What kind of intelligent surgical robots do surgeons need? Doctor s Column

Almost every surgical robot can make the surgical operation more detailed, the surgical process more standardized, and finally improve the quality of surgery and thus improve the efficacy. Taking the laparoscopic surgical robot as an example, several of its advantages are described below:

First, it can realize the control of the six-degree-of-freedom equipment that conforms to the subjective movement of the abdominal cavity of the body, which can achieve more detailed and convenient surgical operations compared with the four degrees of freedom of traditional laparoscopic surgical equipment.

Second, it can provide scaled motion, which can reduce the movement of the human hand by a certain proportion, and dedicate the motion command to the control robot, and gradually realize more precise control;

Third, it can provide 3D stereo vision to further ensure the accuracy of doctors' control. Other advantages include the ability to perform the operation in a seated position, and to record the procedure for review and learning.

With continuous support, the conditions for independent development and industrialization of surgical robots have been well improved, and excellent results have been obtained, such as the "Holy Hand" surgical robot of Tianjin University and the "Toumai" surgical robot of Shanghai Minimally Invasive Medical Robot Enterprise have already been approved, and they have been able to see their shadow of treating diseases and saving people in the hospital.

In addition, in recent years, more and more firefighting robots have slowly appeared in firefighting missions, so that our firefighters are more and more safe when fighting fires. Firefighting robots are the "special forces" in the robot group, including fire extinguishing robots, explosion-proof robots, rescue robots, smoke exhaust robots, and their firefighting drones.

As we all know, it is quite dangerous at the scene of the fire, in the raging fire, human firefighters are flesh and blood, and the fire, smoke, toxic gases, etc. will cause danger to the lives of firefighters. The application of firefighting robots can solve these problems very well. Don't look at their small size, the whole body is made of explosion-proof materials, which can replace firefighters to enter the high-risk environment of high temperature, explosives, harm, and lack of oxygen.

Robots have a very wide range of applications in all walks of life, especially when the future robot technology has been mature, and now the technology is not very mature in many aspects, and the application is not particularly much. However, if the technology is developed enough in the future, people can use it for surgery, use it to engage in some dangerous industries, and some operations with high precision properties. <>

Now the ground also prefers to use this kind of intelligent robot, this high-end robot manufacturing cost is relatively high, but it does have a good advantage that people can not compare, can be a doctor on the operating table. Then this hand must be particularly steady. He can't tremble, everyone's physique is different, and some people are born unable to do this job, but even if it is like this, a human hand is a human hand after all, how can it be?

It's not shaking at all, people can do it with a small robot, as long as you set the route, the robot can walk along the route steadily, and there will be no deviation. <>

After all, there may be a lot of voices in a hospital, but there may be only a few doctors who can do surgery, and these doctors have limited energy. They are real people, and they may be in good shape when they first start working, but they work 8 hours and 12 hours in a row, and the number of patients in the hospital does not change according to the state of these doctors, and it may suddenly increase one day. If there is not enough manpower for the robot, there is no problem, and he can perform surgery 24 hours a day without any problem.

Therefore, now major hospitals are gradually considering the introduction of intelligent robots. Intelligent robots go to surgery, some simple operations are no problem, and some difficult surgeries can also play an auxiliary role, greatly reducing the difficulty of doctors' operations, and also reducing their own energy. After all, the more energy they preserve, the more hope of survival for future patients, no one knows how many patients a doctor will come into contact with a day.

The robotic arm can simulate various operations of human hands 360° without dead angles and blind spots, and has human-like hand joints, and the operation accuracy is even higher than that of human hand operations.

This is because as long as the surgical robot is well designed, it will operate more accurately during the operation, and the surgical effect is better than that of manual work, so surgeons like surgical robots.

With the help of surgical robots, the probability of success of the operation can be improved, the whole surgical process can be smoother, and the surgical operation can be more refined.

Each system of the robot is equipped with a robotic arm, which transmits the on-site image of the operation to the doctor's location through the wireless terminal, and the doctor determines the progress of the operation according to the on-site image. In this way, the robot can replace the doctor to perform the hand Bisong delay.

On 7 September 2001, a female patient was lying on the operating table of a hospital in Strasbourg, France, while the medical team was far away in New York, USA. In this way, Li Sheng, a doctor, completed a gallbladder removal operation through a remote control "Zeus" robot, which was an epoch-making operation called "Lin Bai Surgery".

How is the surgery performed remotely?

1.The on-site image of the operation is transmitted to the doctor's place through the wireless terminal, and the doctor determines the process of the operation according to the on-site image;

2.Using a joystick similar to a video game, the doctor converts the next action into digital information that is passed to a remote patient to control the movements of a local medical device (robotic arm).

Of course, the doctor manipulates the robot to do the operation, and the effect of the operation is mainly determined by the doctor's level, and the high-precision performance of the robot is only convenient for the operator to complete the operation more smoothly and successfully.

The first generation of surgical robots has been used in many operating rooms around the world. These robots are not truly automated robots, they cannot perform the surgery on their own, but they provide useful mechanized assistance to the operation. These machines still require a leakage surgeon to operate them and give them commands.

The control methods of these surgical robots are remote control and voice activation.

Laparoscopic surgery is like a doctor holding chopsticks to operate in the patient's body, maintaining a posture for a long time, and often having back pain when getting off the operating table; With da Vinci surgery, the doctor can observe the patient's body in real time through the console, and can zoom in 10 to 15 times, and the 3D image in front of him looks like it has actually entered the patient's stomach.

Because of the small trauma and precise operation, the vast majority of patients do not need blood transfusions, which can better protect the surrounding organs, and the hospital stay is relatively shortened. 」

A study in the prestigious medical journal JAMA mentions that the odds of complications between robotic-assisted surgery and laparoscopic surgery are almost the same when a total hysterectomy is performed, but the average cost is nearly $2,200 more.

Nor can it be said to be the best, nor is it the most economical. This at least shows that there is no clear advantage of robots when it comes to total hysterectomy.

If it's surgery, there's a risk.

The FDA's medical device database receives hundreds of adverse event reports of the da Vinci robot every year, most of which are actually human misoperation, but there are also a few machine failures that cause injury or death to patients.

However, robot-assisted surgery is still relatively safe because the machine is generally more stable than a human. Perhaps because the doctors who have the qualifications for robotic surgery in China have already had rich experience in surgery, there have been no serious accidents with surgical robots reported in China. <>

Although surgical robots have some advantages over human hands, there is still a long way to go before automated robots can operate on humans without human involvement. However, with the development of computer power and artificial intelligence, a robot will be designed in this century that can find anomalies in the human body, analyze them and correct them without the need for human guidance.