Fertilize the soil conditions, what fertilizers to use to improve the soil

Soil testing and formula fertilization generally need to determine the ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil, whether to analyze trace elements should be determined according to the actual local situation, comprehensively considering soil type, crop type, agricultural production level and other factors. For example, in Inner Mongolia, the content of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, silicon, manganese and copper in the soil is relatively abundant, and generally does not need to be measured. However, for many years, the main rice producing areas need to measure the available silicon of the soil samples, the main corn producing areas need to measure the available zinc of the soil, the main wheat and rapeseed producing areas need to measure the available boron of the soil, and the main soybean producing areas need to measure the effective molybdenum of the soil.

Senior agronomists, cooperatives, and agricultural extension workers can use the soil nutrient tester to analyze and test relevant projects. The soil nutrient tester can be widely used to detect the following items:....

Fertilization must take into account the soil because: first, fertilization is only necessary when the soil is insufficient for a certain nutrient**, and it is not necessary to apply all the essential elements to the soil. Because most of the nutrients are sufficient, otherwise it will cause waste and even cause crop poisoning.

This is sometimes overlooked. Second, after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, there will be a series of changes, which will affect the fertilizer effect to varying degrees. If nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is applied in paddy fields, it will inevitably reduce fertilizer efficiency.

When the soil cannot provide the nutrients required for the growth and development of crops, the act of artificially supplementing crops with nutrients is called soil fertilization.

Organic fertilizer. Biological fertilizer. Plant straw (must be rotted) is OK, but the improvement time is relatively slow... It depends on what effect your soil has. There are professional methods for what crops to grow and to what extent the soil is improved.

1. One of the methods of full-layer fertilization base fertilizer application. Depending on the nature of the fertilizer used, the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the soil through tillage, and can be used for sowing, dense planting or crops with a large amount of fertilizer. Full-layer fertilization accelerates the maturation process of the soil, allowing the crop to receive nutrients throughout the growing season and extending the root system downward.

2. A method of layered fertilization and application of basal fertilizer. Combined with deep ploughing and deep ploughing, a large amount of delay-acting fertilizer is applied to the surface layer of the soil to achieve uniform distribution of nutrients in each layer of soil.

3. A fertilization method that provides nutrients during the growth and development of plants in stages. In the specific application of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing, top dressing can be divided into several periods according to the growth and development period to make fertilizer. Such as winter wheat rejuvenation jointing fertilizer and booting fertilizer.

Phased fertilization can reduce fertilizer loss, apply nutrients when needed, better absorb by crops, and control plant growth and development. This is a frequently used fertilization method.

First, increase the application of organic fertilizer, manure, human and animal urine fertilizer, and compost.

Wet manure, green manure.

and other agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content, which can increase and maintain the organic fertilizer content of the soil. Where conditions permit, a large amount of fertilization (river mud, peat.

Wait. ) can be applied, and the effect on increasing soil organic matter content is obvious. Second, straw returning is an effective measure to improve soil and improve soil productivity.

First, put the straw in the soil after composting; The other is that after the crops are harvested, the straw is chopped and sprinkled on the surface, and then ploughed with a plow and returned directly to the field. This improves the physical properties of the soil.

Promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby improving soil fertility. Thirdly, reasonable rotation is a farming method. There are two points to pay attention to in crop rotation: one is to appropriately increase legumes.

The planting area, planting leguminous plants for about four years in the rotation process can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, while a large number of leguminous roots, stems and leaves can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and improve soil fertility. Second, the planting of soil-consuming crops should be controlled, and beans and melon crops should be rotated for more than 5 years, which is conducive to restoring soil fertility and preventing diseases. 4.

Grass planting and fertilization of fields should be strongly promoted to plant leguminous forage grasses to improve soil fertility and increase economic output. At present, osmanthus and alfalfa can be planted to improve the soil, fertilize the soil and improve soil productivity. 5. Rationally adjust the proportion of land used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

The development and restoration of forestry is a favorable measure to balance the ecology, improve climatic conditions, and turn a vicious circle into a virtuous circle. Rational development of animal husbandry can provide a large amount of organic matter for the soil, which is a direct measure to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.

The methods to improve soil fertility include: increasing fertilizer, reasonable crop rotation, increasing soil amendment, and returning straw to the field.

1. Increase fertilizer: The most common way to improve soil fertility is to apply fertilizer, through the application of compost, manure, green manure and other agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content to increase and maintain the organic fertilizer content of the soil.

2. Reasonable crop rotation: increase the planting area of leguminous crops, rotate leguminous crops every four years, can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, and at the same time, after the leguminous green manure is turned into the soil as a base fertilizer, a large number of roots, stems and leaves can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil conditions and improve soil fertility.

3. Increase the application of soil amendment: soil conditioner can improve soil quality, rejuvenate the soil with serious acidification, salinization, compaction and excessive fertilization, improve soil continuous cropping obstacles, improve the soil environment suitable for the growth of crops, and benefit the virtuous cycle of soil, improve soil water retention and soil adsorption performance.

4. Straw returning to the field: after the crop is harvested, the straw is chopped and evenly sprinkled on the surface of the soil, and then pressed with a plow to return it directly to the field, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and increase the air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, thereby improving soil fertility.

Causes of fertility loss

1. Extensive farming. Now most of the no-tillage direct broadcast technology is adopted, although the labor is saved, the pants are time-saving and labor-saving, but the tillage is more extensive, and the ploughing is not thorough, and the bottom layer of the plough can not be broken, resulting in poor soil permeability, poor group particle structure, and reducing the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.

2. The proportion of soil nutrients is out of balance. Due to the different fertilizer requirements of various crops, it is difficult for unit fertilizer in the market to match the special fertilizer suitable for crop growth and development, and the lack of certain elements in the soil makes the soil nutrient ratio imbalanced and causes fertility decline.

3. Wind erosion and water erosion. Water and wind erosion caused by force majeure conditions such as natural climate affect soil fertility and decrease.

4. Improper fertilization. The unreasonable fertilization method does not pay attention to scientific fertilization, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate. Shallow fertilization, unplanned fertilization, and blind fertilization will all cause fertility decline.

1. Increase fertility: apply compost and other agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content to increase and maintain soil fertility. 2. Reasonable crop rotation:

Cropping leguminous crops rotated every four years can increase the amount of nitrogen in the soil. 3. Increase the application of soil amendment: improve the water retention of soil and improve the adsorption performance of soil.

4. Straw returning: return the chopped straw directly to the field.

1. Increase fertilizer

The most common way to improve soil fertility is to apply fertilizer, through the application of compost, manure, green manure and other agricultural fertilizers with high organic matter content to increase and maintain the organic fertilizer content of the soil, river mud, grass and other places can be applied a large number of fertilizers, which has a significant effect on improving soil fertility.

2. Reasonable crop rotation:

Increasing the planting area of leguminous crops, rotating leguminous crops every four years, can increase the nitrogen content in the soil, and at the same time, after the leguminous green manure is turned into the soil as a base fertilizer, a large number of roots, stems and leaves can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil conditions and improve soil fertility.

3. Increase the application of soil amendments

Soil amendment can improve soil quality, rejuvenate soil with serious acidification, salinization, compaction and excessive fertilization, improve soil continuous cropping obstacles, improve the soil environment suitable for crop growth, benefit the virtuous cycle of soil, improve soil water retention, and improve soil adsorption performance.

4. Straw returning to the field

After the crop is harvested, the straw is chopped and evenly sprinkled on the surface of the soil, and then turned over with a plow to press it, and it is directly returned to the field, which can improve the physical properties of the soil, increase the air permeability, water permeability, and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, thereby improving soil fertility.

1. Biological land cultivation: It is the use of organisms and their remains to cultivate soil fertility or improve soil, such as planting leguminous crops, green manure to implement rotational cropping, stocking green weed, rice field fish farming, etc.

2. Chemical cultivation: that is, chemical fertilizer landing, its theoretical basis is Liebig's only view that minerals in the soil are the only green plants of Qi residue, that chemical fertilizers can be used to replace the effect of organic fertilizers with trace elements and siliceous fertilizers, for example: chemical fertilizers can promote soil nutrient balance, expand material circulation, promote plant residues, residual flowers to cultivate organic matter, until inorganic to promote organic effect.

3. Combination of organic and inorganic: the application of organic fertilizer (including straw returning) can effectively return soil phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and can also send the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, cultivate soil fertility, and improve the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizer.