How does the earth s crustal material circulate, and what is the geological cycle and biological cyc

The movement of crustal materials constitutes a large and small material cycle process, among which the largest, longest and most far-reaching is the geological cycle. The relationship between geological processes and crustal movement and plate tectonics is a problem of crustal material circulation.

Chinese name. Circulation of crustal materials.

Research the question. Geological processes and crustal movements.

Circulating substances.

Magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks.

What to study. Plate tectonic relationships.

Geological cycles. Studies have shown that from the formation of the primitive crust 3.536 billion years ago to the present, there has been a large-scale material cycle, known as the geological cycle, between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere [1] beneath it. The energy that drives the geological cycle mainly comes from the decay of radioactive materials in the Earth's interior, which is converted into thermal energy, which is converted into mechanical energy that drives the movement of lithospheric and asthenosphere materials.

In the course of the geological cycle, the lithosphere is born in some places and gradually dies out in others. It is accompanied by the vicissitudes of the earth and the continuous transformation of the material form of the earth's crust.

Transformation of rocks.

Circulating substances.

It can be roughly divided into magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.

Cyclic process. Illustration of the material cycle of the earth's crust.

The magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks exposed on the surface can be reformed into sedimentary rocks through surface geological processes (weathering, denudation, transport, sedimentation and diagenesis) under the action of various surface forces such as water, ice and atmosphere. The sedimentary rocks formed on the surface of the earth's crust can be swept into or buried deep underground by tectonic movements, and metamorphic rocks are formed by metamorphism. When subjected to high temperatures and melted, it can be transformed into magmatic rock. The metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks in the deep crust can rise and be exposed on the surface through the uplift of tectonic movements and the weathering and denudation of surface geological processes, and enter the stage of forming sedimentary rocks.

Brief description: Crustal movement Geological processes such as plate tectonics and magmatic activity generate new rocks and uplift high mountains to make the ground and ocean floor uneven. The physical, chemical and biological geological processes, as well as the geological processes of water currents, glaciers and winds, weather, fragment, dissolve and transport rocks to the basin to make up for the low.

The ocean basin is the lowest point on the earth, and in principle, the material on land must return to the ocean floor and be deposited as rocks on the ocean floor (including chemical sedimentation, biological sedimentation and solid detrital deposit). Finally, it dies as the tectonic plates move back into the mantle. This is the earth's crustal material cycle.

Stereometric analysis. 1 The reason why no rocks more than three billion years old have been found in the earth's crust is that the earth's crust has been fully circulated.

2 The taller the mountains in the world, the younger. The reason for this is that the mountains are formed by the new ocean floor.

The basic driving force of the earth's crustal material circulation is the slow convection of mantle material.

The material in the earth mainly moves through the earth's crust, for example, there is a ridge at the bottom of the seabed, and this is where the earth's material is produced, and it will continuously produce new seafloors by extending to both sides, and then through the trenches, so that the crustal material returns to the earth.

The geological cycle refers to the weathering of crystalline rock minerals under the action of external forces into fine and soluble substances, which are transported by flowing water and migrated to the ocean, and become sedimentary rocks after a long geological time.

The biological small cycle is due to the weathering of the parent material, for the plant growth to provide the possibility of plant growth on the parent material, plants absorb mineral nutrients, water and other living substances and conditions, to build their own organisms, so that part of the soluble nutrients are preserved, when the plant dies, through the decomposition of microorganisms, the nutrients in the organic residue become inorganic substances, and part of it is reused. The process of utilizing, and accumulating nutrients through repeated absorption by plants is called the biological microcycle.

Biological Circulation:

Elements in the environment are absorbed by living organisms, are used at multiple levels in the ecosystem, and then go through the action of decomposers, and then absorb and utilize them for producers.

Geological Cycle:

Substances or elements are absorbed by living organisms and enter the biological organism from the environment, and the biological organism then returns the substance or element to the environment in the form of dead bodies, residues or excrements, and enters the five natural circles of the atmosphere, water, rocks, soil and the biological cycle.

The serial number is not clear, by looking at most of the arrows pointing to f, it can be seen that f is magma, follow the arrows, the magma cools into magmatic rock, the magmatic rock partly undergoes metamorphism to become metamorphic rock, and part of it becomes a weathered matter through crustal uplift, and the weathered matter becomes a sediment through disintegration, decomposition, dissolution and transportation, sedimentation, sediment becomes a sedimentary rock through burial and diagenesis, and the sedimentary rock melts into magma after high temperature.

A magmatic rocks, B metamorphic rocks, C regoliths, D sediments, E sedimentary rocks, F magma. I can't see the serial number clearly, so you can fill it in according to my description, I hope it can help you. This answer is purely a personal opinion, I really took a lot of effort to answer the question, like one.

I am a representative of the geography class, I have some insight into geography, if there are any other questions that need my help**) Give points.

This is geography in high school.

Magmatic upwelling in the deep Earth—formation of intrusive rocks inside the earth's crust (eruption of the surface to form volcanic rocks)—Metamorphism to form metamorphic rocks)—Formation of sedimentary rocks by exodynamic geological processes (e.g., weathering, denudation, sedimentation) — plate subduction (surface rocks entering the deep mantle).

The breakthrough here is 2, and there are two arrows pointing to 2, and 2 must be metamorphic rock. 2 metamorphic rocks form 4 magma through remelting and regeneration, 4 magma cools and solidifies to form 1 magmatic rock, 1 magma rock forms 3 sedimentary rocks through external forces (weathering, erosion, transport, sedimentation, consolidation into rocks), 3 sedimentary rocks and 1 magmatic rocks can form 2 metamorphic rocks through metamorphism.

1 is magmatic rock, 2 is metamorphic rock, 3 is sedimentary rock, and 4 is magma.