How do you identify a work of art? How do you appreciate art?

There are very many categories of artwork, each of which has different criteria for judging.

However, most works of art are divided into these types: first, judging the quality of a certain artwork is largely due to its artistry. And this judgment requires the connoisseur to have an artistic vision and cultivation.

Second, there are trends in every era, and whether a work of art conforms to the trend is a big factor in whether a work of art is valuable.

Third, the integrity of the work of art, the quality is a vital evil compared to a work of art, and if the best art is broken or damaged, then its value and ornamentation will be greatly reduced. The exception, of course, is something as mutilated and beautiful as the Venus with a broken arm.

Here's how:

1. Exposure to a wide range of excellent works of art. The cultivation and improvement of art appreciation must come from the concrete and rich art appreciation activities that are experienced first-hand. If you look at excellent paintings, sculptures, photography and other art works, you can train and develop your eyesight; Listen to all kinds of classic works, and you can cultivate the ears of appreciation.

If you read more incisive literary works of various genres, you will have the ability to compare and discriminate. Appreciating a large number of excellent works of art is an important way to cultivate and improve the ability of art appreciation.

2. Master the basic knowledge and laws of various types of art: The art of various categories, genres and styles has its own artistic characteristics and aesthetic laws. Only by mastering and understanding the basic knowledge and laws of various types of art can we truly grasp and understand the artistic characteristics of the works and truly appreciate the unique artistic charm of the works.

For example, to appreciate literary works, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the media, artistic characteristics, and expression laws of literature, and understand the basic knowledge of the artistic language, structure, and expression techniques of different types of literary genres, so as to discover and appreciate the beauty contained in them.

3. Accumulation of cultural and scientific knowledgeCultural and scientific knowledge has a great impact on art appreciation, and to a certain extent, people with profound cultural and scientific knowledge will have a considerable level of art appreciation. Cultural and scientific knowledge is rich in connotation, including history, politics, religion, philosophy, aesthetics, psychology, logic, etc., which can promote and help strengthen art appreciation.

If you do not understand the historical process of the formation and establishment of the early slavery system in China during the Yin Shang period, it is difficult to appreciate the hideous and terrifying gluttonous image on the bronzes of this period, and it is impossible to appreciate the hideous beauty that embodies the inevitable power of history.

4. Rich aesthetic experienceAesthetic experience refers to the accumulation of feelings and experiences of beautiful things in life. Art appreciation is inseparable from aesthetic experience, and aesthetic experience is inseparable from life experience and life experience.

Connoisseurs always feel, experience and understand works of art on the basis of their own life experience and experience, and the richer and deeper the life experience and life experience, the richer the aesthetic experience and the more conducive to the aesthetic appreciation of the work of art.

5. Cultivate a favorite art specialty for any art, if you have a soft spot for it, you might as well cultivate it as an amateur specialty. Whether you learn painting, calligraphy, singing, musical instrument playing, or ballet, folk dance, and modern dance, you can enrich your artistic literacy and improve your artistic appreciation.

As the saying goes, the layman looks at the excitement, and the insider looks at the doorway. If you study calligraphy or Chinese painting for a period of time, and then look at calligraphy or Chinese painting works, the appreciation will be different from that of a pure layman. Moreover, it is possible to better grasp the many similarities or similarities contained in other types of art, which will help to improve the appreciation of other types of art.

When appreciating a work of art, we should first appreciate the emotions expressed in the artwork, and then evaluate its artistic, aesthetic and historical value. The second is to study the writer's creative techniques, such as whether the use of color is appropriate? Is the use of shapes perfect?

Wait a minute. Finally, it is necessary to consider the correspondence of works of art to traditional human culture and their relationship with life.

Art appreciation should appreciate the artwork itself, because what Sartre said is still very reasonable, "The artist should completely retreat to his work, what matters is his work, not him." "Art is a very personal thing, and privacy is the fundamental attribute of art.

When a person is appreciating a work of art, what he gets has nothing to do with the author, but only in his own cognitive realm, and each individual acquires an understanding that is different from the others, even unrelated to the author's will.

Regarding authorship, authorship is a completely unnecessary concept for a truly "level" appreciator, so to speak, for nature as a whole"Creator"It's the author, but who has ever questioned the life of the Creator?

In this way, everything in heaven and earth is a work of art, but when a work of art has human attributes, we pay more attention to the concept of "author".

Art can be a macroscopic concept or an individual phenomenon, which is a staged result displayed through the form of feeling (seeing, hearing, smelling, touching) through capturing and excavating, feeling and analyzing, integrating and using (the combination process of forms, the life process of organisms, and the development process of stories).

Forms of expression: language, sound, text, painting, eyes, breathing, limbs, etc.

There is an eternal contradiction between the question of the publicness of art and the privacy of art, but according to Marx, contradiction is the basic driving force for the development of things.

Appreciation, appreciation, yard field ancient refers to the mirror, extended to **, the meaning of inspection, appreciation, is appreciation. Therefore, art appreciation is to examine the artwork from the perspective of the viewer, which is to appreciate and analyze the artwork, and through art appreciation, you can have a deeper understanding of the artwork, understand the ideological connotation of its expression, the level of its artistic expression, and the authenticity of its artwork. It also reflects the appreciative ability and level of the connoisseur.

The target audience is the general public. Whereas, artistic creation refers to the creative process of the creator. If we are more broad, the whole process of artistic creation includes creation, appreciation, appreciation, criticism, feedback to the artist, and then influencing the creation, in short, the complete process of artistic creation.

Art criticism is the art critic's commentary on artistic creation, some for the art genre, some for the creator himself, some for the work itself, and some for art appreciation to guide, this kind of art criticism is more from a professional height, more professional standards, has a certain degree of uniqueness in the professional field, may be different from the perspective of ordinary people. Therefore, art criticism is more done by professionals and used by professionals. In this way, art criticism also intersects with the conceptual scope of art appreciation, which can be said to be a more professional art appreciation. [oo

Art appreciation is the "acceptance" of works of art—perception, experience, understanding, imagination, re-creation and other comprehensive psychological activities, and it is an aesthetic activity in which people take the artistic image as the object to obtain spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure through the work of art.

Art appreciation refers to the aesthetic evaluation and aesthetic enjoyment activities produced by people in the process of contacting works of art, and it is also a kind of thinking activity for people to understand the objective world through artistic images (artistic conceptions). In the process of art appreciation, psychological factors such as feeling, perception, appearance, thinking, emotion, association and imagination are extremely active. It is under the combined effect of these various psychological factors that people accept, understand and grasp works of art, and get certain ideological enlightenment and artistic enjoyment from them.

Art appreciation takes works of art with aesthetic attributes as the object, and is accompanied by complex emotional movements, which is actually a high-level and special form of human aesthetic activities.

The difference between the two: art is rewarded with an attitude.

A state of mind to go**.

Art identification is the use of a technical means to identify.

to discern. Distinguish between their authenticity and the difference between them and the like.

It is a craft glass product. They have their own studio and make some craft glass in batches. Very beautiful.

To distinguish the authenticity of a work of art, it is necessary to look at the color: generally speaking, the older the bamboo carving handicrafts, the darker the color of the surface. The production of this color is mostly due to the fact that people often enjoy rubbing.

Most of the works of the Ming Dynasty have a dark red color, the most popular of which is probably a red with an amber luster; The works of the Qing Dynasty are mostly dark brown and brownish-yellow, and the color becomes lighter in the later period. However, in fact, the bamboo carving works of the Qing Dynasty often have a gray-brown color, which is more special. Counterfeiters often dye the new ware, hoping to obtain the same color as the old ware, but the artificial imitation floats but does not sink, and the natural color is different after all, and it is easy to see after careful identification.

At the same time, the color of the concave and convex parts of the fake picture is the same, and there is no difference between shades and shades, and there is no transition color. Features: In bamboo carving handicrafts, it is important to know the popular age of some crafts.

The profound technique of trapping began in the Qing Dynasty; Bamboo reeds began in the early Qing Dynasty and flourished in the Qianjia period, and the fine products were all court utensils; Although Liuqing began in the Tang Dynasty, but the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty did not see, the current works except for the late Ming Dynasty Zhang Xihuang's good system, the rest are the products after the Qing Dynasty; During the Kangxi period, the Jiading faction used a special clay to make the eyes of animals in bamboo carvings. Therefore, familiarity with bamboo carving techniques is conducive to the identification of the era of bamboo carving works. Genuine:

It is necessary to see more often, get in touch with the ancient famous bamboo carving handicrafts in museums or private collections, and compare them with the bamboo carving works that are usually traded, so as not to suffer losses in the transaction. Mutual evidence: During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many bamboo carving masters were good at both bamboo stem carving and bamboo root carving.

He is not only an expert in bamboo carving, but also proficient in wood carving, ivory carving and lacquer carving. Art is interconnected, no matter what kind of material, it will show its own unique creativity, knife work and aesthetic sense. Therefore, we can understand the authenticity of his works by comparing two works of different materials at the same time of the bamboo carving master, and understand his artistic expression.

Determination: To determine the age of a bamboo carving, it can not only be judged by its color quality, packaging and style, but should be comprehensively measured from the content, form, style, breath and knife technique embodied in the bamboo carving work. Value Judgment:

The value of the collection of works should be considered from many aspects. The first is the level, followed by the age, the social influence of the author, the number of works, the completeness of the work, and the content reflected in the work, the form of modeling, personal interests, and so on. A combination of many factors can determine the collectible value of a work.

The authenticity of the artwork depends on the texture: the bamboo carvers in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the bamboo materials used in bamboo carving handicrafts are taken from the bamboo that grows for two to four years, and the texture structure of the bamboo is fine, and the tender age is moderate. Therefore, after carving into a vessel, after polishing, its smoothness and smoothness are no less than smooth wood grain.

Early bamboo carvings often show the texture of bamboo, while later works are elaborate, and the rough texture of bamboo is rarely seen. Style: The famous bamboo carving masters of the Ming and Qing dynasties basically did not have the habit of leaving their names on the works, so there are very few famous heirlooms with handwritten withdrawals.

Because the name or seal of the author engraved in the bamboo carvings of the Ming and Qing dynasties is an important basis for identification. Therefore, counterfeit imitation engravings, especially those of famous artists, are relatively common. Generally speaking, the real style is carved naturally and smoothly, with bones in the show, rigid but not rigid, without a sense of pretentiousness, highlighting the author's own style.

The fake style is sluggish, the knife is weak, and the style of the original author does not match, although some are similar but have no aura. Knife work: bamboo carving identification method, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was a group of special craft masters with the dual identity of literati and craftsmen, their works are often smooth knife work, and the painting is clear, and the artistic conception is profound.

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the calligraphy and painting on bamboo carvings have lost their intriguing artistic conception and exquisite knife and brush art. Style: Generally speaking, the bamboo carving crafts of the Ming Dynasty show a clumsy and simple artistic style, and there are few small and small devices.

Bamboo carving in the Qing Dynasty, deep and elegant in the Kangxi period; The splendid and magnificent period of the Qianlong period. In the late Qing Dynasty, the style of the works tended to be simple and simple. But that's just in general.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a large number of works were a manifestation of literati art, and literati had their own independent artistic characteristics. Therefore, the identification of bamboo carving can not be too absolute. The correct way is to grasp the whole, and when identifying the specifics, pay attention to the connection and difference between the general and the individual.