National requirements for railway cargo transportation, basic conditions for railway cargo transport

Baggage less than 50 kilograms and more than cubic meters.

There is no limit to the package.

The basic condition is to ensure that the goods arrive at the destination safely within the specified time limit, and so that the cargo owner can receive the goods due within the time limit for the delivery of the goods. Specifically, it is to ensure the safety of the goods and ensure that the owner of the goods can receive the goods. The basic conditions for railway cargo transportation include the following:

The goods must be delivered to the destination in accordance with the deadlines and requirements specified in the contract. It is necessary to ensure the integrity of the goods during transportation, so as not to cause the goods to be damaged, polluted, lost, etc. The quality of the goods must be maintained so that the goods do not deteriorate or decay during transportation.

The technical condition of the means of transport must be ensured, so as not to cause mechanical failure, equipment damage or personal damage to the means of transport during transportation.

1. The forms of railway cargo transportation can be divided into three types: complete vehicles, LTL and containers. Full truckload means when the weight, volume or shape of the goods requires the shipment of one or more trucks; LTL transportation refers to the fact that when the weight, volume or shape of a batch of goods is not enough for the transportation conditions of the whole vehicle, the goods consigned according to LTL must meet two other conditions:

First, the minimum volume of a single piece of goods shall not be less than cubic meters (except for the weight of a single piece of goods above 10 kg), and second, the number of pieces of each batch of goods shall not exceed 300 pieces. Container transportation refers to the goods that can be loaded into the box without damaging the box. Goods that meet the conditions of container transportation can be handled as container transportation.

2. The goods transported by railway can be divided into two categories: ordinary goods and goods transported according to special conditions. General cargo refers to the goods handled in accordance with general conditions in the process of railway transportation, such as coal, grain, timber, steel, mining and construction materials, etc.

3. The goods handled according to special conditions refer to the goods that need to be shipped by special vehicles or need to take special transportation conditions and measures during transportation due to the nature, volume and condition of the goods, such as over-length, heavy, over-limit, dangerous and fresh and perishable goods.

With the development of the times, the products that can be transported by railway logistics transportation are also constantly expanding, and because there are many types of goods, so the railway logistics transportation will classify the goods before transportation, and the classification is mainly based on the nature of the goods and the lack of vertical parts of the transportation.

What are the specific requirements for the transport of goods suitable for rail logistics?

1.For the goods with a relatively small affordability of freight, a larger batch of goods than a small number of hungrys, and a relatively long transportation distance, railway logistics transportation is a more economical option;

2.It is suitable for a large number of goods for efficient logistics transportation at one time;

3.medium and long-distance logistics transportation of bulk and low-value goods;

Advantages of rail transport:

1. The capacity of railway transportation is large, which makes it suitable for long-distance transportation of large quantities of low-value products.

2. The large loading capacity of the single vehicle, coupled with the fact that there are many types of vehicles, makes it able to carry almost any commodity, almost not limited by weight and volume.

3. The speed of railway transportation is relatively high, and the average speed ranks second among the five basic modes of transportation, second only to air transportation.

4. Railway transportation is less affected by the climate and scattered natural conditions, and has an advantage in the regularity of transportation.

5. Railway transportation can easily realize piggyback transportation, container transportation and multimodal transportation.

Disadvantages of rail transport:

1. The railway line is dedicated, the fixed cost is very high, the original investment is large, and the construction period is long.

2. The railway is organized and operated according to the train, and in the process of transportation, there need to be the marshalling, dismantling and transfer of the train, so it takes a long time, thus increasing the time of the goods on the way.

3. The cargo damage rate in railway transportation is relatively high, and due to the large number of loading and unloading, the cargo damage or loss accidents are usually more than other modes of transportation.

4. If the "door-to-door" transportation of cherry blossoms cannot be realized, it is usually necessary to rely on other modes of transportation to cooperate with the state to complete the transportation task, unless both the shipper and the consignee have railway branch sails.

There are three types of goods transported by rail, namely truckload cargo, LTL cargo, and containers.

According to the weight, volume and shape of a batch of goods, the types of goods transported by railway include vehicle cargo, LTL cargo and containers, among which, the vehicle cargo transportation is generally for the transportation of bulk goods (where the weight, nature, volume and shape of a batch of goods need to be shipped by 1 or more trucks, they are transported according to the conditions of the whole vehicle);

LTL transportation is suitable for transporting small batches of sporadic goods (when the quantity of consignment of a batch of goods is small, it is not economically cost-effective to load enough or occupy a wagon for transportation); Containers are suitable for transporting delicate, valuable, and fragile cargo.

Rail transport is a type of overland transportation in which trains are guided by two parallel rails. Rail transport is one of the most efficient known modes of land transportation. The following I have sorted out the basic conditions for railway cargo transportation, welcome to read and browse.

(1) Domestic transportation

1. Railway Cargo Transportation Regulations (hereinafter referred to as Cargo Regulations). It is the basic regulation for the railway, the shipper and the consignee to organize the transportation of goods, divide rights and obligations and assume economic responsibilities, and have binding effect on both parties. In the process of cargo transportation, the railway, the shipper and the consignee shall comply with the provisions of the "Cargo Regulations".

2. Rules and methods extended by the "Cargo Regulations". (1) Rules for the Carriage of Goods by Rail; (2) Rules for the Administration of Railway Transport of Dangerous Goods; (3) Rules for the Transport of Fresh Cargo by Railway; (4) Rules for the Transportation of Oversized Cargo by Railway; (5) Rules for Loading and Securing Railway Cargo; (6) Measures for the Preparation of Monthly Railway Cargo Transportation Plan; (7) "Freight Daily Work Organization Measures"; (8) Measures for the Transport of Express Goods; (9) Rules for Railway Container Transportation; (10) Measures for the Insured Transportation of Railway Goods; (11) Measures for the Administration of Miscellaneous Charges for Railway Cargo Transportation; (12) Interim Measures for Taxation of Truck Usage Fees; (13) Other measures formulated in accordance with the Commodity Regulations.

(2) International railway combined transport

1. Agreement on International Railway Cargo Intermodal Transport

Abbreviated as the International Cargo Association). Among the States participating in the Agreement, it regulates the conditions of carriage of intermodal goods and the division of rights, obligations and responsibilities between railways and shippers and consignees. It is binding on the railway, the shipper and the consignee. My country is a party to that agreement.

2. "Unified Transit Tariff Regulations" (referred to as unified cargo price). It is a member of the Harmonized Tariff Agreement.

China is a party to the Convention on the procedures for the handling of intermodal goods and the calculation of various freight and miscellaneous charges and fines.

3. Detailed Rules for the Agreement on International Railway Freight Intermodal Transport (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules of the Cargo Association). It is only applicable to the internal work of railways participating in international intermodal transport agreements, and is used to adjust the mutual relationship between railways, and cannot be used as an adjustment of the legal relationship between shippers, consignees and railways.

4. Rules for the Use of International Intermodal Transport Vehicles (referred to as Vehicle Regulations). It is the regulation of the use of vehicles by the countries that participate in the agreement on the rules for the use of international intermodal vehicles, and our country participates in the agreement.

5. Measures for International Railway Cargo Intermodal Transport, which is an excerpt and synthesis of the relevant regulations of international intermodal transport. These measures are only for the use of China's domestic railways.

(3) Combined transport by land and water

The Rules for Combined Transport of Goods by Railway and Waterway are the basic regulations on the conditions of transport, handling procedures, calculation of freight and miscellaneous charges, and the division of rights, obligations and responsibilities between shippers and consignees and railways and waterways in combined transport by land and water. It is binding on railways, waterways, shippers and consignees.

(4) Military transport

1. Measures for the Administration of Military Transport by Railway

2. Rules for the Railway Transport of Military Dangerous Goods

3. Measures for Billing and Payment of Railway Military Transport

1.It is suitable for a large number of goods for efficient logistics transportation at one time;

It is suitable for cross-border e-commerce sellers to do a good job of sending a large number of goods at one time, with low railway transportation, good stability, and a large amount of transportation that can be carried.

2.medium and long-distance logistics transportation of bulk and low-value goods;

The most suitable for rail transportation is the mass cargo** for long-distance transportation, such as steel, fertilizer, cement, etc. With the increase of railway capacity, the advantages of safe and fast railway transportation will become more and more apparent.

3.It is suitable for the logistics and transportation of bulk and canned goods.

Rail transportation is a mode of transportation that uses railway trains to transport goods. It plays an important role in the process of social material production. It is characterized by large transportation volume, fast speed, low cost, and is generally not limited by climatic conditions, which is suitable for long-distance transportation of bulk and bulky goods.

The goods transported by railway are more suitable for railway cargo transportation, including various products and commodities such as industry, mining, agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry, etc., with a wide variety. And with the continuous advent of new products and the continuous elimination of old products, their categories and product names are constantly changing. The categories of goods transported by railway are mainly divided according to the needs of transportation management.

1.For the transportation of goods with small freight affordability, large cargo batches and long transportation distances, freight is relatively cheap;

2.It is suitable for the efficient transportation of a large number of goods at one time;

3.medium and long-distance transportation of bulk and low-value cargo;

4.It is suitable for bulk and canned cargo transportation.

Legal basis

Railway Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 23 Where property damage is caused to a railway transport enterprise due to the responsibility of the passenger, shipper or consignee, the passenger, the shipper or the consignee shall be liable for compensation.

Article 24 The State encourages special railways to concurrently operate public passenger and cargo transportation business; It is recommended that the special railway line be shared with relevant units in accordance with the agreement.

If a special railway concurrently operates public passenger and cargo transportation business, it shall be reported to the people of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government for approval.

Where a special railway concurrently conducts public passenger and cargo transportation business, the provisions of this Law on railway transport enterprises shall apply.

Article 25 The passenger fare rate and the freight rate of goods and baggage of the railway shall be subject to the first guide price or the first price, and the competitive field shall be subject to market adjustment price. The pricing authority and specific scope of application of the guide price and pricing are based on the pricing catalog of ** and local **. The charging items and charging standards for railway passenger and cargo transportation miscellaneous charges, as well as the freight rate of railway parcel halls, shall be independently formulated by railway transport enterprises.

Article 26 Railway fares for passengers, tariffs for goods, parcels and luggage, and miscellaneous charges for passengers and cargo transportation shall be announced. Those that have not been announced must not be implemented.

1) Railway transportation has the advantages of high safety, fast transportation speed, long transportation distance, large transportation capacity, low transportation cost, etc., and has the advantages of low pollution, large potential, and not affected by weather conditions, which is incomparable with road, water transportation, aviation and pipeline transportation.

The disadvantages are high construction costs and poor flexibility.

2) The advantages of road transport are that --- are flexible and adaptable, and the density of road transport network is generally more than ten times larger than that of railways and waterway networks, and the distribution area is also wide.

- "Door-to-door" direct transportation is possible.

- In short and medium-distance transportation, the delivery speed is faster.

-Low initial investment and fast capital turnover-

-It is easier to master the driving skills of the vehicle.

The disadvantages are: - The volume is smaller, and the transportation cost is higher.

- Poor operational continuity.

-The safety is low and the polluted environment is large.

3) Waterway transportation has the advantage of low --- cost, and can carry out low-cost, large-volume, long-distance transportation.

The disadvantage is that --- main reason is that the transportation speed is slow, and the impact of the port, water level, season and climate is greater, so the transportation is interrupted for a long time in a year.

4) The advantages of air transport are fast transportation speed, mobility, safety and reliability. The disadvantages are small volume, high cost, high cost, and great influence by weather conditions.

5) The advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation are:

Advantages: (1) large transportation volume (2) small land occupation (3) short construction period and low cost of pipeline transportation (4) safe and reliable pipeline transportation with strong continuity (5) low energy consumption, low cost and good pre-dust benefits of pipeline transportation.

Cons: Poor flexibility. Pipeline transportation is not as flexible as other modes of transportation (such as automobile transportation), and in addition to the relatively simple cargo carried, it is also not allowed to expand the pipeline casually.

To achieve "door-to-door" transportation services, for general users, pipeline transportation often has to cooperate with railway transportation, automobile transportation, and waterway transportation to complete the whole process of transportation. In addition, transportation costs can increase significantly due to a significant shortage of transportation volumes. Good bush.

Legal analysis: It is the basic regulation of the railway, the shipper and the consignee to organize the transportation of goods, divide rights and obligations and assume economic responsibilities, and have binding effect on both parties. In the process of cargo transportation, the railway, the consignor and the consignee shall abide by the provisions of the "Rules for the Administration of Railway Cargo Transportation".

It is an internal regulation that clarifies the basic content and quality requirements of each link of railway cargo transportation operations. To improve the management level of railway freight and enhance the competitiveness of railway freight is the rule that railway freight loading workers and related personnel should abide by.

Legal basis: Rules for the Administration of Railway Cargo Transport

Article 4 The station shall accept the cargo waybill according to the approved monthly cargo transportation plan and the ten-month loading plan. When accepting less-than-truckload, containerized or goods transported under specific conditions, it must also be handled in accordance with the relevant regulations.

Article 5 When the station accepts the cargo waybill, it shall confirm whether the consignment goods meet the transportation conditions, whether the columns are complete, clear and clear, and whether the receipt voucher is consistent with the waybill. Review the restrictions on business handling (including temporary letter defense ruler suspension and installation restrictions), lifting capacity, supporting documents, etc.

Article 6 For the goods moved into the freight yard, the station shall check whether the name of the goods is consistent with the record of the waybill, and whether the transportation packaging and marking comply with the regulations. For goods carried by the number of pieces, the number of pieces shall be counted against the waybill. LTL and containerized cargo should check whether the cargo label is complete and correct.

For personal checked luggage and moving goods, it is necessary to check according to the list of items, and spot check whether the mark (cargo label) is placed in the package according to the regulations. For goods that require the use of reinforcing materials, the quantity and specifications of reinforcing materials should be checked. For over-gauge, over-length and overweight cargo, the size shall be re-measured according to the technical data provided by the shipper.