How can you grow rape in winter? What should be done in the field?

According to the local planting climate conditions and local soil fertility level, varieties with strong stress resistance are selected for planting. Wrap the seeds with gauze and soak them in cold water for about 1 hour, then pick them up and put them at 15 20 °C for 2 days, mix the seeds with a new high-fat film before sowing to drive away underground diseases and insects, and choose new varieties of "double low" or hybrid rapeseed with high quality and high yield, good disease and stress resistance, and wide adaptability, and moderately increase the amount of seeds per mu to ensure the basic seedling and group structure, and seize high yield and stable yield. And every 3 or 4 years, the varieties are constantly updated to maintain the potential of improved varieties to increase yield.

Rape can be divided into three categories, namely cabbage-type rape, mustard-type rape, and cabbage-type rape. Below, before we plant and manage rapeseed in autumn and winter, let's analyze the types of rape. Method:

In November every winter, select robust, high-quality, high-purity, disease-free seedlings for transplanting. The width of the canopy is from 2 meters to 2 meters, and the length is not limited. Row spacing 10x15.

Be prepared before planting. This includes land preparation and seed treatment. Rapeseed does not have high requirements for soil, but if the soil layer is thick, fertile and loose, it will help to achieve high yields; And preferably neutral or slightly acidic soil, planted on alkaline soils with oil.

<>. 1. Weeding. Weeds and rapeseed compete for fertilizer, water and sunlight, which seriously affects the healthy growth of crops.

Rapeseed field weeds mainly include gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds, and there are many kinds, at present, it is mainly to prevent and remove gramineous weeds, that is, we usually in the south, rape is planted after the National Day, and it is one of the most important oil crops in rural families. Because it is a winter crop, it can make good use of the problem of vacant fields from winter to Spring Festival after rice harvest, which can also increase some income for farmers. It grows very well, and what is even more amazing is that the large temperature difference is more conducive to growth, and it can be said to be a very strong plant.

In general, rape is still relatively easy to grow, and the requirements for the plot are not too high, but the soil is best not to be too sticky, if the soil is particularly clayey.

The first point is that if you want to make this rape good in winter, then first of all, the temperature and climate must be mastered, so that you can, the second point should be fertilized and watered regularly, so as to achieve good results, and the third point is that it should be managed every day and should be grassed.

Appropriate time for seedlings, fixed seedlings and replenishment of seedlings.

In the process of direct seeding of rapeseed, due to the large amount of sowing, large sowing area and dry weather, the field is very prone to lack of seedlings and uneven emergence of seedlings, so it is necessary to carry out seedling, seedling determination and seedling replenishment in time after rapeseed emergence, so as to avoid excessive field density resulting in poor seedling growth and development, and more weak seedlings, which is not conducive to rapeseed winter.

Ensure the right temperature, constantly update the variety, wrap the seeds with gauze, ensure the quality of the dishes, select more fertile land, loose soil, ensure the temperature of the soil, do a good job of weeding, etc.

The demand for temperature of rape is still relatively high, so it can only be planted in large pots in winter, and some pesticide removal can also be carried out regularly to ensure the yield of rapeseed.

After transplanting, it is cultivated once, and then deep ploughing and fertilization from the end of December to the beginning of January of the following year, and proper ridge formation. Drought-resistant top dressing. Rape needs water and has been afraid of water all its life.

In the early season, it is generally watered with thin manure water, and furrow irrigation can also be used, but ridges cannot be used to remove early tendrils. Oilseed rape, late early maturing varieties or early medium maturing varieties, which lead to early flowering, must be picked in time. Choose a sunny day to pick and dress appropriately after picking.

Prevention and control of frost damage. Oilseed rape is a low-temperature tolerant crop, but too low temperatures can cause frost damage. When the temperature rises after freezing, the frozen leaves and frozen ginger should be removed in time, and the fast-acting fertilizer should be appropriately applied, which is conducive to the recovery of rapeseed growth.

The key to seedling management, seedling determination, and supplemental winter rape planting is to improve the seedling emergence rate, ensure the quality of seedlings, strengthen the observation of seedlings, timely check and replenish seedlings, and do a good job in winter rape seedlings with rich planting experience.

It is necessary to adopt scientific methods of sowing. According to the actual situation of the winter rape planting plot, different planting methods such as sowing and strip sowing are adopted in a targeted manner. Generally, the geographical conditions of the planting plot are superior, and direct seeding can be used after appropriate rest, which is more conducive to improving the absorption of soil nutrients by winter rapeseed, but it is not appropriate to blindly expand the sowing amount of winter rapeseed to avoid uneven seedling emergence.

Secondly, the growth of seedlings should be carefully observed when planting, so as to effectively prevent the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and broken ridges. Therefore, thinning, fixation and replanting should be selected in time according to the planting situation of winter rapeseed to improve the overall quality of planting and achieve the purpose of effectively controlling planting density.

If it is a field with a large planting density, it is necessary to timely the seedlings to avoid the phenomenon of multiple seedlings co-squeezing, and the weak seedlings can be cut off in time to support the strong and move the weak. Thinning should be carried out when there is only one true leaf in winter rape, and thinning should be carried out when there are 2 or 3 true leaves in the second thinning operation if necessary. When thinning seedlings, reasonable disposal should be carried out according to the density of seedlings to remove dense planting areas, and diseased and weak seedlings should be eliminated in time, and disease-free seedlings should be left selectively.

When winter rape grows to 4 or 5 true leaves, seedlings can be determined, which should be reasonably and strictly controlled, and determined according to the variety characteristics of seedlings. The operation of the seedling assay should also be carried out according to the soil conditions in the morning and evening. Maintain the fertility of the planting area reasonably, and control the seedling density at about 10,000 hm2.

If the winter rape sowing time is late, the seedlings can not be determined before the year, the problem of broken ridges should be solved, the seedlings should be thickened according to the actual situation of the community, and the water supply should be strengthened when replanting. Cultivating and mid-ridge cultivation are important means to ensure cultivation quality, reduce cultivation problems and improve cultivation efficiency. Scientific tillage and ridge forming methods should be adopted to achieve the purpose of increasing ground temperature, ensuring soil environment, effectively removing weeds in the field, and effectively controlling pests and diseases.

The key to medium-term cultivation is to control the depth of the cultivation soil, loosen the soil in time, improve the overall cultivation quality, facilitate deep root infiltration, improve the lodging resistance of winter rapeseed, pay attention to soil cultivation before wintering, prevent root injury, appropriate fertilization, and effectively prevent leaf pressing.

It is necessary to weed regularly, because if you don't go on a business trip, the grass will fight for nutrients for the crop, resulting in the crop not growing.

The general sowing of rape is the method of direct replanting, so the sowing amount will be relatively large, and the seedlings will be uneven, and it is easy to break the ridge and lack the seedlings. Thinning is required where the density is too high. Avoid crowding of rapeseed seedlings and affect the growth of seedlings.

Seedling thinning is carried out when the seedling has developed one true leaf, and another seedling is carried out when the second to third true leaf appears. When there is too much rain, the soil moisture will be too large, and the rape will have rotten roots and sclerotinia disease, so pay attention to good drainage. In the middle, we should also pay attention to loosening the soil and do a good job of soil finishing.

Scientific fertilization.

When rape enters winter, field management should do a good job in applying sufficient winter fertilizer, field weeding, drainage and preventing trouble, cold and frost, and prevention and control of pests and diseases, so as to cultivate robust rape seedlings and safely overwinter.

First, apply enough winter fertilizer. Rapeseed has just entered winter, and the daytime temperature is mostly around 15, seize this time to apply overwintering fertilizer. Winter fertilizer is suitable for fast-acting full-price fertilizer, which not only promotes the vegetative growth of seedlings, but also the initial stage of reproductive growth, and has a very great effect on promoting the physiological differentiation of flower buds and leaf buds of rapeseed and the accumulation of differentiating substances, and is also very important for cultivating strong seedlings and safely overwintering.

By the end of winter and the beginning of spring, it is necessary to apply moss fertilizer to ensure the nutritional needs of moss.

Second, weeding in the field. In winter, the use of low temperature, dry soil, seize the sunny day, artificial weeding, fast dead grass, good weeding effect, can kill the grass buds that have sprouted, and avoid many unfavorable factors brought by the use of herbicides in the world.

Third, drainage and stain prevention. In winter, the drainage system should be repaired to drain the stagnant water in the fields. Prevent the accumulation of water in the bend of the rain and snow hall and the effect of impregnation on rapeseed.

Fourth, cold and frost protection. In winter, the climate changes impermanently, and it is necessary to prevent the sudden attack of cold air and frostbite on rapeseed. When weeding, the rape part can be cultivated to keep warm.

Before the arrival of cold air, the use of fallen leaves, straw debris, sprinkled between the rape gaps, can play a cold and frost prevention effect.

Fifth, control pests and diseases. Rapeseed in late winter and early spring is a good period for the control of gray mold, downy mildew and black spot and vegetable aphids. It is necessary to seize this favorable time to take medication.

Web Links.

Land preparation and tillage: When planting rapeseed, the soil should be deeply cultivated for 25 cm, and basal fertilizer should be applied after exposure to the sun and disinfection. Seed selection and germination:

High-yielding varieties are selected, disinfected and soaked for germination. Sowing into the soil: Planting into the soil by strip sowing, transplanting and planting when the seedlings grow 4 leaves and 1 heart.

Field management: after transplanting and planting, the soil is loosened and topdressed in time.

1. Land preparation and ploughing

Rapeseed has strong adaptability to the soil, suitable for planting in sunny plots with deep soil, soft soil, drainage and ventilation, deep ploughing the soil for about 25 cm, applying rotten base fertilizer when the soil surface is white, and raking is smooth and fine after mixing.

2. Seed selection and germination

Select high-yielding, high-quality rapeseed varieties with certain resistance, select full, disease-free seeds, soak them in clean water after being exposed to sunlight and sterilization, break the dormant period, remove the floating seeds at this time, and wait for the epidermis of the seeds to be slightly exposed before planting.

3. Sow seeds into the soil

After germination, rapeseed adopts strip sowing method, after planting into the soil, the seed surface is covered with fire soil ash, diluted acetochlor with water and sprayed on the soil to inhibit the growth of weeds, and the seedlings are transplanted and planted when the rape seedlings grow 2 true leaves, and transplanted and planted when 4 leaves and 1 heart grow.

4. Field management

After the successful transplanting and planting of rape seedlings, it is necessary to cultivate the loose soil and top dressing in time, increase the air permeability of the soil when loosening the soil, supplement the nutrients with diluted urea at this time, which is conducive to the growth of the root system of the plant, and spray pesticides in advance during the planting period, which can effectively control pests.

How to grow rape in autumn and winter? What should I pay attention to?

Increase boron fertilizer application.

Different types of rape have different requirements for soil available boron content. Boron deficiency can lead to physiological dysfunction in oilseed rape, which only blooms and bears little or no fruit. Boron fertilizer application in oilseed rape is generally insufficient, and it should be applied again before winter.

Pay attention to seedling fertilization.

Oilseed rape, especially hybrid rapeseed, has a strong growth advantage and requires a large amount of fertilizer at the seedling stage. In order to meet the nutritional needs of rapeseed growth and development, top dressing should be carried out according to different seedling potentials. Phosphorus can promote the development of rapeseed roots and enhance resistance. Potassium can improve the cold resistance, disease resistance and inverted hole ability of rapeseed.

The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced when fertilizing to prevent the plants from being tender and juicy and poor in cold resistance. For example, in a field with less than 10 green leaves in mid to late November, organic fertilizers such as pig manure, cow manure or soil fertilizer can be added between the rows of rapeseed, which can increase the ground temperature by 2 -3 and also have a winter-spring effect. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to apply 1000 kg to 1500 kg of pig manure and cow manure or 2500 kg to 3000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu; If the seedlings are smaller, they should be applied more.

For example, a field with 13 green leaves in late November with vigorous seedling growth and a field with dark green leaves can be retained or left unapplied.

Attention should be paid to field water and fertilizer management in winter rape planting.

1. Clean ditches, manage soil moisture, and prevent waterlogging. Entering the winter solstice is a period of cold waves, low temperatures, rain and snow. If there is a long period of low temperature and rainy weather, some poorly drained rape fields will suffer from serious waterlogging, and rapeseed is easy to freeze damage.

2. Reasonable thinning and strong seedlings. When sowing rapeseed, if the rain and temperature are suitable, there are many rapeseed seedlings and the density is too large, which is not conducive to cultivating strong seedlings and obtaining high yield of rapeseed.

3. Reasonable fertilization to promote growth. In view of the lack of growth in autumn of some direct seeding rapeseed, increasing winter fertilizer application is the key to promote the winter growth of weak seedlings and realize the upgrading of seedling conditions. For three kinds of rapeseed fields with thin growth, 7-10 kg of rapeseed special formula fertilizer or high-concentration compound fertilizer should be supplemented per mu as soon as possible.

4. Regulate prosperity and prevent frostbite. For rapeseed that grows too fast, winter fertilizer should be applied less or no winter, and 30-40 grams (15%) paclobutrazol or uniconazole should be sprayed per mu to control its growth and improve its strength, so as to improve the frost resistance of rape and achieve safe wintering. 5. Prevention and control of sclerotinia sclerotinia to ensure a bumper harvest.

1. Increase the amount of boron fertilizer 2. Pay attention to seedling fertilizer 3. Cultivate and weed 4. Strengthen pest control 5. Sowing must pay attention to the following matters: 1. Raise seedlings and set seedlings regularly. .

2. Strengthen top dressing, watering and cultivation management. 3.Early culture.

4 Top dressing. 5.Pour into three wells.

One is to pour back the green water, the second is to pour the flower water, and the third is to pour the grouting water.

When planting rape in autumn and winter, you must prepare the land and fertilize, the rape does not have high requirements for the soil, but likes fertile soil, and the seeds must be dried for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and the most suitable sowing temperature is 18 to 20 degrees.

Be sure to pay attention to the situation of top dressing, you need to choose the right variety for planting, pay attention to watering, pay attention to temperature, pay attention to the humidity of the air.