What are the three concepts of Chinese Studies?

One refers to the traditional Chinese academic and cultural system;

second, it is used to refer to traditional Chinese culture in general;

The third refers to the research system of traditional Chinese culture.

The term "national studies" has existed since ancient times. "Zhou Li" said: "The musician is in charge of the politics of national learning, and teaches the country to dance." In ancient China, "Guoxue" refers to the state-level official school established in Beijing.

The concept of "national studies" used in modern culture began in the early 20th century. The "country" here is the meaning of the country, the "learning" is the meaning of academics, and the "national studies" are the inherent academics of the country. In modern China, the term "Chinese Studies" refers to the traditional Chinese ideology, culture and academic system before the impact of Western culture.

This is the common use of the concept of "Guoxue" in modern China.

This meaning of the Chinese character "Gugokhak" is widely used in East Asia, for example, in South Korea, there is the "National Gak Gak Promotion Institute", and the "Gugogak" used by Koreans refers to the traditional academic culture of Korea. Japan has "Kokugakuin University", which aims to pass on Japanese culture and spirit, and the term "kokugaku" used by the Japanese refers to the unique national culture and spirit of Japan.

In a broad sense, ancient Chinese literature, philosophy, agriculture, architecture, painting, poetry, dance and other excellent cultures can be called Chinese culture. If you want to learn or learn more about the culture of Chinese culture, you can pay attention to the "charm of Chinese culture", the avatar is a pink Peking Opera Hua Dan, this *** is more comprehensive.

The meaning of "Chinese culture" refers to the ideological system that uses traditional Chinese cultural classics as the carrier to express the traditional social values and moral ethics of the Chinese nation.

Hanshu. The Art and Literature Chronicle has a basic classification of Chinese culture, which is divided into six parts. These six parts constitute the predecessor of Chinese culture.

Part I: Six Arts. It refers to the six classics of "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn".

The six arts have the big six arts and the small six arts. The six arts are six techniques: etiquette, music, archery, royalty, mathematics, and art, which are specific to cultivate people's personality and various skills.

The Great Six Arts are the Six Classics. At all times, the scriptures are always at the top of the list. This is the spirit of China, and it is a very important thing in the spirit of Chinese culture.

Part II: The Hundred Schools of Thought. The princes are like the princes who accompany the emperor when he travels, and each performs his own duties.

The sons of Confucianism, Taoism, Moism, Legalism, Celebrity, Yin and Yang, Farmers, Zongheng, ** and so on. Sinology is the core of Chinese civilization, and there are classics such as "Yellow Emperor Yin Fu Jing", "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Yu Ion" and "Sushu" in the past dynasties.

Part III: Poetry. Poetry and fu are not the same, they are two different genres. Hanshu. "There is "Poetry and Rhythm" in the Art and Literature Journal. In ancient times, talents can be endowed by ascending to the heights, and we are not as good as the ancients.

Part IV: The Book of War. The Book of War is a very important part of the classification of ancient knowledge, and the number of techniques and square techniques discussed later are regarded as practical and rational.

Part 5: Numbers. For example, "Zhou Yi" as a divination.

Part 6: Fang Technique. Intrafacial surgery and medical techniques are all square techniques.

Generally speaking, "Sinology" is also known as "Sinology" or "Sinology", which refers to traditional Chinese culture and scholarship. Sinology includes ancient Chinese philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, research, ethics, traditional Chinese medicine, agriculture, mathematics, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy and painting, architecture, and many other aspects.

The concept of "Chinese Studies" was born in the twenties of the 20th century, when the wind of reform of "Western learning to the East" was in full swing, and Zhang Zhidong, Wei Yuan, and others put forward the concept of "middle school" (Chinese studies) in order to contrast with Western learning, and advocated that "middle school is the body, Western learning is the application", on the one hand, to learn Western civilization, and at the same time to restore the study of the Han and Han scriptures.

Sinology is based on the classics of the pre-Qin dynasty and the hundred schools of thought, covering a unique and complete set of cultural and academic systems such as the classics of the two Han dynasties, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Taoism of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the science of the Song and Ming dynasties, the practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, the six dynasties, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan qu and the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The theories of the hundred schools of thought of the pre-Qin Dynasty coexist and resonate, and there is no master-slave relationship between Zheng Zhen, if we talk about the role played by the period, each school of thought plays an explicit or implicit role in each period, but the field of action is different;

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed the hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", it was Confucianism that played a mainstream role in the field of ideological education, but other schools of thought also played an important role in different fields, such as Taoism and Legalism in the political field, Taoism in the military field, military school, Taoism in the medical field, medicine, and other schools in various fields (famous, Mohist, peasant......And so on.

Mainstreaming in one area is not the whole story. Therefore, there is no distinction between master and slave among the various schools of Chinese studies, and there is no question of which school of thought is the main body.

In a broad sense, Sinology refers to the cultural inheritance and academic records of the Chinese dynasties.

Including ancient Chinese history, philosophy, geography, politics, economics and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. In the narrow sense, Sinology refers to ancient Chinese doctrines. Modern Sinology is a broad concept, although it is closely related to classics, but its value orientation is different, and its meaning is broader, covering all kinds of traditional scholarship in the subset of classics and history.

It is generally believed that Sinology is the "abbreviation of Chinese Studies", as opposed to "Western Studies". Some commentators have pointed out that "modern Chinese studies is not a simple continuation of traditional scholarship, but a transitional form of Chinese scholarship from tradition to modernity under the influence of modern Western studies." ”

Sinology is based on the classics of the pre-Qin dynasty and the hundred schools of thought, covering a unique and complete cultural and academic system such as the classics of the Han Dynasty, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Buddhism of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the science of the Song and Ming dynasties, the practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the poetry of the pre-Qin Dynasty, the Han Fu, the six dynasties, the poetry of the Tang and Song dynasties, the Yuan qu and the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The pre-Qin Zhuzi Hundred Schools of Thought are coexisting and resonant, and there is no master-slave relationship, if we talk about the role played by the period, each school of thought plays an explicit or implicit role in each period, but the field of action is different; Various theories also play an important role in different fields, and the mainstream role in one field does not mean all.

Sinology in a broad sense refers to ancient Chinese culture and scholarship, including ancient Chinese history, bent fiber philosophy, geography, politics, economics, and even calligraphy and painting, Yixue, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture, etc. In the narrow sense, Chinese culture refers to ancient Chinese doctrines, which are represented by the thoughts and doctrines of the pre-Qin gods, including Confucianism, Taoism, Bingjia, Legalism, Moism, etc.

Sinology is based on the pre-Qin classics and the hundred schools of thought of Zhuzi, which covers the two Han classics, Wei and Jin metaphysics, Sui and Tang Buddhism, Song and Ming Dynasty science, Ming and Qing dynasty realism and the same period of pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, six dynasties and six dynasties, Tang and Song poetry, Yuan Qu and Ming and Qing dynasties and other complete set of cultural and academic travel and wilderness. In Chinese history, "Guoxue" refers to the official school headed by "Guozijian", and since the "Western study has spread eastward", it has generally referred to "traditional Chinese ideological and cultural scholarship" compared to Western learning.