What was the difference between Qilu culture in the Spring and Autumn period?

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the status of Confucius in Qilu culture would be higher, and there would be more types of thoughts.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the most essential difference between the two cultures was the difference in the length of openness, and the former was relatively open.

The difference between the culture of Qi and Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period is that although both countries are powerful countries, Qi attaches importance to talents, and Lu attaches importance to the relationship between superiors and subordinates.

Qilu culture is a collective term for Qi culture and Lu culture. The state of Qi, which borders the coast to the east, produced Taoist ideology represented by Jiang Taigong, and absorbed the local indigenous culture (Dongyi culture) and developed it. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Lu produced Confucianism represented by Confucius.

Relatively speaking, Qi culture is still utilitarian, and Lu culture is ethical; Qi culture emphasizes innovation, and Lu culture respects tradition. The two cultures gradually and organically merged together in the process of development, forming a Qilu culture with rich historical connotations. The basic spirit of Qilu culture includes:

The vigorous spirit of unremitting self-improvement, the patriotic spirit of advocating integrity, the spirit of salvation through the world, the active spirit of man to conquer the sky, the people-oriented spirit of the people, the humane spirit of virtue and benevolence, the group spirit of selflessness, and the creative spirit of diligence and wisdom.

Shandong is the hometown of Confucius, the core of Qilu culture is Confucian culture, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi Huan Gong attached great importance to education and opened the first national university in ancient Chinese history. Qilu culture is very diverse, free and open, and the culture of many places exchanges and integration, to inherit China's excellent culture is of great significance.

Qilu culture has become the representative of Shandong culture, because it has the vigorous spirit of self-improvement, the patriotic spirit of advocating integrity, the spirit of salvation through the world, the active spirit of man to conquer the sky, the people-oriented spirit of noble and gentle, the humane spirit of virtue and benevolence, the group spirit of selflessness and so on, these are the excellent traditions of our nation.

The biggest feature is that the people here are more selfless, and like to contribute selflessly and fearlessly, and they are more intelligent, hardworking, humble and so on.

The source of Qi culture is to respect the virtuous (Shang) attack, which is a relatively open mind. It is mainly divided into being a rich country and a strong army in the military, eclectic in thinking, focusing on economic development, and being simple and practical in terms of etiquette. It is a culture of heavy profit.

The source of Lu culture is Qinqin Shangen, which is a relatively conservative ideological culture. Paying attention to etiquette is the predecessor of Confucian culture. Pay more attention to social etiquette.

It is a culture of respect. But the practicality is not strong. The traditional culture is benevolence and propriety.

Pay attention to human ethics, discipline, patriarchy, and order stability.

The differences between Qi culture and Lu culture are as follows:

A comparison of pure and cultural origins

1. Qi Qi Yan Emperor, Lu Qi Yellow Emperor, different ethnic origins.

The Yan and Huang tribes are the two major tribes of ancient times that originated on the Loess Plateau, but they have become two tribes of different cultures with a marriage relationship. Roughly speaking, the Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of the Huaxia tribe who mainly lived in the Central Plains, and the Yan Emperor is the ancestor of the Yi tribe and the surrounding barbarian Qiang and a number of other ethnic groups in Changtong. Taigong Feng Qi, with the culture of the Jiang Yan clan and the establishment of the country in the coastal Dongyi land, more retained the characteristics of the Jiang Yan clan and the culture of the Dongyi scholars.

Second, they live in Bogu Ridi, and Lu lives in the dying homeland, and the culture of Fang Guo is different.

The Duke of Zhou went on an eastward expedition to eliminate the forces of Bo Gu and Shang, and Qi and Lu became feudal states. Although Bo Gu and Shang Xi were both Fang states in the Yin Shang period, there is no information to understand the details of the culture of the two countries and the relationship with Shang in more detail. However, according to the investigation of relevant experts, Bo Gu is surnamed Jiang and Fang Guo should belong to the Yandi system, and the lineage is the same as Qi, and it is one of the indigenous clans who have lived in Qi for a long time, with birds as their totems.

Shang Xiang, surnamed Feng, Fang Guo takes the turtle as the totem. It can be seen that the two countries are actually countries with different cultural traditions.

2. Comparison of the concepts of governance

1. Qi Shang is domineering and reckless.

Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty has clearly stated in "Shuo Yuan Zhengli": "Lu has the traces of the king, and Qi has the traces of hegemony". Since the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qi has been ordered by the Zhou royal family to have the right to conquer the princes, and has opened the end of hegemony.

Lu is the country of "Zongbang", and there is a saying that "Zhou's most pro-Mo Rulu". Lu governs the country with the royal road, emphasizing two points: one is courtesy, music and education, and the other is to emphasize morality and protect the people.

2. The Qi Chongshi clan participated in politics, and Lu was the autocratic power of the aristocracy.

As far as the goal of the founding of the country is concerned, because of the pursuit of hegemony and strength, the state of Qi has advocated "respecting the virtuous and meritorious" since the beginning of the Taigong, reusing talents, promoting the virtuous rather than being lowly, and the merit is mostly based on performance, and gradually forming a political system of bureaucrats and scholars under the power of the monarchy. Qi also has clans, such as the country, the second family of Gao, but has never been able to hold the state in Qi for a long time, so the number of fast, Qi more promising monarchs, even if they are from humble backgrounds such as Guan Zhong, etc., can get the opportunity to make contributions in the country.

Qi Territory: Most of Shandong was occupied by the Qi State. In addition to Shandong, Qi's influence also extended to Henan, Hebei and other surrounding areas.

Territory of the Lu State: Most of the ruling core areas are located in the territory of Jining, Shandong Province, and also include Ningyang in the south of Tai'an, Shanxian County, Yuncheng in the east of Heze, and Pingyi in Linyi.

When the national strength was the strongest, the territory reached Mount Tai in the north, Xuhuai in the south, the Yellow Sea in the east, and the Dingtao area in Shandong in the west, which was an important state controlled by the Zhou Dynasty in the east.

History of the Kingdom of Qi

In 1046 BC, Jiang Ziya assisted King Wu of Zhou to destroy the Shang Dynasty and was sealed as a state. Since the Taigong Wangfeng closed the country to build a state to trace oranges, boiled salt and cultivated fields, the rich armor side, the number of soldiers and the number of liquid states split 10,000, passed to the Duke of Qi Huan, it was already a large country in the East whose territory was on the verge of the sea, and the Duke of Qi Huan became the head of the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons through the "Respect for the King", and the State of Qi was called the country of the Sea King by the people at that time. When Jiang Qi passed to the Duke of Qi Kang, the doctor Tian He exiled the Duke of Qi Kang on the island near the sea, "eating a city to worship his ancestors".

Tian He established himself as the monarch of the country, and it was for the prince of Tian Qi.

In 386 BC, Tian He was listed as a prince by King Zhou An, Jiang Qi was replaced by Tian Qi, Tian He was officially called a marquis, and still used the name of Qi State, known as "Tian Qi", becoming one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. In 334 B.C., Marquis Tian of Qi was proclaimed king because of Qi. During the period of King Qi, the state of Qi expanded externally, swallowed the Song state in the south, but strengthened Qin in the west, and then recruited the five kingdoms to attack Qi, and the country's strength was greatly reduced.

In 221 BC, Wang Jian of Qi surrendered to the Qin Dynasty, the state of Qi was destroyed, and Qin established a unified feudal dynasty.

As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Qilu culture includes Shandong and Liaoning provinces geographically. Due to the influence of geographical location, historical background, economic conditions and other factors, Qilu culture has some significant differences.

1.Geographical differences: Shandong is located south of the Yellow River, with diverse topography and suitable climate. Liaoning is located in the northeast, with a cold climate and a mountainous terrain. The difference in geographical conditions has led to differences in the development of agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry between the two places.

2.Historical background: Shandong belonged to the Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was represented by the Qi culture.

Liaoning belonged to the Yan State during the Warring States Period and was represented by the Yan culture. Qi culture emphasizes the system of etiquette and music, and attaches importance to agriculture and commerce; The culture of Yutan Yan emphasizes patriotism and martial spirit, and pays attention to military and border defense of Bu Xinjiang.

3.Languages and dialects: There are differences in languages and dialects between the two places. Shandongfang dialect belongs to the official dialect of the Central Plains, which is characterized by rich tones and low tones. The Liaoning dialect belongs to the Northeast official dialect, which is characterized by relatively simple tones and small fluctuations in tone.

4.Traditional festivals and customs: There are also certain differences in traditional festivals and customs between the two places. For example, during the Spring Festival in Shandong, there are folk activities such as lion dance and stilt walking, while in Liaoning, there are performances such as Yangge twisting and stilt walking.

5.Arts and Literature: The two places also have their own characteristics in terms of art and literature.

Shandong's Taishan stone carvings, Qufu Confucius Temple and other cultural relics and historic sites reflect the exquisiteness and etiquette of Qi culture. The Great Wild Goose Pagoda in Liaoning, the Forbidden City in Shenyang and other historical sites show the grandeur and power of Yan culture.

6.Eating habits: Shandong and Liaoning also have differences in terms of diet. Shandong cuisine is mainly Shandong cuisine, focusing on good color, flavor and flavor, and is especially good at cooking seafood. Liaoning cuisine, on the other hand, is dominated by Liaoning cuisine, with distinctive Northeast characteristics, such as pot-wrapped meat, local three fresh, etc.

In short, although Qilu culture is part of traditional Chinese culture, due to differences in geography, history, culture and other aspects, the two places have many aspects.