11 Which of the following is NOT a feature of monopolistic competition?

Monopolistic competition refers to a market structure in which many manufacturers produce and sell the same product differentially. In the theory of monopolistic competition, the sum of a large number of manufacturers in the market that produce very similar products of the same kind is called a production group. For example, car gas station groups, fast food groups, barber shop groups, etc.

Specifically, the conditions of a monopolistic market are as follows:

First, there are a large number of enterprises in the production group that produce different products of the same kind, which are very close to each other's substitutes. For example, beef noodles and shredded chicken noodles. The product difference here not only refers to the difference in quality, structure, appearance, sales and service of the same product, but also includes the difference in trademarks, advertisements and fictitious differences based on the imagination of consumers.

For example, although there is no substantial difference in the same dish (taking steamed fish as an example) in two restaurants**, there is a fictitious difference between the consumer's psychological confirmation that the steamed fish in one restaurant is more delicious than the other.

On the one hand, due to the differences between each product in the market, each product with its own characteristics is unique, so each manufacturer has a certain monopoly power over its own products, so that there are monopoly factors in the market. On the other hand, because the different products are very similar to each other, each product will encounter competition from a large number of other similar products, and there is a competitive element in the market.

Second, the number of enterprises in a production group is so large that each manufacturer believes that its actions will have little impact and will not attract the attention and reaction of competitors, and therefore will not be affected by competitors' retaliatory measures. For example, lunch boxes, barber industry.

Third, the production scale of manufacturers is relatively small, so it is easier to enter and exit a production group.

In real life, monopolistic market organization is common in retail and service industries, such as repair, confectionery retail, etc.

In a monopolistic production group, the products of each manufacturer are different, and the cost curve and demand curve between manufacturers are not necessarily the same. However, in the market model of monopolistic competition, Western scholars always assume that all manufacturers in the production group have the same cost and demand curves, and analyze them as representative manufacturers. This assumption simplifies the analysis without compromising the substance of the conclusions.

According to Articles 2 and 3, it is a and not b

Answer]: B The characteristics of monopolistic competition market include: 1

Number of manufacturers: many; 2.Product Difference Split Land Degree:

the same species, but with differences; 3.Difficulty in and out of the industry: relatively easy; 4.

The manufacturer's ability to influence the first: the ability to influence is small; 5.Represents (or approximately) the industry:

Reckless industrial products, retail, and services are doing the industry.

Answer] :d there are many manufacturers in the monopolistic competition market; The degree of product difference is the same, but there are differences; The influence of manufacturers on the first lead group is high-capacity, and the spike is small; It is easier to get in and out of the industry; Such as light industrial products, retail, and service industries.

Answer]: c Monopolistic competition market is a market in which many manufacturers produce and sell the same product differently. The characteristics of a monopolistic competitive market are:

A large number of enterprises produce different products of the same kind, which are very close to each other's substitutes; There are many smilers, and the existence of a large number of enterprises makes each company think that the impact of their behavior is small; The scale of production of manufacturers is relatively small, and it is relatively easy to enter and exit the market of monopolistic competition. a d two items, which are characteristic of a complete monopoly market; b, which is characteristic of a perfectly competitive market.

a.The purpose of the competition is to obtain high monopoly profits for Zhongsong, and to continuously consolidate and expand the existing monopoly position of Shida.

b.The means of competition are more diverse.

c.The competition is fiercer and more disruptive.

d.The scope of competition spans all sectors and sectors.

Correct answer: ABCD

Answer] :d in the monopolistic competition market, manufacturers still maximize profits in the short term by adjusting output and making marginal benefits equal to short-term marginal costs; If it is in a loss-making state, the manufacturer also needs to specify whether to continue production by comparing the average income of the travel fiber and the imitation can be turned into a decision. In the long run, manufacturers can adjust the scale of production so that the marginal benefit is equal to the long-term marginal cost, and pursue the maximization of profits, so the statement of option D is wrong.

The characteristics of competition under monopoly conditions are as follows:

1. The competition is more fierce and destructive.

There are a large number of manufacturers in the market, and each manufacturer must accept the market to a certain extent, but each manufacturer can exert a certain degree of influence on the market and not fully accept the market. In addition, manufacturers cannot collude with each other to control the market. For consumers, the situation is similar.

In this way, the economic man in the monopolistic competitive market is the influencer of the market.

2. Interdependence.

Each economic person in the market thinks that he can act independently of each other and is not dependent on each other. One person's decisions have little impact on others, are not easily detected, and can ignore the counteractions of others.

3. The field of competition covers all fields and departments.

The products of different manufacturers in the same industry are different from each other, either because of the difference in quality, or the difference in function, or the difference in non-substantive difference, or the difference in sales conditions. Product differences are the root cause of manufacturers' monopoly, but because the differences between products in the same industry are not so big that products cannot be substituted for each other at all, a certain degree of mutual substitutability allows manufacturers to compete with each other, so mutual substitution is the root cause of manufacturer competition.

4. Easy to get in and out.

It is easier for manufacturers to enter and exit a business. This is similar to perfect competition, the scale of the manufacturer is not very large, the capital required is not too much, and the barriers to entering and exiting an industry are not large, and it is relatively easy.

5. A product group can be formed.

A number of product groups can be formed within the industry, that is, manufacturers producing similar goods in the industry can form groups, and the degree of product difference between these groups is large, and the degree of difference between products within the group is small.

Answer]: a, b, c, d

The knowledge points examined in this question are the characteristics of competition under monopoly conditions. Compared with free competition, competition under monopoly conditions has some new characteristics. The main purpose of competition under monopoly conditions is to obtain high monopoly profits.

In terms of the scope of competition, the scale of competition has expanded, covering all fields and departments, and has expanded from domestic to foreign countries. In short, competition under the conditions of chaos and monopoly is large-scale, long-lasting, cruel and more intense, and more destructive. Therefore, ABCD is the correct option.