What is the specific performance of the heyday of the hundred schools of thought?

In Chinese history, the contention of a hundred schools of thought refers to the emergence of different schools of thought among intellectuals in the Spring and Autumn Period and the situation of competition between various schools of thought, and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the most brilliant in thought and culture. In the era of the twinkling stars, there were hundreds of schools of thought, calamity and contention with each other, and an unprecedented academic situation, which occupied an important historical position in the history of Chinese intellectual development. During the Spring and Autumn Period, various schools of thought were formed at the same time, and the ancient Greek civilizations complemented each other.

Take Confucius. Lao Tzu, Mozi.

During the Warring States Period, represented by the three major philosophical systems, a prosperous situation was formed. But to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

At that time, the policy of overthrowing the hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone was implemented, so Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius became the ideological orthodoxy of the ruling class, and ruled Chinese ideology and culture until the end of the Han Dynasty. During this period, society changed drastically, and many problems remained to be solved.

The heyday of a hundred schools of thought was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During this period, various schools of thought emerged one after another, and a situation of competition between different schools of thought was formed.

Specific manifestations include:

1.Representatives of various schools of thought gathered to give lectures, discuss academics, and write books and lectures.

2.He put forward various political propositions and statecraft in the hope of using his own doctrine to solve social problems.

In short, the heyday of the hundred schools of thought was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, during which the activities of various schools of thought were very active, which had an important impact on the development of Chinese ideology and culture.

The reasons for the emergence of a hundred schools of thought can be summarized as the following factors:

First, political factors. At that time, it was a period of great social change, and the society was in turmoil, and the various vassal states were in dispute. In order to achieve supremacy in the struggle, the kings of the vassal states competed to recruit talented people and use different ideas and doctrines to make their countries rich and powerful.

This creates a relaxed academic atmosphere for hundreds of schools of thought to contend.

Second, economic factors. At that time, there was a great economic development, which made it possible for certain people to become idle and have time to engage in their own academic activities.

Third, scientific and technological factors. Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, medicine and other aspects have reached a high level at that time. These scientific and technological achievements indicate the improvement of people's level of understanding and enrich people's spiritual world and material life.

Fourth, cultural factors. At that time, "the Son of Heaven lost his official position and studied in Siyi", and the result was to break the situation of "learning in the government", so that the cultural and academic culture and scholarship that had been monopolized by the aristocracy spread to the lower strata of society and moved down to the people (this historical phenomenon is called "cultural downward shift"), resulting in "private learning flourishing".

Fifth, the factor of academic freedom. Academic societies are relatively independent of political power. Although they proceeded from the interests of different social groups, they wrote books and speeches, discussed current affairs, expounded philosophies, and formed their own opinions, but they were not political vassals and attached to a certain political power group, but "if they use me, they will stay, and if they don't use me, they will go".

In addition, the various schools of thought, and between different schools of the same school, both fight with each other and learn from each other. This is also another important factor contributing to the contention of a hundred schools.

There are political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological, and academic reasons, which are detailed below;

1. Political reasons. At that time, the society was in an era of great changes, the society was in turmoil, and the vassal states established their own countries one after another, in order to be in a hegemonic position in the competition, so the vassal states at that time recruited and absorbed talents, and wanted to use different doctrines to make their countries stronger. Such an environment provides a good academic environment for scholars from all walks of life, and also provides a good academic atmosphere for hundreds of schools of thought to contend.

2. Economic reasons. The rapid economic development of the time allowed some scholars to obtain things without having to work on their own. In the case of economic easing, they were able to continue their doctrine.

3. Cultural reasons. The official positions that were originally only hereditary nobles were gradually allowed to be held by lower-class scholars, and the status of the common people was improved. It promoted the development of culture and education, so there was even a wave of going to school at that time.

4. Scientific and technological reasons. At that time, science was greatly developed, such as optics, acoustics, mathematics and medicine. The development of academia also shows the improvement of people's living standards, and at the same time enriches people's spiritual and cultural world.

5. Academic reasons. Although scholarship was very popular at that time, because it was not as chaotic as in the past, scholarship depended on a certain power, and although the power at that time was independent, it did not depend on various political forces, and it existed independently. Therefore, although various academic schools struggle with each other, they still learn from each other and learn from each other in the struggle, which forms an academic atmosphere in which a hundred schools of thought contend.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the rapid development of social productive forces promoted the development of commerce and the prosperity of towns at that time. Traditional culture has been violently impacted, and at the same time, because of the exchange of various academic cultures, many famous teachers have emerged.

Answer: 1. Explanation of the terms of a hundred schools of thought.

1. It refers to the phenomenon that there are many "hundred schools" in the field of academic thought during the Warring States Period and argue with each other. At that time, there were many academic schools, including Confucianism, Law, Taoism, Mo, Mingming, Yin and Yang, Vertical and Horizontal, Agriculture, and Miscellaneous. They wrote books and made speeches, lobbied and argued, forming a situation in which "a hundred schools of thought contended for the morning."

It played a role in promoting the development of ideology and scholarship at that time, and also had a profound impact on the development of social economy.

2. The contention of a hundred schools of thought refers to the emergence of different schools of thought among intellectuals during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) and the situation of competition between various family schools.

There are four reasons for the emergence of the 'Hundred Schools of Thought'.

1. Economically, the collapse of the Ida system (this is the root cause).

2. Politically, the Zhou royal family is weakened.

3. In terms of class relations, the 'scholar' class is active and is reused.

4. 'Learning in the government' has developed into 'learning in the people'

Its influence: 'Hundred schools of thought contending' is the first ideological emancipation movement in Chinese history, an important stage in the history of China's academic culture, ideological and moral development, and laid the foundation for the development of China's ideology and culture.

The main reason for the contention of a hundred schools of thought is that there are many princes, forming their own cultural cores, and gradually promoting their influence.

Taking Confucianism in Lu as an example, it is the most orthodox country to continue the Zhou rites, so there is no absolute difference between Confucian etiquette and Zhou rites, but rather a process of inheritance and sublimation.

Taking the Mo family of the Song State as an example, the Song State lived between the Qi State in the Central Plains and the Chu State in the Southern Xinjiang, so it was threatened by war all the year round, and the panic of the people formed a combination of love, non-attack, and peace for several terms.

The regional environment and unique political system determined the fate of the vassal states, influenced the ideological formation of the people, the broad cultural control, and promoted the spread of doctrines.

As a result, when the nations passed the war and the princes gradually merged, various doctrines were integrated and spread, and when the overlord recruited talents, there was a grand occasion of a hundred schools of thought!

political factors, at that time, it was in a period of great social change, and the vassal states were full of disputes;

economic factors, at that time there was a great development of the economy, and everyone had time to engage in their own academic activities;

scientific and technological factors, science and technology have made great progress;

Cultural factors, at that time, "the Son of Heaven lost his official position, and he studied in Siyi", breaking the situation of "learning in the government", resulting in "private learning flourishing"; The academic freedom factor is that the academic communities are relatively independent of political power.

The most fundamental reason for the emergence of a hundred schools of thought is that they are open-minded, encourage divergence, and can express their opinions at will. If there are various restrictions, everyone does not dare to express their own speech, and can only follow the mainstream to complete and comment, then they will also use the mainstream to restrain their own behavior, so there is no need to talk about a hundred schools of thought. It is estimated that simple innovation is laborious.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the achievements of various schools of thought and scholarship complemented the ancient Greek civilization of the same period; The three major philosophical systems represented by Confucius, Laozi, and Mozi. In the Warring States period, a prosperous situation was formed in which hundreds of schools of thought contended. However, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the policy of "deposing a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" was implemented, so Confucianism, represented by Confucius and Mencius, became the ideological orthodoxy of the ruling class and ruled Chinese thought and culture for more than 2,000 years.

The reason for the emergence of a hundred schools of thought is the influence of various trends of thought, and the impact of great changes in people's society. In this era, Legalism, Moism, Confucius, and Confucianism played a role in the spine under the drive of some people.

In the turbulent times of great change, the result of fierce competition.