What is idealism and how to discern it?

Idealism is divided into two categories: subjective idealism and objective idealism.

1. Subjective idealism.

Subjective idealism is one of the basic forms of idealistic philosophy. Subjective idealism regards a certain subjective spirit of an individual, such as feelings, experiences, minds, consciousness, concepts, and will, as the root and basis of the emergence and existence of all things in the world, and everything in the world is derived from these subjective spirits and is the manifestation of these subjective spirits. The so-called "mind is reason", "my mind is the universe", "there is nothing outside the mind" and "there is no reason outside the mind" in the Chinese Song and Ming dynasties, and the so-called "existence is perceived" and "things are a collection of ideas" in the British Berkeley, are representative and typical views of subjective idealism and solipsism.

Subjective idealism logically inevitably leads to the conclusion of "solipsism", that is, the belief that everything in the world is only a manifestation of the feeling of "me".

2. Objective idealism.

Objective idealism is one of the two basic forms of idealistic philosophy. Objective idealism holds that an objective spirit or principle is an ontology that precedes and exists independently of the material world, and that the material world (or phenomenal world) is nothing but the externalization or manifestation of this objective spirit or principle, the former being primordial and primary, and the latter being derivative and secondary.

Idealism is a philosophical view that holds that consciousness, heart, or spirit is the foundation of reality and the most important form of existence that plays a decisive role in the knowledge and existence of the material world. Idealism puts consciousness or mind first, considering them to be the primary reality.

To discern idealism, one can pay attention to the following characteristics:

1.Priority of spirit or consciousness: Idealists believe that consciousness, mind, or spirit are the basis of reality and that they play a decisive role in the existence and awareness of the material world. They emphasize the importance of inner experience, subjective awareness, and the activity of the individual's mind.

2.Lessness of the material world: Idealists pay relatively little attention to the reality and objectivity of the material world, or believe that the existence of the material world is constructed or determined by consciousness or mind. They may think of the material world as a representation or projection of consciousness.

3.Emphasis on experience and introspection: Idealists may be more focused on individual experience and introspection, believing that the nature of the world is known through intuition, inner experience, and reflection. They emphasize the exploration and understanding of the inner world.

4.Focus on subjective experiences and values: Idealists may be more concerned about subjective experiences and individual values. They believe that the consciousness, heart, or spirit of the individual is the basis for determining values and morals, emphasizing the subjective experience and intrinsic value of the individual.

It is important to note that the idealist view differs in different cultures and philosophical traditions, and there are many variants and branches. Discerning idealism requires careful study and understanding of specific philosophical perspectives and arguments. In addition, there are many controversies and debates between idealism and materialism, which involve different interpretations of the nature of reality, knowledge**, and the nature of human beings themselves.

1. The concept is different.

Objective idealism.

It is believed that the material world of reality is the externalization and manifestation of the objective spirit.

Subjective idealism.

It is believed that the real material world is the manifestation of the externalization of subjective consciousness.

2. The arguments are different.

Objective idealism holds that there is an objective spirit that exists independently before the material world, such as the Absolute Spirit.

Absolute ideas, gods, gods, etc., are the objective spirits from which the material world is derived, and are the origin of the material world. Objective spirit is the first nature, and matter is the second nature.

Target. Subjective idealism believes that a certain subject's spiritual spirit exists before the material world, such as human feelings, experiences, consciousness, concepts, etc., and it is the subjective spirit that derives the material world, the subjective spirit is the origin of the material world, the subjective spirit is the first nature, and the matter is the second nature.

The connection between subjective idealism and objective idealism:They are all idealistic, and they all admit that consciousness comes first and matter second, that is, the origin of the world is consciousness, and the material world is derived from consciousness, that is, matter is the product of consciousness.

Objective idealism and subjective idealism both belong to the philosophy of idealism.

Categories are all related to dialectical materialism.

Fire and water are incompatible, and they are fundamentally opposed.

Idealism is divided into subjective idealism and objective idealism, the subjective idealism of the human being is the subjective spirit of the human being, the subjective spirit of the human being, the subjective spirit of the world, the origin of the world, and the objective idealism is the objective spirit, such as God, God, ideas, absolute spirit, etc., as the master and origin of the world.

There are two basic forms of idealism, namely subjective idealism and objective idealism.

The main characteristic of subjective idealism is that the subjective spirit (human feelings, experiences, concepts, will, mind, etc.) is regarded as the only real and true existence and the origin of the world, and objective things and even the entire material world are the products of this subjective spirit. Subjective idealism inevitably leads to "solipsism" where only the self exists.

The main characteristic of objective idealism is to transform a certain spirit (reason, idea, cosmic spirit, absolute idea, absolute spirit, etc.) that is detached from matter and any individual into an independent objective existence, and takes it as the origin of the world and the creator of all things. It holds that the origin of the world is not the subjective spirit of man, but is determined by the spirit of objective existence in the extraspace, and that all things and phenomena in the world are derivatives or manifestations of this spiritual entity.

The basic viewpoint of idealism is that spiritual consciousness is the first nature, the material is second, the spirit determines the material, the material is the product of the spirit, and its characteristics are the viewpoint that is detached from anyone, etc.

Nothing outside the mind is the biggest characteristic.

Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, and it is a philosophical system of thought that is opposed to materialism. The basic meaning of idealism is that in the philosophical ontology of the relationship between thinking and existence, spirit and matter, spirit (consciousness) is the first nature of the world, and matter is the second nature of the world.

There are two basic manifestations of idealism: objective idealism and subjective idealism.

Objective idealism holds that there exists an objective spirit independently of the real world, which is the origin of the world, and from which everything in the world is produced (derived). Its famous representatives include Zhu Xi of China, Plato of ancient Greece and Hegel of Germany.

Subjective idealism takes people's subjective spirit (consciousness, concepts, etc.) as the starting point for understanding the world, and what exists in the subjective spirit is the cognitive world, which is the product of the subjective spirit, not the real objective world. The main representatives include China's Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren, and Germany's Fichte.