Which one of the Zhuangzi uses the words of Confucius as an example? What is the background?

borrowed from Zhuangzi's "Leisurely Travel", from the record in the book "Qi Harmony".

Original text: Turned into a bird, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, flies angrily, and its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to the south.

Translation: Kun changed into a bird, and its name was Peng. Peng's back, I don't know that the scum cavity is thousands of miles long; When it vibrates its wings and soars straight away, its wings are like clouds hanging in the sky.

This bird is about to migrate to the southern sea when the wind blows the sea.

1. In "Zhuangzi", Confucius said and Zhong Ni said that they are often not what Confucius really said.

2. The seven articles in the "Zhuangzi" are the works of Zhuangzi himself, and most of the outer chapters and miscellaneous articles are written by other people in the Taoist school, pretending to be written by Zhuangzi.

3. The images of Confucius and others in the Zhuangzi are virtual, and they are virtual as objects of polemic.

4. However, the beauty of the rich is only Taoism. The books "Liezi" and "Crane Guanzi" came out late, and they were all forgeries by later generations; The one who survives today is the Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi is named Zhou, a native of Song Zhimeng, Gai is later in Mencius, and tastes as a lacquer gardener.

The book is more than 10,000 words, the big leather calendar is fabled, the characters are all empty words and no facts, and its text is full of oceans, manners and manners, the works of the sons of the late Zhou Dynasty, Mo can not be first. (Lu Xun's "Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", the third part of "Lao Zhuang").

5. Confucianism and Taoism are still the two main streams that envelop Chinese thought, and I believe that this will be the case for a long time in the future. De Xiaoqian said it well: "Confucianism is the philosophy of those who succeed or hope to succeed, and Taoism is the philosophy of those who fail or have tasted the bitterness of success."

The thoughts and behaviors of Taoism are nothing more than the rebellion against tradition, the escape from society, the love and study of nature, the rejection and boredom of being an official, and the seemingly contradictory behavior of being born without being, acting without fear, and growing without slaughter. Many of the most attractive aspects of the Chinese character come from Taoist traditions. If there is no Taoism in China, it is like a tree without roots.

Joseph Needham, History of Ancient Chinese Scientific Thought, Chapter 3, "Taoism and Taoism Conclusions").

6. Zhuangzi, Mengren, Mingzhou. Zhou Wei was the official of the Mengqi Garden, at the same time as King Liang Hui and King Qi Xuan. Its learning is all-encompassing, but it should be attributed to the words of Lao Tzu.

Therefore, he wrote more than 100,000 words, and most of them were fables. He wrote "The Fisherman", "The Thief", and "The Thief", in order to denigrate the disciples of Confucius and the art of Ming Laozi. The genus of tiredness and emptiness and hyperactivity are all empty words and no facts.

However, it is a book and a resignation, referring to the situation of things, and using plagiarism and ink to peel off Confucianism and ink, although the world cannot be exempted from self-extrication. His words are self-indulgent, so he can't use them from the prince. The king of Chuwei heard Zhuang Zhou Xian, so that the thick coin greeted him, and Xu thought it was a phase.

Zhuang Zhou smiled and said to the envoy of Chu: "A thousand gold, heavy profits; Prime minister, honorable position. Zi Du doesn't see the sacrificial cattle of the suburban sacrifice?

The number of years old for nourishing food, clothes with embroidery, to enter the temple. When it is, even if you want to be a lonely dolphin, how can you get it? The son is gone, and I am not defiled.

I'd rather be happy in the desecration of the game, not bound by the country, not for life, to be fast and ambitious. ”…Taishi Gong said: Lao Tzu's noble way, nothingness, in response to the change in inaction, so the book is called subtle and difficult to understand.

Zhuangzi scatters morality, let go of opinions, and returns to nature. ("Historical Records: The Biography of Lao Tzu Han Feilie").

The words of Confucius are quoted to suppress the current theory by emphasizing the words of ancient sages or celebrities of the time. However, Zhuangzi's true intention was not to worship the ancient sages and celebrities of the time. He used the idea of idolatry in the world to speak through idols.

It's a bit of a "Togu reform". He sometimes borrowed the Yellow Emperor, sometimes the old man, and sometimes Confucius; There were not enough figures in history, so he created many ancient "Mr. Wuyou" to let them talk about the Tao and let them debate with each other, whether they were positive or negative, not certainly; But on every occasion, there must be a hidden Zhuangzi. If you understand the error of an ancient's opinion, you should reflect on it yourself to see if there is the same error, and you are convinced that the theory of a certain ancientman is correct, then you know that this correct theory is exactly the same as what Zhuangzi saw?

Since the Yellow Emperor, Lao Dan, and even Niu Mao Ma Bo, all of them are the materials of Zhuangzi's writing, and what he wants to do with you for him, you have to do what he wants to do with his imagination. Let's take Confucius as an example: Confucius in the book "Zhuangzi", it can be said that there are several personalities; Sometimes he exalted Confucius to the top and made a representative of Zhuangzi himself; Sometimes he put Confucius in the second class, similar to Lao Dan and Guan Yin, (in the "Tianxia Chapter", Lao Dan and Guan Yin are first-class, and they are inferior to Zhuangzi), sometimes he returns Confucius to his original face, and often receives lessons from Lao Dan, and even sometimes he scolds Confucius sickly, saying that he pretends to use the sentences of "Poems" and "Rites" to steal the grave (the great Confucianism who made his fortune with "Poems" and "Rites" in "Foreign Objects" is obviously alluding to Confucius).

Zhuangzi did this to Confucius, and it was the same to other ancient sages and philosophers. In the whole book of "Zhuangzi", this kind of tautology also accounts for a lot, according to himself, it accounts for seven-tenths of the whole book.

The book "Zhuangzi" can only be regarded as the philosophical thought of the Zhuangzi school, and cannot be used as another academic historical material in the book "Zhuangzi". In the past, when I saw a famous scholar compiling the philosophy of Confucius, he also went to the book "Zhuangzi" to collect materials, and I couldn't help but fall for it! You must know that the whole book of Zhuangzi is all dialects, fables and tautologies, all of which are contained in the dialects, so it is said to be a "trinity".

It is not surprising that the views and examples of Confucius, Lao Tzu and others are always quoted in the book "Zhuangzi", which is a bit borrowed from the ancient Yinjian.

Above, I hope it will help you.

There's a reason for that.

Zhuangzi's quotation of Confucius implied criticism.

For example, in the article "Autumn Water", he praised Confucius and Mencius through the mouth of Hebo, and used the sea god Ruo to satirize the insignificance of Confucius and Mencius and the greatness of Taoism.

Another point is that the passages of "Zhuangzi" included in the middle school textbooks are all excerpts, and they all praise Confucius and Mencius, and the excerpts that criticize Confucius and Mencius have been deleted, which is very depressing.

also looked at "Autumn Water", the people's education version of the high school textbook only went to the place that Hebo said, and the words of the sea god were deleted.

In the process of extensive contact with the biological world, ancient scholars further deepened their understanding of the relationship between various animals and plants and their surroundings. The Zhuangzi is a book that contains a wealth of ecological knowledge. Zhuangzi (c. 369 BC, 286 BC) was a native of the Warring States Song Dynasty (now northeast of Shangqiu, Henan).

He inherited and developed Lao Tzu's view of "Taoism and Nature", denied that ghosts and gods dominate the world, and believed that the Tao is non-action, formless, transcending time and space, and has existed before there is heaven and earth, and is the creator of all things, more than 2000 years ago, Zhuangzi believed that between different kinds of creatures, due to the relationship between food, there is a series of complex relationships between Qi Song.