What are the reasons for the defeat of Shu, and what are the real reasons for the demise of Shu?

I think Zhuge Liang has a great responsibility, Zhuge Liang's way of looking at people, selecting people, and employing people, due to the general environment, that is, after the Yiling War, the turbulent period of Shu Han, internal and external troubles, he used the elderly, cultivated talents, and carefully selected talents, and there was no fault. But when Shu Han settled down, Zhuge Liang still chose talents like this, which was his mistake. (Although Zhuge Liang made up for it quickly, he immediately chose a Jiang Wei, but unfortunately it was too little) I think that the employment of people should be used according to the shape, situation, and situation at that time, Liu Bei and Cao Cao looked at people in troubled times, selected people, and employed people beyond the Han method of employing people, so they can be successful.

And Zhuge Liang is also right to weigh and employ people when he is suffering from internal and external troubles. However, the situation is different, and the difference requires a change in the method of employing people. Sticking to the old ways will lead to the decline of the country.

The real reasons for the demise of Shu are mainly these.

The first reason is that Zhuge Liang has been in power for a long time, Liu Chan is mediocre and incompetent, he has no experience in governing the country, and he slowly begins to just want to have fun. The land of Shu is very small, and no matter how rich the people are, the money and grain cannot surpass Cao Wei and Sun Wu. Shu lacked generals, many generals slowly died, and there were few generals available gradually.

was destroyed by Wei.

The second reason is that the fundamental reason is the gap in national strength, which will be defeated sooner or later. Population is not of an order of magnitude. In ancient times, it was the population that fought wars. The population of Shu has been decreasing year after year, and the country is getting poorer and poorer. The state of Wei waited for the national strength to flourish, and the end would definitely be defeated.

The third reason, the main one, is the problem of the concept of national governance. The interests of the people of Wu are bound to the state, so what I want in my heart is to be with the country. And Shu Han is that the good people of the country will not get benefits, and they should starve or starve, so they are all spectators who stand by and watch, so that the national strength is greatly reduced and is destroyed into nature.

The fourth reason, the most fundamental reason is that Liu Bei is a foreign regime, in the era of the rise of the scholar clan in the late Han Dynasty, the Jingzhou system that Liu Bei brought into Yizhou failed to integrate with the local scholar clan in Yizhou, but fought for many years and fought within the group. When the first generation of the better Jingzhou system left, of course, there was no successor, because the local scholars did not support this foreign regime at all (so the talents in the later Shu period withered, and Zhuge Liang did not carry this pot). When Deng Ai finally destroyed Shu, Shu surrendered one after another, without resistance, who will be the emperor is not the emperor, it is better than the surname Liu.

So in the final analysis, Shu Han is a colonial regime, and it is only a matter of time before it is destroyed.

The fifth reason is that there are many groups within Shu Han, but few in Cao Wei. The territory of Shu Han is small, the mass production is insufficient, the economic strength is small, the distribution of group interests is insufficient, the overall contradiction is aggravated, and the resistance ability is limited, resulting in the weakness of Shu Han.

The sixth reason, in fact, is that there is no other, that is, it is weak and has few people, and the ancient population is a vital strategic material. At that time, most of the population was still in the Central Plains.

The most fundamental reason for the demise of Shu Han was internal and external troubles, and the huge gap in national strength.

The basis of national strength is population, and without sufficient population, there will not be enough arable land and grain output, let alone enough tax revenue and military resources.

In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, the population of Wei was 4.3 million, the population of Wu was 2.3 million, and the population of Shu was only 940,000. The gap is very stark.

More intuitively, when Wei invaded Shu, there were 180,000 troops in Sichuan alone, while the entire Shu army was less than 100,000 at that time. Not to mention the labor launched by the Wei State. In the agrarian era, the most difficult thing for a large army to go out was logistical supply, and often three or even five laborers were needed to provide logistical support for one soldier.

The road to Shu is difficult and dangerous, and I am afraid that in the battle of Shu, the number of laborers levied by Wei will not be less than the total population of Shu.

This huge gap cannot be bridged by any talent.

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang worked hard for eleven years and cultivated countless talents, so that the late Shu Kingdom was still full of talents, including Jiang Wan, Fei, Dong Yun, Wu Yi, Jiang Wei, Wang Ping, Ma Zhong, and Deng Zhi, Zhang Wei, Lu and other heroes, and the talent reserve was not worse than Liu Bei's period.

But no amount of talent can turn into millions of people, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, and the food taxes they need to feed them.

There are 6 reasons why Shu did not unify the world.

First, Guan Yu was arrogant and stubborn, looked down on the Eastern Wu people, and as a result, he lost Jingzhou and destroyed the Sun-Liu alliance.

Second, Liu Bei failed to defeat Wu and lost hundreds of thousands of troops and killed Huang Zhong, and the strength of Eastern Wu after this war far exceeded that of Shu.

Third, Ma Tan lost the street pavilion.

Fourth, in the later period of the Three Kingdoms, there was no capable person in Shu, and there was a serious shortage of talents, and there was no general Liao Hua in Shu as a pioneer.

Fifth, during a Northern Expedition, he didn't listen to Wei Yan's plan, and Sima Yi understood that Zhuge Liang didn't dare to take risks.

Sixth, the reason for Zhuge Liang's failure to go out of Qishan was the loss of Jieting and Jingzhou, and the grain transported from Hanzhong to the front line was a mountain road where the grain could not keep up.

From a strategic point of view, the territory of Shu is not suitable for the north, and that territory needs to be developed for too long, more for self-preservation, and Longzhong is at a strategic disadvantage against the three points of the world.

In the battle of Jingzhou and Yiling, Guan Yu abandoned Jingzhou to gather troops to attack Fancheng, and Liu Bei divided his troops to defend the narrow road; The latter two battles of destroying the calendar were the Shu State without heavy troops and the attack was defended, Kong Ming Northern Expedition once sighed, the army did not have the fiber search general Liao Hua as the vanguard, but it is a pity that the Northern Expedition lacked generals and few soldiers.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition failed, after the Battle of Jingzhou and the Battle of Yiling, the basic national strength of Shu has become the weakest of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang was desperate, wanted to attack as defense, and forced Wei to not dare to destroy Shu easily by attacking Wei, but he met Sima Yi, so that he died in Wuzhangyuan in middle age. The failure of the battle of Yiling, the national policy of Shu is to occupy Jingzhou, Yizhou, and take the world when the time comes, after Liu Bei seized Hanzhong, Jingzhou was lost, and Liu Bei could not bear it, he would definitely recapture Jingzhou because the strategic attempt for the overall situation of Shu directly led to the failure of the strategy of attacking Wei from Jingzhou and Yizhou. The disaster of the loss of Jingzhou, the root cause of which I think can be traced back to the battle of Cao Cao's Chibi, as early as when Liu Bei visited the thatched house, Kong Ming formulated a national policy for him, that is, to occupy Jingzhou first, and then occupy Yizhou, in order to wait for the time, the second road and take the Central Plains.

Liu Bei did not replace Liu Jingsheng with Jingzhou when he was seriously ill, causing him to lose his wife and almost lose his son.

You mean the failure of the Northern Expedition, right? Because as a country, Shu in the comprehensive national strength, geographical conditions are not advantageous, survived for decades, it is not easy, in the Three Kingdoms, Dongwu has the Yangtze River barrier, rich Jiangnan, Cao Wei has a rich Central Plains, vast northern Xinjiang and a large population, only Shu Han, population, talent is not as much as the two countries, except for the Chengdu Plain, there is almost no arable land, geographically there is neither a vast strategic depth, nor a natural barrier, Rao is so, Liu Bei, Zhuge is relying on their own efforts to play a piece of the world, full of the Three Kingdoms. The Northern Expedition failed, there are many reasons, it can be said that the Northern Expedition must fail, doomed to failure, one is as mentioned above, the national strength is not as good, the other is political reasons, Liu Bei was thirsty for talent earlier, but the employment mechanism is localized, and Cao, Sun's use of interests, political means to win people's hearts is different, the Liu family relies on feelings and so-called loyalty to employ people, in this way, not only can not recruit talents, but also cause unclear rewards and punishments, Guan and Zhang repeatedly violated military law but did not punish is the proof, another disadvantage of heavy feelings is that national leaders are easy to be emotional, Liu Bei angrily attacked Eastern Wu, Kong Ming caused Shu Han in addition to the loss of Jing Xiang two major decision-making mistakes, in other words, Liu Bei does not understand politics, in the troubled times, but also use that set of etiquette, righteousness, benevolence and loyalty to teach the world, if it is Guangwu after sitting in the world, he will be a good emperor in history, but unfortunately his goal is to set the world, fight the world, the serious consequence of the frontier of the employment mechanism is the lack of national reserve talents, the military generals are old children and grandchildren in addition to the old, civil officials due to Kong Ming's intentional or unintentional suppression, Basically, there is no so-called talent, and it is better for military generals to have no weak soldiers under strong generals, because the strong in the army are respected, and for civilian officials, strong leadership means that there is no opportunity to promote and develop, and display their talents.

Third, the loss of Jingxiang, this is the first major mistake of Shu Han, it can be said that the loss of Jingxiang this strategic place and people, grain, it is doomed to the failure of Wei, even today, Jingxiang is also the center of China, south to the south of the Yangtze River, north into the Central Plains, east of the Jianghuai, west into Sichuan and Shu, can be described as the place of the four wars (sortie), although it is not easy to defend, but there is Sichuan and Shu as a strategic rear, not can not be defended, but unfortunately Uncle Liu Huang does not understand politics, improper use of people, the same important is also the use of food here, ancient war food as the top priority, 7 times to defeat Wei 6 times in the grain, the suffering, self-evident, and then people, talent needless to say, and then under such a system it is difficult to produce talents, here to talk about the source of soldiers and labor, in the later period of the Wei Dynasty, Shu not only exhausted the source of soldiers, but also the mobilization of hundreds of thousands of conscription and mobilization also siphoned off the original small labor force of Shu Han, resulting in military food is not only difficult to transport in Shu, but also has no food to transport, the army and the people compete for food, the consequence is that the country is shaken. Fourth, the unclear climatic reasons, since ancient times, most of the forces of the north unified the south, the reason is not clear, probably because the climate in the north is cold, creating a strong physique and will, the Kuomintang and the Communist Civil War, the American Civil War, etc., the most typical is the defeat of the Song Dynasty in Liao, the destruction of Liao in Jin, and the destruction of Jin in Mongolia.