The fundamental difference between materialist epistemology and idealist epistemology is:

The most fundamental difference is materialism.

It is believed that matter determines consciousness, and idealism believes that it is consciousness that determines matter.

Materialism asserts that matter is the origin of the world, matter is the first nature, and consciousness is the second nature.

Matter determines consciousness, while idealism asserts that consciousness is the origin of the world, consciousness is the first nature, matter is the second nature, and consciousness determines matter.

The difference lies in the fact that the objects of world unity are different.

Idealism advocates the unity of the world in the spirit, in which subjective idealism advocates the unity of the world in the spirit of man, and objective idealism advocates the unity of the world in a mysterious "objective spirit"; Materialism asserts that the world is unified with matter.

There are two forms of idealism: subjective idealism and objective idealism. The representative figures of the former are Berkeley, Mach, and Wang Yangming.

and so on, asserting that the human spirit is the origin of the world, and that everything in the world exists in the human spirit, and its extreme proposition is solipsism, believing that the feeling of "me" is the origin of the universe; The representative of the latter is the famous Hegel.

It is asserted that the "objective spirit" that exists independently of man and the natural world is the origin of the world, and that everything in the universe is "the product of the objective spirit."

Materialist Epistemology and Idealism.

The fundamental difference between epistemology is that the former adheres to the line of knowledge from objects to sensations and thoughts, while the latter adheres to the line of knowledge from thoughts and sensations to objects.

1. Difference in meaning.

Dialectical materialist epistemology.

It is an important part of dialectical materialism, and it is a scientific theory of human cognition, which is about human cognition, cognitive ability, cognitive form, cognitive process and cognitive truth.

It is first and foremost agnosticism, which holds that the objective material world is knowable. People are able to understand not only the phenomena of the material world, but also their essence through them. Marxist philosophy.

It adheres to the viewpoint of reflection theory, which holds that the objective material world that does not depend on human consciousness is the object and source of cognition, and cognition is the reflection of the subject on the object, and is the subjective reflection of the objective world.

2. Differences in other aspects.

1. Materialist epistemology is a reflection theory, and idealistic epistemology is a priori.

Innate experience). In other words, materialist epistemology holds that knowledge is acquired, not innate.

2. Materialism believes that true knowledge comes from action, while idealism believes that knowledge is nothing but inner reflection.

3. Materialist epistemology is agnosticism, while part of idealistic epistemology is agnosticism.

Denying the possibility of knowing the world.

1. Understanding the nature of the world is different.

1. Materialist epistemology: Materialist epistemology holds that matter is primary and spirit is secondary.

2. Idealistic epistemology: Idealistic epistemology believes that consciousness is the first nature and matter is secondary.

Second, the way of understanding is different.

1. Materialist epistemology: Materialism believes that knowledge comes from action.

2. Idealistic epistemology: Idealism believes that knowledge is nothing but inner reflection.

Third, the nature is different.

1. Materialist epistemology: Materialist epistemology is agnosticism.

2. Idealist epistemology: Idealist epistemology is agnosticism, denying the possibility of knowing the world.

In general, materialism is reflectivism, and idealism is transcendentalism.

Reflection Theory. Reflection Theory.

fǎnyìnglùn

Theory of Reflection] Materialist Epistemology. It is believed that all the perceptual and rational cognitive processes of human beings are the reflection of objective things in the human brain. The process of reflection is active and dialectically developed, and social practice is the basis of understanding and the criterion for testing truth.

Transcendentalism. The fundamental characteristics of idealist epistemology. It proceeds from the premise that consciousness is the first nature and the second nature of matter, and says that human consciousness is something that exists in nature, something that precedes matter and practice, and the material world is the product of this consciousness.

Transcendentalism adheres to the "line from thought and feeling to things".

The difference between Marxist epistemology and idealistic epistemology lies in whether or not objective things are recognized as the object of cognition, and social practice is the basis of cognition. The connection is mainly manifested in the fact that philosophers who advocate agnosticism include all materialists and outright idealists, such as Feuerbach and Hegel.

Materialist epistemology and idealistic epistemology are the two basic schools of thought in the philosophical world, and they both have different philosophical views and ways of thinking. The biggest difference is whether the latter acknowledges the independent existence of matter.

Materialist epistemology emphasizes the objective reality of the material world, that is, the quality of things exists independently, not subject to people's will, and exists objectively. Materialist epistemology holds that we can understand the material world through perceptual and rational cognition, and that the essence of the development of human society also lies in the development of material productive forces.

On the other hand, idealistic epistemology does not recognize the independent existence of matter, but believes that matter is only a product of consciousness, and human cognition of matter is based on consciousness. Idealistic epistemology holds that the existence of matter is established in human consciousness, and that only human consciousness is truly existent, and that the material world is created by human consciousness. This view is considered unscientific because it denies the independent existence of the material world and goes against objective facts.