What substances are released when microorganisms are metabolized in the formation

What are the metabolites of microorganisms.

Different concepts: In the metabolism of microorganisms, microorganisms generally absorb various nutrients from the outside world through catabolism.

and anabolism, the process of generating substances and energy that sustain life activities, called primary metabolism and secondary metabolism is a concept proposed in relation to primary metabolism. It is generally believed that secondary metabolism refers to the process in which microorganisms use primary metabolites as precursors to synthesize some substances that have no clear function for the life activities of microorganisms during a certain growth period.

Different products: The products of primary metabolism, that is, primary metabolites. Such as monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives, nucleotides.

Vitamins, amino acids.

Monomers such as fatty acids and various macromolecular polymers composed of them, such as proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids and other essential substances for life. The products synthesized through secondary metabolism are called secondary metabolites, and most of them are compounds with complex molecular structures. According to their action, they can be divided into antibiotics.

Hormones, alkaloids, toxins and other types of secondary metabolites can accumulate in the cell, but they are usually secreted outside the cell, some have a certain relationship with the differentiation of the body, and play an important role in the survival competition with other organisms.

The scope of existence is different: the metabolic system, metabolic pathways and metabolites of primary metabolism are basically the same in all kinds of organisms, and it is a basic metabolic type that is common in all kinds of microorganisms. Secondary metabolism only exists in some microorganisms, and metabolic pathways and metabolites are different from different organisms, that is, the same organism will also produce different secondary metabolites due to different culture conditions.

The effect on microorganisms is different: through primary metabolism, nutrients can be converted into structural substances, physiologically active substances or provide energy for growth, so primary metabolites are usually essential substances for the survival of the body, as long as there is an obstacle in a certain link in the synthesis process of these substances, it will cause growth to stop, and it will lead to mutation or death in the body, which is a basic type of metabolism. Secondary metabolites generally have no clear function for the life activities of the bacteria themselves and do not participate in the cell structure.

composition, nor enzymatic activity.

Essential, not necessary for the growth and reproduction of the body, even if there is a disorder in a certain link of secondary metabolism, it will not lead to the cessation or death of the body's growth, at most it will only affect the body's ability to synthesize a certain secondary metabolite. But many secondary metabolites are usually important to humans and the national economy.

has a significant impact.

When microorganisms are metabolized in the formation, they will release some relatively fertile trace elements, such as some sodium, which is one of the elements used as fertilizer.

The process of handing out electrons released by the oxidation of organic matter directly to some intermediate product that is not completely oxidized by itself, while releasing energy and producing a variety of different metabolites.

2. In the process of degrading the substrate, microorganisms hand over the released electrons to electronic carriers such as NAD(P)+, FAD or FMN, and then transfer them to exogenous electron acceptors through the electron transport system, so as to generate water or other reduced products and release energy.

3. It refers to the oxidation of inorganic oxides (such as NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, etc.) instead of molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

It is mainly a mushroom that releases some microorganisms, and then it grows, but not every mushroom can be eaten.

What substances are released when microorganisms are metabolized in the formation, and one is released when microorganisms are metabolized in the formation. Amino acids soap amino acids will slowly seep out into the formation.

When microorganisms metabolize in the formation, what substances will be released, this knowledge of chemical principles, I don't understand what substances may be released in metabolism, then it becomes useless dust, or substances that cannot be seen clearly.

Now that microorganisms are in the formation, their metabolism is whether we will release substances that will be released, or we can get attention, and we can all help us solve problems.

Microorganisms metabolize in the formation and they emit red matter because they emit different substances at each growth stage.

Microorganisms are released when they are zoned in the formation.

Metabolites of microorganisms.

It can be divided into primary metabolites and secondary metabolites.

Primary metabolites refer to substances that are necessary for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms through metabolic activities, such as amino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, etc. Through primary metabolism, nutrients can be converted into structural substances, physiologically active substances or provide energy for growth, so primary metabolites are usually essential substances for the survival of the body, as long as there is an obstacle in a certain link in the synthesis process of these substances, it will cause growth to stop, and it will lead to mutation or death in the body, which is a basic metabolic type.

Secondary metabolites refer to substances that are produced by microorganisms at a certain stage of growth with complex chemical structures, have no obvious physiological functions for the organism, or are not necessary for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, such as antibiotics, toxins, hormones, pigments, etc. Different species of microorganisms produce different secondary metabolites, which may accumulate inside the cell or excrete into the environment.

Breakdown of polysaccharides. The sugar we are talking about here is not just the sweet-tasting sugar, but mainly starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, etc., which are formed by the polymerization of many simple sugar compound molecules.

The decomposition of starch is catalyzed by the amylase produced by microorganisms, because starch is formed by the polymerization of many glucose molecules, so the starch is finally decomposed to produce glucose, maltose, etc.

Breakdown of cellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide compound on the planet and is a long-chain macromolecule formed by the polymerization of many glucose molecules. Many microorganisms are able to secrete enzymes that break down cellulose, and cellulase produced by soil microorganisms breaks down crop straw and eventually produces glucose.

Decomposition of hemicellulose. The structure and composition of hemicellulose vary depending on the type or location of the plant, and the enzymes used by microorganisms to break down hemicellulose are also diverse. Hemicellulose is broken down to produce xylose, arabinose, and so on.

Decomposition of pectin. Pectin is the main substance that constitutes the interstitium of plant cells, and the microorganisms that decompose pectin are mainly some bacteria and fungi, and some organic acids and alcohols are produced after decomposing pectin.

Decomposition of chitin. Chitin, also known as chitin, is a component of fungal cell walls and insect body walls, and is also the main component of the shells of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crabs. They are nitrogenous polysaccharide substances that are not easily decomposed, and ordinary organisms cannot decompose it, only some bacteria and actinomycetes can decompose and use it.

Chitin is first broken down into chitobiose by chitinase, which is broken down into N-acetylglucosamine by chitinase.

Decomposition of lignin. Lignin is a component of the plant content second only to cellulose and hemicellulose, generally accounting for 15-20% of the dry weight of the plant, and can account for about 30% of the residue in wood. The chemical structure of lignin is very complex, but in nature, there are still some microorganisms that are able to decompose this type of substance, among them, the decomposition ability of basidiomycetes.

When basidiomycetes decompose lignin, they often decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and other substances at the same time.

Breakdown of fats. The breakdown of fats by microorganisms mainly relies on the action of lipases to produce glycerol and fatty acids. Under aerobic conditions, fatty acids are thoroughly oxidized and a large amount of energy is released.

Breakdown of proteins. Proteins are large molecular weight compounds made up of amino acids and come in a wide variety. Proteases produced in microorganisms break down proteins into smaller peptides, which are then broken down into amino acids by peptidases.

Most of the proteases produced by microorganisms can be secreted outside the cell and are called extracellular enzymes, but peptidases have extracellular enzymes and intracellular enzymes that are not secreted outward and only exist in the cell. Microorganisms can also break down the amino acids that make up proteins to form amines and alcohols. Kyung-ki.

1. Microbial metabolism refers to a series of chemical reaction processes in which microorganisms absorb nutrients to maintain life and proliferate and degrade substrates, including the degradation of organic matter and the proliferation of microorganisms. In catabolism, organic matter undergoes oxidation, exothermic and enzymatic degradation processes under the action of microorganisms, which degrades macromolecules with complex structures. In focal combustion anabolism, microorganisms use nutrients and energy released in catabolism to undergo the process of reductive endothermy and enzyme synthesis to make microorganisms grow and proliferate.

2. Endogenous respiration is the process of cytoplasm self-oxidation and release of energy, when the organic matter is sufficient, the cytoplasm is synthesized in large quantities, while endogenous respiration is not significant; When there is a lack of nutrients, the energy required for microbial life activities can only be obtained by absorbing and oxidizing its own cellular substances through endogenous respiration.

3. Metabolism, referred to as "metabolism", is the basic process of life activities, and is the basis for maintaining the growth, reproduction, movement and other life activities of living organisms. The reaction is the sum of all the chemical reactions carried out by the living organism with the internal and external world.