How to make a simple herbarium?

Maybe I'm not very professional, but I'm a forestry-related major, and I have a taxidermy in my freshman major. To put it simply, you have to take down the plant first, if it is an arbor or something, you can cut off the branches (there is a tool called branch shears), if it is a small herb, you can dig it up by the roots, shake the soil clean, and if it is too long, you can fold it. Then it is to find some paper with better water absorption, for example, there is a kind of yellow paper, which is commonly used by people who chant scriptures that may be bought in the kind of tribute store, I don't know if you have seen it, it is very cheap and very large.

Fold the paper into about A4 size, about four layers, too thin and easy to break. Hold the plant in a piece of paper, and the fruit is best kept, but be careful not to mistake the gall for the fruit. Press with a heavy object.

Pay attention to spread out the leaves, and change the paper in time, otherwise it will be moldy, and the paper can still be used when it is dry. Well, that's pretty much it, let's just take a look, I hope it helps. ‍‍

If you are serious about studying this plant, then the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds must be collected without falling, and it may be easier for some herbs, just uproot and pat off the soil, but it is very difficult for shrubs and trees. If you are making a specimen for the purpose of appreciating plants, then you only need to collect the most beautiful and representative part of the specimen. It is recommended to take a little more and a larger one when collecting, so that you can choose the best one when you go back to make it.

Treat the specimen as soon as possible after collection, wipe the unclean places carefully, and prune the messy branches and leaves (the leaves are too dense and not good to shape and the specimen is not beautiful), and it is best to keep a little trace of the cut part to protect the original morphological characteristics (such as the way the leaves grow, the characteristics of the inflorescence, etc.). If the fruit is too big or hard to press, take it out separately and dry it in the shade, and finally put it back in place when it is framed. ‍‍

Pick off the beautiful parts of the plant (usually flowers or leaves), press them under the paper, and take them out when they are dry; Since the latter is scientific, it is necessary to express all aspects of the plant, so it is stupid to cut a flower and a leaf alone, at least including the stem, leaves and even roots of the plant (preferably flowers and seeds), and then make a specimen according to various methods on the Internet, and then preserve it.

I started making specimens in 2012, at first for the sake of good looks, and over time, I made them bigger and bigger, and I was not satisfied with the small fuss of bookmarks. On the one hand, I like flowers, and I feel that it is unbearable to throw them into the trash after the flowers are defeated, so I will intercept the flowers and leaves of plants and press them in thick books; On the other hand, I like to travel, I don't like to buy souvenirs, picking flowers and leaves to make specimens, is the best souvenir.

Leaves, Shu Ping pressed into the book - flowers, if it is a rose, the flowers are relatively large and thick, you can pick the leaves and press them one by one; If it is a small flower, directly choose a good position (side front) to flatten. Note: When you just put it in, you have to consciously press it hard, when I'm outside, sometimes I just sit on the book, hahahaha.

Then open the book and see if there's anything you want to adjust.

In fact, the landlord just wants to know the plants in Guangzhou, and he can take pictures in the form of photos, which can be uploaded to PPBC or CFH after taking pictures, and can establish his own photo library, and communicate with other people to help each other identify. Privately collected specimens, after the production is completed, are not collected by the herbarium, are relatively easy to damage, and occupy their own space. ‍‍

I would like to say that it is now advisable to take pictures, keep specimens from the wild, and build your own digital specimens. The specimen will change color and be damaged, and it is indeed not easy to collect all the branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. I just finished listening to the teacher of Chenshan Botanical Garden talk about CFH.

You can set up your own photo album in the CFH-China Herbarium, identify or find someone to help identify, and you can also use GPS positioning to know your own collection route, some cameras also have positioning functions, and some Nikon cameras have GPS positioning.

I'm just sandwiched in a thick book by myself, and I've made it plastic after drying, but there is no description of the name of the plant at the collection location, and it's not professional to do it. ‍‍

I found a five-petaled lilac this spring and thought about saving her. Later, I felt that many flowers in the school were super beautiful, so I pressed a lot. ‍‍

When I was in junior high school, I took an extracurricular book folder with various leaves from school. Because there were too many clips, the leaves became moldy along with the books. Don't repeat my mistakes. ‍‍

Collect materials: Pick materials during the flowering period of the plant to keep the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots complete. Make a production:

Place the petals, roots, stems, and leaves neatly on the straw paper, and fix them with wooden clips after laying the straw paper. Preservation method: Sort and place in the specimen cabinet and put mothballs in it.

Precautions: Plant specimens should not be exposed to the sun.

1. Collect materials

It is best to pick the materials for making plant specimens during the flowering period of the plant, keep the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots complete, and then prepare the herbarium folder and daylily paper for water absorption.

2. Make it

After collecting the materials for making specimens, first place the petals neatly on the straw paper, then arrange the roots, stems and leaves, each leaf should be flattened, if the length of the stem and root exceeds the specimen clip, then fold it on the straw paper, and finally spread several layers of absorbent straw paper on it and fix it with wooden clips.

3. Storage method

When the plant specimen is preserved, it should be classified and placed in the specimen cabinet or specimen box, which is put into the mothball, in order to prevent moths from gnawing, when it is rainy in spring and summer, the specimen should be placed in a ventilated and dry position to avoid moldy specimens, and it should be checked frequently and wiped in time.

4. Precautions

After the production of plant specimens, it can not be exposed to the sun, otherwise it is easy to change color, and the specimen pressed in the specimen holder needs to be turned over twice a day, and replaced with clean absorbent straw paper, and the used straw paper can be recycled after drying to reduce the waste of resources.

How to make a herbarium:

1. Arrange the target plants and lay them on the pages or paper;

3. Press a pile of heavy objects on top of the specimen to help the specimen dry and form, and the time can be controlled in one week;

4. Label the prepared specimens, and a complete plant specimen is ready.

The production of plant specimens is one of the powerful means to solve the problem of botanical teaching aids. If there are living plants in the classroom, it is more conducive to students' deeper understanding. The use of plant specimens can avoid the regional and seasonal restrictions of some plants.

At the same time, the herbarium preserves the shape and color of the plant for future re-observation and research. A small number of plant specimens are also collectible.

Leaf specimens are of great significance for plant taxonomy, as they allow botanists to search for specimens from different regions throughout the year. Some large herbariums often have more than a million herbariums, which botanists use to describe and identify.

The rapid development of plant taxonomy in the second half of the 16th century was largely facilitated by the new technique of herbarium specimens. The significance of leaf specimens is not limited to the study of plant taxonomy, and the collection and production of leaf specimens are more out of a perception of nature and life in the eyes of ordinary people, and out of a naturalist tradition and complex.

The method of making plant specimens is as follows:

Raw materials and tools: flowers, photo frames, glue, paper.

1. Treat flowers and plants.

Homemade specimens of flowers and plants first need to be treated for better preservation. When collecting fresh flowers and plants, you first need to prune them, cut off dead branches and rotten leaves and incomplete flowers, try to ensure the integrity of the flowers and plants, make the finished product beautiful, and then clean them.

2. Suppress the specimen.

Pressing the specimen is to make the specimen dry and level faster. Place the specimen on non-staining absorbent paper or newspaper, noting that the paper needs to be overlapped in multiple layers so that the specimen can be more flat. Then spread multiple layers of paper on top of the specimen, clip the specimen clip, press the heavy object, change the paper frequently in the first few days, and remove the binding after the specimen becomes brittle.

3. Binding. Staple the specimen on A4 paper or other paper books, you can use glue or tape to carefully glue it, or you can use the photo overmolding method to overmold it, which can better waterproof, anti-breakage, and effectively extend the storage time.

4. Storage. Bound specimens should be placed reasonably to prevent mold and insect damage and affect the viewing. When storing, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place away from direct sunlight, which can cause the specimen to fade. It is also necessary to check regularly whether there is insect moth or mildew, and if it is found, it should be dealt with in time, which is conducive to the long-term preservation of specimens.

Clause.

1. Collect complete plant samples.

Clause. 2. Wash the collected plant samples and use paper to absorb the surface moisture.

Clause. 3. Lay a piece of absorbent paper on the corrugated paper, put the plants, and then cover a piece of absorbent paper and a piece of corrugated paper, place them in the middle of the specimen folder, and tie the specimen folder tightly with the hemp god.

Clause. Fourth, change the paper every day, and the plant specimen will be ready in about a week.

Clause. 5. Frame the prepared plant specimens.