How to prevent selenium and vitamin E deficiency?

Vitamin E works synergistically with the trace element selenium to protect cell membranes from damage and maintain the permeability of muscle and peripheral blood vessel walls. Both are important nutrients for maintaining animal health, productivity and fecundity, and they have a complementary effect. If one party is deficient and the other is sufficient, the symptoms caused are relatively mild; If both are deficient, the symptoms are more severe and cannot replace each other.

Long-term feeding of feed lacking selenium (the soil in most areas of China contains less selenium), and the mixture cannot meet the physiological needs of chickens without adding it; or feed a variety of diets containing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, such as cod liver oil and soybean oil; or the diet contains rancid fat, which destroys the vitamin E in the feed; or the feed shelf life is too long, so that the vitamin E in the feed is oxidized and destroyed; In addition, certain parasitic diseases and other chronic intestinal diseases can cause the occurrence of vitamin E, which reduces the absorption and utilization of vitamin E.

1) Main symptoms and autopsy changes The disease mostly occurs in chicks and finishers at the age of 2 to 4 weeks, and often causes a large number of deaths. The main symptoms are encephalomalacia, exudative diathesis and muscular dystrophy, which often cause a large number of deaths.

Encephalomalacia: Sick chickens show motor disorders, with their heads contracture backward or downward, sometimes accompanied by twisting to the side, flapping their wings and tipping backwards; Some rush forward, the legs contract sharply with sharp relaxation, and the toes are flexed; Some sick chickens can still eat. This type occurs mostly in chicks at 3 to 5 weeks of age, and can occur as early as 2 weeks of age.

Necropsy of sick chickens showed that the cerebellum was soft, swollen, meningeal edema, cerebral gyrus flattened, and there were scattered hemorrhage spots on the surface of the cerebellum; Yellow-green cloudy necrotic foci appear in the brain parenchyma.

Exudative diathesis: Diseased chickens show subcutaneous edema of the head, neck, chest and inner thighs, and some appear under the beak. Edema is reddish-black, blue-black, blue-purple, or blue-green.

Acupuncture edema**, often with blue-green viscous fluid, and in severe cases, due to the accumulation of subcutaneous fluid in the abdomen, the chicks stand far apart from each other, making it difficult to move. This type occurs mostly in chicks and finishers between 20 and 60 days of age.

Muscular dystrophy: the sick chicks are emaciated and weakened, unable to walk, and die one after another. Autopsy shows pale white streaks on skeletal muscles, especially the pectoral muscles. It usually occurs in chicks around 1 month of age.

When adult hens are scarce, although eggs can be laid, the hatchability rate is significantly reduced, and the reproductive function of adult roosters is reduced.

2) Prevention and control Prevention of this disease can be started by increasing green feed and seed feed with millet husk, or regularly feeding barley malt, grain sprouts, traditional Chinese medicine astragalus or vegetable oil. At the same time, care should not store the mixture for more than 4 weeks. If it must be extended, add antioxidants.

For example, milligrams of sodium selenite and 20 milligrams of vitamin E are added to each kilogram of feed (each milligram of vitamin E preparation is equivalent to 1 international unit). Once the disease occurs, the amount of selenium and vitamin E added to the feed should be increased, that is, 40 mg of vitamin E per kilogram of feed or 5 grams of vegetable oil (soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, etc.), and sodium selenite injection per kilogram of drinking water should be added for 5 7 days, which can generally control the disease.

Keshan disease and KBD have been found to be closely related to selenium deficiency. Keshan disease mostly occurs in childhood during growth and development, and is more common between 2 and 6 years old, and also occurs in women of childbearing age. It mainly invades the heart, causing arrhythmias, tachycardia or bradycardia, and cardiac enlargement, and finally leading to heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

The main lesions of KBD are cartilage degeneration and necrosis of the bone end, muscle atrophy, which affects bone growth and development, and the incidence is more common in adolescents. In areas with low selenium in the soil, patients with what is medically known as "muscular syndrome" are also found, presenting with muscle pain and weakness in walking. In addition, 17 common diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cataract, fertility decline, and prostate cancer are related to selenium deficiency.

Studies have shown that selenium deficiency or selenium deficiency can not only prevent the occurrence of tumors and liver diseases, but also improve the body's immunity, maintain the normal function of important organs such as heart, liver, lungs and stomach, and prevent the occurrence of senile heart and cerebrovascular diseases.

Selenium is an important element for maintaining the normal function of the heart, and has a protective and repairing effect on the heart muscle. The decrease in the blood selenium level in the human body will lead to the decrease in the function of scavenging free radicals in the body, resulting in the increase in the deposition of harmful substances, the increase in blood pressure, the thickening of the blood vessel wall, the decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels, the slowing down of blood flow, and the decrease in oxygen delivery function, thereby inducing an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Keshan disease, large bone joint disease, cataract, thyroid disease, etc., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver disease, diabetes.

The amount of blood selenium in the body is also a reference for anti-cancer ability.

Keshan disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, cancer, diabetes, liver disease, cataract and other diseases.