Why did Shang Ying s reform succeed while Wang Anshi failed?

The success of Shang Ying's reform was because when Shang Ying changed the law, the vested interests were only nobles, and Shang Ying did not need to rob the interests of the common people, so it only needed the strong support of King Qin to get it. Moreover, Shang Ying's military merit reward was a release to the Qin people, so that ordinary people had an upward channel, and the people also supported it.

When Wang Anshi changed the law, the times were already different. First of all, Wang Anshi's reform was mainly to compete with the common people and the entire bureaucratic system at that time for interests, and the change of law without changing the bureaucratic system and population structure was doomed.

Second, Wang Anshi's experience in lower-class life is limited, and some of the laws and regulations are taken for granted and easily exploited, such as the Qingmiao Law, which was originally a temporary law in a disaster year, but was forced to be universalized, so that many farmers who did not need loans were forced to take out loans; In addition, Wang Anshi stipulated that the interest rate of the Qingmiao Law was one to two cents, but as a result, because of the collusion between the executor of the law change and the lending bank, the interest rate was raised to four cents, which became usury, causing many peasant households to be unable to repay the loans, and eventually selling their children and daughters.

Finally, Wang Anshi's decree was extremely unfair, such as the Baojia Law, which was a decree to deal with the country's temporary wartime recruitment, which was supposed to be universally effective, but in the end this decree only took effect on the common people in the frontiers, so the common people in the frontiers desperately moved to the big cities in order to avoid this kind of military service that was unfavorable to them.

Therefore, Wang Anshi's decree was not supported by the common people, and he himself became the target of attack by the bureaucracy at that time.

Comparing the two changes, the following conclusions can be drawn: first, the banner of reform can never be handed over to a radical person like Wang Anshi who does not understand the people's livelihood; Second, the reform should do a good job in anti-corruption work; Third, the reform must be fair; Fourth, reform and employment must employ people who have a deep understanding of the reform policy. I personally believe that as long as any of the above four articles are violated, no matter how good the reform is, it will be a disaster!

At this time, the Qin State was in a weak Qin, and the order of seeking talent said, "But there are strange plans to strengthen Qin".

The Shang monarch has a solid backing for the reform of the law, the monarch supports the reform of the law with an iron heart, Confucianism is not valued, and the rule of law is regarded as the goal of strengthening the country, and the so-called troubled times use heavy codes.

Wang Anshi's reform lacks these factors.

Shang Ying and Wang Anshi were monarchs of two different dynasties. : The monarch stands on the position of changing the law, and it is possible to strategize in the officialdom when the time is ripe. On the contrary, in the face of the opposition of many officialdom, it is sure to fail. That's why it's important to cut the feudal domain.

The Shang Dynasty Reform Law was suitable for the requirements of the new landlord class, and many ordinary people could become the requirements of the new landlords through military exploits. In a word, it conforms to the trend of the times and the needs of the interests of the emerging class.

Wang Anshi's reform is just a redistribution of interests within the ruling class, do you think those landlord class (vested interests) are willing? Just like the current housing prices, if you go up, you want to come down, and those who have a house are willing.

Shang Ying would rather sacrifice himself and sacrifice himself for the success of the law change, Wang Anshi did not dare to dare to dare not.

A good society is nothing more than having vested interests and balancing those with vested interests.

Looking at it, you will find that there are two reasons: one is that the Shang Martingale change has received less resistance, while Wang Anshi's reform has received greater resistance, so it has failed. The second is that the Shang Dynasty reform law was highly supported by the supreme ruler, while the supreme ruler of Wang Anshi's reform law failed to unswervingly implement the reform and had a wavering ideological outlook.

Judging from the first reason, the era in which the Shang Dynasty changed the law was the period of the Warring States Period, but far to the west, it was less influenced by the conservative Central Plains culture, and the folk customs were relatively simple, and the crisis faced by the Qin State at that time was the danger of losing the country, and the domestic social contradictions were extremely prominent, so it was urgent to change the law to maintain. Therefore, in such a situation, the resistance to the Shang Martingale change is naturally much smaller. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, where Wang Anshi lived, although there were also social contradictions at that time, they were not prominent, and the social class at that time had been solidified, forming an extremely large conservative force, which made Wang Anshi's resistance on the way to change the law too great, so it was difficult to succeed.

From the second point of view, the period of Shang Ying's reform was the period of Qin Xiaogong, and during the reform of more than 20 years, Qin Xiaogong held an unwavering and long-term supportive attitude, which made Shang Ying's reform law can be implemented smoothly. At that time, for Song Shenzong, as the supreme ruler, the political situation was greatly affected, and the conservative forces involved in the court were deeply affected, and the first decision power was weaker; In addition, he wavered on the issue of expression, did not give Wang Anshi unswerving faith and confidence, and made the voice of the villain force always exist and quite high, and did not give the most firm support for the change, which made Wang Anshi's change fail and ultimately failed.

Therefore, based on the difference in the background of the era in which the reform was produced, and the difference in the support of the supreme ruler, Wang Anshi's reform was inferior to the Shang Ying's reform, which led to the failure of Wang Anshi's reform.

Introduction: Shang Ying and Wang Anshi, as famous doers in ancient times, are almost equal in ability, and both of them have put forward a theory of changing the law in the governance of the country, but one succeeds and one fails. Careful study shows that the two people's methods of changing the law are almost the same, so what is the reason for such a situation?

In fact, to put it simply, it is mainly because of the size of the country of the two, a small country is naturally easier to govern than a large country, and the country's assets are rich, which becomes a stumbling block when changing the law. <>

Because of its small size and low degree of development, the Qin State was equivalent to a blank sheet of paper, giving Shang Ying a lot of room for development, and the Qin State was located in a remote area, which was more like an uncultured barbaric region in other countries. At that time, the state of Qin was still inferior to the other six countries in terms of both economic level and cultural level. Therefore, compared with the other six countries, the Qin State does not have to be bound by tradition, and it is easier to change the law, which is also a unique advantage of the Qin State.

And the imperial power of the Qin Dynasty is not strong, even if they oppose the change, it is not very lethal. <>

Looking at Wang Anshi's Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty had accumulated culture for more than 100 years at that time, and the cultural foundation was solid, and it was very difficult to change their traditional thinking. At that time, Sima Guang was a very clear representative, and the Confucianism represented by Sima Guang was very good at using the words of sages to confront problems, and using moral theories to criticize those who changed. This also led to the fact that Wang Anshi's change of law at that time was very difficult, and Sima Guang and others were naturally incomparable to those royal families of the Qin Dynasty.

Shang Ying's reform was easy to implement at that time, and it could bring great profits to the people, so naturally many people would agree to Shang Ying's change, and Shang Yang could easily win the hearts of the people. And Wang Anshi's idea of changing the law is also very good, which can not only make the country rich, but also allow the peasants to earn more money, but the helpless thing is that the bureaucracy is strong, so that his reform cannot be implemented, which also caused the failure of Wang Anshi's reform.

Shang Ying's reform and Wang Anshi's change, why did Shang Ying succeed but Wang Anshi failed? The background of the era in which Wang Anshi changed the law was more complex. The Shang Dynasty Reform Law happened to be the stage before China's feudal society, the period when a hundred schools of thought contended.

Wang Anshi's reform did not solve the most important social contradictions, and the rulers, reformers, opponents, and executors at that time were not as good as the Qin State at that time, so he was doomed to failure.

Shang Ying's reform was from the standpoint of the emerging landlord class and represented the transformation of the advanced productive forces, but he touched the interests of the old forces, that is, the slave owner class, and was inevitably opposed by some people, but in essence strengthened the Qin state.

However, Wang Anshi stood on the standpoint of the landlord class to make small changes to the original system, the Northern Song Dynasty had complicated social problems such as redundant officials and redundant army, and the contradictions between the landlord class and the peasant class were acute, and Wang Anshi's reform did not adapt to the new productive forces, but only reconciled the contradictions between the two to a certain extent, so it could not solve the main problems of the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was essentially unsuccessful.

Because reform has to reconcile contradictions, it will inevitably hurt the interests of the landlord class and arouse their dissatisfaction, and the reform will safeguard the landlord class, so it cannot satisfy the interests and needs of the peasants, and it is not pleasing to both sides.

So failed. The revelation and lesson is that change can only be positive, meaningful, and in line with the times from the perspective of the new productive forces.

ps: The above is to help you understand this question, as for the standard answer, the college entrance examination should have a standard answer, and you have to ask the teacher.

Wang Anshi's "Shang Marting".

Since ancient times, the people have been driven in faithfulness, and a word is heavy and light.

Today's people can not be Shang Ying, and Shang Yang can make the government must be done.

Translation: From ancient times to the present, the management of the people is to be trustworthy and to do what is said. Shang Ying is very credit-worthy, focusing on one word and lightening one hundred gold. How can you, the opposition to the law, casually accuse Shang Ying, and if Shang Yang had the indomitable spirit of Shang Ying, how could the new law not be smoothly promoted?

In "Shang Ying" written by Wang Anshi, he believes that the reason for the success of Shang Ying's reform is Shang Ying's indomitable spirit.

Both the Shang Yang Reform and Wang Anshi's Reform were reforms of the landlord class, the difference being that the former was a political reform and the latter was an economic reform.

Differences:1The nature is different: the Shang Dynasty Reform was a feudal movement; Wang Anshi's law of change was a reform that partially adjusted the internal contradictions in feudal society.

2.The fundamental purpose is different, and the Shang Dynasty reform law should fundamentally abolish the old system and establish a new system; Wang Anshi's change of law was to save the crisis of the Northern Song Dynasty's rule and partially adjust the relations of production.

3.The results were different: the Shang Dynasty established the feudal system, abolished the old system, and developed the feudal economy, making the Qin state the most powerful state.

Although Wang Anshi's reform of the law has achieved certain results, it has violated the interests of large landlords and big bureaucrats, and after the death of Song Shenzong, Sima Guang served as prime minister, and the new law was almost completely abolished.

4.The contradictions are different: the main contradictions to be resolved by the Shang Dynasty reform are the contradictions between the emerging landlord class and the slave-owning aristocracy, and the contradictions between the feudal productive forces and production relations and slavery.

The main contradiction to be solved by Wang Anshi's reform is the contradiction between the feudal state and some landlord classes, and the problem of financial difficulties is solved.

Similarities:1The direct purpose is to enrich the country and strengthen the army.

2.The changes were all supported by the royal power, and they all violated the interests of the big bureaucrats and big landlords.

3.They all pay attention to the use of talents without exception, and at the same time attach importance to agricultural production.

4.have strengthened their control over the people.

5.The personal fate of the changers is basically the same.

Similarities: The purpose is to enrich the country and strengthen the army; The changes have all made adjustments to the relations of production; all are supported by the supreme ruler; all of them failed because they offended the big nobles and big bureaucrats and were strongly opposed by them; The personal fate of the changers is basically the same.

Differences: The background is different, the Shang Dynasty reform occurred in the period of great social change in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the old and new systems alternated; The law of Wang Anshi's change occurred in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty when the reign was in crisis. Different in nature:

The Shang Dynasty Reform was a feudalization movement; Wang Anshi's law of change was a reform that partially adjusted the internal contradictions in feudal society.

The Shang Dynasty Reform was a challenge from feudalism to slavery, and its purpose was to establish a new social system.

Wang Anshi's reform was a reform of the feudal system, and its purpose was to consolidate the feudal system.

Similarities: the background is the same, that is, the social crisis: serious land annexation; peasant revolts and struggles continued; redundant officials, redundant soldiers, redundant expenses, financial difficulties; Threats from Liao and Western Xia.

The goal is the same: to consolidate the rule and save the crisis.

The role is the same: they all touch the interests of the old forces.

The result was the same: the old forces strongly opposed it, defeated.

The nature is the same: it is a reform that partially adjusts the internal contradictions of feudal society.

Differences: The content of the center is different: the center of the Qingli New Deal is to rectify the rule of officials, and the center of Wang Anshi's reform is financial management.

The measures are different: the new policy of Qingli is mainly in politics, such as a strict promotion and evaluation system for officials, strict government decrees, and winning the trust of the people; Wang Anshi's reform includes measures such as financial management, military affairs, and taking scholars.

The reasons for the failure were different: Wang Anshi's reform of the law due to improper employment of people, there were some phenomena that endangered the people, and after the death of Song Shenzong, the new law was abolished;The Qingli New Deal violated the interests of the big bureaucrats and big landlords, and thus failed.

The impact is different: Wang Anshi's reform has reversed the situation of poverty and weakness to a certain extent;The Qingli New Deal played a certain role in easing social contradictions, but it did not have much effect because the time was too short.

The degree of reform is different: Qingli New Deal partial reform;Wang Anshi changed the law and carried out comprehensive reforms.

Understanding: Reform will inevitably be obstructed by the old forces, and it will not be smooth sailing, and we must give full consideration to the complexity and arduousness of reform. Reform measures must be effective and pay attention to the interests of the common people. In the process of carrying out reforms, it is necessary to employ people appropriately.