the trend of historical development.

b In the interests of the feudal ruling class.

c With the support of the supreme ruler.

The emperor has the absolute right to speak, and he himself supports reforms, and there are also some nobles who have real power to support them, as well as a strong talent pool and strict laws.

In order to replace the trend and the development of productive forces, the reform measures are appropriate.

The supreme ruler has the determination to carry out reforms, which conform to the trend of the times and the development of productive forces, and the measures taken are appropriate.

Follow the trend of history.

With the support of the supreme power or the supreme power.

The boss wants to reform and support, and the boss has the power.

There is a strong core of leadership, and it conforms to the trend of historical development.

The Shang Dynasty reform was the most thorough reform during the Warring States Period. It not only promoted the development of Qin society, but also promoted the transformation of the patriarchal feudal system to the first-class centralized system, laid the foundation for Qin Shi Huang to establish a unified empire, and had a far-reaching impact on later generations.

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Hong, was an outstanding politician, military strategist, and reformer of ethnic minorities. He advocated Chinese culture, implemented sinicization, banned Hu and Hu language, changed weights and measures, popularized education, changed surnames and banned burials, and improved the cultural level of the Xianbei people, which was a summary of the ethnic integration of various ethnic groups in the northwest after entering the Central Plains, and played an important role in China. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty made the political and economic development of the Northern Wei Dynasty, created a peaceful environment, and the people of all ethnic groups had frequent exchanges, which accelerated the pace of ethnic integration, contributed to the economic recovery of the north, and also made the way of life of ethnic minorities feudal. ok？

Shang: To enable the Qin State to establish a feudal system and achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army; The foundation was laid for the elimination of the Six Nations and the realization of reunification.

Filial piety: Promote the feudalization process of the Northern Wei Dynasty and promote the integration of northern ethnic groups.

The Shang Dynasty reformed the law to safeguard the interests of the common people and was not conducive to the power and rule of the aristocracy. The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted ethnic integration.

Shang: To enable the Qin State to establish a feudal system and achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army;

Shang Dynasty Reform: Through the Shang Dynasty Reform, Qin's economy developed and the army's combat effectiveness was continuously strengthened, making Qin the richest and most powerful country in the late Warring States period.

Emperor Xiaowen's reforms: promoted the integration of ethnic groups.

The Shang Dynasty reform was the most thorough reform during the Warring States Period. It promoted the economic development of the Qin State and laid the foundation for the unification of the six kingdoms of Qin.

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen promoted the process of feudalization of ethnic minorities in the north and promoted the great integration of the northern ethnic groups.

The role of the Shang Dynasty reform: The Shang Dynasty reform was an important political and social reform during the Warring States period. Through this change, the old system was abolished, the new system was established, and the Qin state underwent fundamental changes.

The combat effectiveness of the Qin army was greatly improved, and the social and economic development of the Qin state was laid, laying an important foundation for Qin Shi Huang to unify the Central Plains.

The role of Emperor Xiaowen's reform in the Northern Wei Dynasty: 1The process of feudalization of the various ethnic groups in the north was accelerated. 2.It has promoted the economic development of the north. 3.It has promoted the great integration of various ethnic groups in the north.