The basic ideas of materialism and idealism

1. Materialism and idealism are the division of philosophical schools according to a philosophical theory on the first aspect of the basic problem of philosophy (the problem of the relationship between thinking and existence). Materialism: the belief that existence is primary, thinking is secondary, and that matter and existence determine consciousness and thinking; Idealism:

It is believed that thinking is the first nature, there is the second nature, and thinking determines existence. 2. Their own views. The basic philosophical school of opposition between materialism and idealism.

It is correct about the relationship between thinking and being, between spirit and matter, acknowledging that the universe is unified with matter, and that spirit or consciousness is the product of matter; The objective material world exists independently of the spirit, and human cognition is a reflection of objective existence. Materialism usually always reflects the interests of an advanced class or group. In China, the representatives of materialism include Xunzi in the Warring States Period, Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fan Zhen in the Southern Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Dai Zhen in the Qing Dynasty.

In the West, the development of materialism can be divided into the following three stages: naïve materialism in ancient Greece and Rome; metaphysics, materialism or mechanical materialism of the sixteenth-eighteenth centuries; Dialectical materialism and historical materialism since the nineteenth century, i.e. Marxist philosophy. Idealism erroneously addresses the question of who is the first nature and who is the second nature between consciousness and matter, thinking and being.

Idealism believes that consciousness is the first nature, matter is the second nature, consciousness is the origin of the world, there is consciousness first, then matter, consciousness determines matter.

Materialism. and the basic ideas of idealism and their differences.

Idealism holds that spirit is primary and matter is secondary. Materialism holds that matter is the primary nature and spirit is the second nature, and materialism and idealism are two fundamentally opposed philosophical basic schools. Famous figures of materialism are Marx and Engels.

Idealistic celebrities include Mozi and Aristotle.

and Hegel, among others. The main representatives of idealism include China's Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Shouren.

Britain's Berkeley and Germany's Fichte, among others.

The basic ideas of materialism and idealism

a. The question of what is the nature of the world.

The question of which is the primordial and which is the primacy of matter or consciousness is philosophically ontological.

is the most important aspect. The question of what the nature of the world is is the criterion that divides materialism and idealism. Hence the question of what is the nature of the world.

Materialism holds that matter is the ontology and spirit is the attribute, and idealism believes that the spirit is the ontology and the matter is the attribute. Materialism holds that existence comes before and consciousness is derived, while idealism believes that meaning comes before and matter is derived. First to criticize metaphysics.

More thoroughly was the moderate skeptic Hume.

Extended Information: Materialism is a finite theory that acknowledges that the world is knowable, but denies the existence of omniscient beings. Idealism is a Marxist philosophy.

on the two. One of the basic schools, a philosophical system of thought opposed to materialism. Idealism is the fundamental philosophical question of the relationship between thinking and being, spirit and matter.

It is believed that spirit determines matter, and matter is the product of spirit. Idealism holds that spirit is primary and matter is secondary. Materialism holds that matter is primary and spirit is secondary, materialism.

and idealism are two fundamentally opposed philosophical schools.

Materialism: Matter is primary, consciousness is secondary, matter determines consciousness, and consciousness reacts to matter.

1.The fundamental viewpoint of materialism is that the essence of the world is matter, that there is matter first and then consciousness in the world, that matter determines consciousness, and that consciousness is a reflection of matter.

Idealism: Consciousness is primary, matter is secondary.

The difference is what materialism is, which is based on the fact that the Creator is the fundamental existence of objects, and idealism is based on the will of man.

According to the understanding of "what is the material and the spiritual is the origin of the world".PhilosophyThe first aspect of the basic questionPhilosophy can be divided into two opposing basic schools of thought, materialism and idealism. That is, the fundamental difference between materialism and idealism is the recognition of whether the original principle of the world is matter or consciousness.

Materialism. I boil down the origin of the world tosubstance, advocating the primacy of matter, the secondness of consciousness, and the determination of consciousness by matterConsciousness is a product or reflection of matter

Idealism:It boils down the origin of the world toSpirit, advocating the primacy of consciousness and the secondness of matterMatter is a product of consciousnessIt is not matter that determines consciousness, but consciousness that determines matter.

1. Materialism.

Materialism believes that matter is the first nature and consciousness is the second nature. Matter determines consciousness. In the process of the development of materialism, it is divided into three forms according to the depth and breadth of the understanding of "matter".

1. Ancient naïve materialism: it regards the original nature of the world as one or several physical objects.

2. Modern metaphysical materialism: With the development of modern physics, it regards the original principle of the world as atoms.

3. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are Marxist philosophy. The origin of the world is reduced to matter.

2. Idealism.

Idealism holds that consciousness is the first nature and matter is the second nature. It is divided into subjective idealism and objective idealism. This is a fallible part of the exam.

1. Subjective idealism: Asserts that the original principle of the world is the human spirit.

2. Objective idealism: Asserts that the essence of the world is an "objective spirit" divorced from the material world.

1. Materialism, that is, materialism, Marxism believes that materialism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to idealism, and advocates that matter is the first nature, spirit is the second nature, the origin of the world is matter, and spirit is the projection and reflection of matter. A basic view of ontology in philosophy. Between consciousness and matter, matter determines consciousness, consciousness is the reflection of the objective world in the human brain, the objective world is independent of consciousness, and subjective initiative is different from other life consciousness;

2. Idealism is idealism, Marxism believes that idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to materialism, and advocates that spirit, consciousness or idea is the first nature and matter is the second nature on the basic issues of philosophy, that is, matter depends on consciousness and exists, and matter is the product of consciousness. It is a discussion and view of the relationship between thought, mind, language, and things in philosophy.

Is there no point in the debate between idealism and materialism? How to deal with the fundamental problem of idealism.

People are originally idealistic, so materialism should be viewed through idealism, and materialism is based on idealism, so if you don't understand idealism, let alone talk about materialism.

Since only the idealistic view can make us see and be close to life, it is only when you really understand materialism that you will understand its limitations, and this is a fact that we cannot change, but we can understand it more deeply and know it.

For example, from the materialist point of view, no matter what kind of changes in the external world are determined by people's thoughts, there is only one result in the development of things, and this is the objective result, which is also inevitable, or it can be said to be fate.

Just like history, no matter how many possibilities there are now (determined by the human mind), once it becomes history, there is only one objective result. And it is impossible for the human mind to break through this limitation. Therefore, it can only be said to be a certain degree, and this degree is the degree of idealism.

This is materialistic thinking