Fifteen Research Methods and Meanings of Junior High School Physics

1. Control variable method.

The control variable method is one of the commonly used scientific methods to explore and analyze problems in junior high school physics experiments.

2. Equivalent substitution.

Equivalent substitution method refers to the method of substitution of equivalent phenomena similar to or common characteristics in the study of a certain physical phenomenon and law, which cannot or is difficult to directly reveal the physical essence due to the special limitations of the experiment itself or the limitations of experimental equipment.

3. Conversion method.

Some physical quantities are not convenient for direct measurement, and some physical phenomena are not convenient for direct observation, and the method of obtaining conclusions by converting them to physical phenomena that are equal to or related to them can be easily measured.

Fourth, the analogy method.

Analogy is a method of reasoning. In order to explain the physical problems to be expressed, we often use concrete, tangible, and well-known things as analogies to those abstract, intangible, and unfamiliar things to be explained, and understand and master certain characteristics of another similar object by relying on certain characteristics of a relatively familiar object.

5. Image Method.

Image is a mathematical concept used to represent the relationship between one quantity and another, which is very intuitive. Since it is often necessary to study the change of one physical quantity with another physical quantity in physics, images have a wide range of applications in physics.

6. Idealization method.

The idealization method refers to a scientific method of building models and conducting experiments through imagination in physics teaching. It can be divided into idealization model and idealization experiment.

That's it for now.

Control variable method.

Equivalent substitution.

Conversion method. Analogy.

Imagery.

There are six of them:

1. Control variable method.

The so-called control variable method refers to a physical quantity.

It is influenced and constrained by multiple physical factors.

2. Conversion method.

In physics, some physical phenomena that are not easy to observe or physical quantities that are not easy to measure directly are usually recognized by some more intuitive and easily observable phenomena, or indirectly measured by physical quantities that are easy to measure, and this method of studying the problem is called the conversion method.

3. Analogy.

In order to make the physical things to be expressed, the thinking method of finding out some identical or similar quantities between two different kinds of things often compares those abstract, incomprehensible, and unfamiliar things with concrete, intelligible, and well-known things. For example, in physics textbooks, water flow is used to analogy electric current; Analogy with water pressure; Analogy with a pumping machine for a power supply; The concept of speed is used as an analogy between mechanical power and electrical power.

concepts, etc. 4. Equivalent substitution.

The equivalent substitution method is referred to as the "equivalent method", and the so-called "equivalent method" is a method that converts unfamiliar, complex and difficult problems into familiar, easy and easy to deal with in a specific sense and on the premise of ensuring the same effect.

5. Establish an ideal model method.

In order to meet the needs of research, the physical entity or physical process is transformed into a certain model through scientific abstraction, which ignores some secondary factors and highlights the main factors, which makes physics teaching simple, visual and intuitive, and easy for students to understand.

6. Scientific reasoning.

It is an important ideological method in physics research to draw conclusions through bold, scientific and reasonable reasoning to draw conclusions and profoundly explain the essence of physical laws.

What are the scientific methods of junior high school physics, which are as follows:

1. Observational physics is a discipline based on observation and experiment. A lot of people's knowledge of physics is carefully summarized and pondered through observation and experiment. The famous Magdeburg hemispheric experiment proved the existence of atmospheric pressure.

In teaching, students can be required to observe carefully and meticulously, carry out standardized experimental operations, obtain accurate experimental results, develop good experimental habits, and cultivate experimental skills according to the Burning Ling experiment in the textbook, such as the measurement experiment of physical quantities such as field, time, temperature, mass, density, force, current, voltage, etc. Most of them are observational.

2. Control variable method, a commonly used research method in physics research, the control variable method. The method of controlling variables is to artificially control the factors or conditions that affect the law of change of things in the process of studying and solving problems, so that some of the conditions change or do not change according to specific requirements, and finally solve the problems studied. It can be said that any physical experiment must be studied according to the purpose, principle and method of the experiment and the control of certain conditions.

3. Transformation MethodSome relatively abstract microscopic physical phenomena that cannot be seen and touched, and it is necessary to study their motion and other laws, so that they can be transformed into well-known macroscopic physical phenomena that can be seen and touched to understand them, and this method is called "transformation method" in science.

For example, if the air cannot be seen or touched, we can recognize it according to the action of the air flow (wind); Molecules cannot be seen or touched, and are not easy to study, but they can be understood by studying the diffusion phenomenon of ink;

The current cannot be seen or touched, and when judging whether there is a current in the circuit, we can recognize it according to the effect of the current; The magnetic field cannot be seen or touched, and we can recognize it according to the effect it produces.

1. Control variable method: by fixing a few factors into a number of single factors to affect the size of a certain amount.

1. Factors affecting the speed of evaporation; 2. What factors are related to the effect of pressure;

3. Study what factors are related to the magnitude of sliding friction; 4. Factors affecting the size of resistance;

5. Study the relationship between current, voltage and resistance (Ohm's law); 6. What factors are related to the magnetic strength of the electromagnet?

7. Explore the action of magnetic field on electric current; 8. Study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction; 9. Study Joule's law.

2. Equivalence method: the method of substituting a physical quantity, a physical device or a physical state (process) with another corresponding quantity to obtain the same conclusion.

1. When studying the force on the object, the resultant force is introduced. 2. Cao Chong weighed the elephant.

3. In the study of circuits composed of multiple electrical appliances, the total resistance is introduced.

3. Model method: a simplified model that reproduces the essential relationship and intrinsic characteristics of the prototype in an idealized way.

1. Introduce the concept of "light" when studying optics.

2. When studying the magnetic field, the magnetic inductance line is introduced to describe the magnetic field. 3. Ideal electricity meter.

4. Transformation method (indirect inference method).

Accumulation method: The unobservable effect (phenomenon) is accumulated by itself into observable macroscopic objects or macroscopic effects.

1. The method of compressing the lead column is used to show the gravitational effect of the molecular plane.

2. When studying molecular motion, the phenomenon of diffusion is used to study.

3. Understand the current according to the effect generated by the current.

4. Recognize the magnetic field according to the action generated by the magnet.

5. Analogy: A logical method to transfer the relevant knowledge and conclusions of one object to another object according to the similarity or similarity between two objects in some aspects.

1. Water pressure and voltage.

2. The pumping machine provides water pressure, similar to the power supply to provide voltage.

3. Introduce the pressure formula with the definition formula of velocity.

6. Comparative method: a logical method to find out the similarities or differences between the research objects.

1. Study the similarities and differences between evaporation and boiling.

2. Compare the similarities and differences between voltmeter and ammeter in the process of use.

3. Compare the similarities and differences between the structure and principle of the motor and the generator.

4. The similarities and differences between gasoline engine and diesel engine.

7. Inductive method: the method of generalizing the logic of general judgments from the judgments of a series of individual phenomena.

1. From the diffusion of gas, liquid, and solid, it is concluded that the molecules of all objects are in irregular motion.

2. Experimental laws in physics (such as the characteristics of current and voltage in series and parallel circuits) are almost all used in this method.