The difference between the heroic view of history and the mass view of history

The main difference is between individuals and people, which plays a greater role in the process of historical development. Marxism.

's historical materialism holds that history is created by the people. The mainstream idealistic view of history in the West.

It is generally believed that heroes and great men play a decisive role in the process of historical development, and the people are the driving force and belong to the objects of leadership. Therefore, there is a great difference in the description of history by Eastern and Western historians, which makes people feel that it is only a miracle of the development of human civilization, such as the use of different historical views on Napoleon.

The study was an eye-opener for me. At present, in the field of historiography, comparative and comprehensive methods will be used to conduct historical research, and the mainstream is the materialist view of history of the masses, but it is not possible to absolutely negate the idealistic view of heroic history. Whether it is the concept of mass history or the concept of heroic history, it still emphasizes the decisive role of man in the historical process, but Mr. Stavrianos launched the "General History of the World".

Later, it brought a new concept of historiography, that is, the influence of the objective environment of the natural world on the course of human history.

The concept of heroic history and the concept of mass history are two different concepts of history, which emphasize different factors and forces in the development of history.

The heroic view of history holds that history is created by individual outstanding people whose actions change history. Heroes are a category of historical outlook corresponding to the masses of the people, and usually refer to outstanding figures. Some occasions also refer to historical figures who have played an important role in the development of history, such as emperors, kings, generals, ministers and some thinkers.

Before the emergence of Marxism, the theories of social history ignored the role of the masses in history, but directly or indirectly propagated the idea that heroes create history. For example, Liang Qichao believes that "history is the stage of heroes, and there is no history without heroes"; The British thinker Bacon directly declared that "history is the biography of great men" and "the memoirs of great men".

The concept of mass history holds that history is created by the masses of the people, and the masses of the people are the main body of history. The masses of the people are the active subjects in the historical process and, generally speaking, play a major decisive role in social development. The concept of mass history adheres to the basic principle of Marxism that the masses of people are the creators of history, and makes a new definition of the concept of the masses in terms of philosophical categories.

In short, there are fundamental differences between the heroic view of history and the mass view of history in terms of the factors and forces of historical development. The heroic view of history holds that history is created by individual outstanding figures, while the mass view of history emphasizes that history is created by the masses of the people.

Heroic history is centered on the individual. Recognize that history is created by heroes.

1. The concept of heroic history refers to the fact that heroes have created history, such as the actions of outstanding people will change history; The concept of mass history refers to the creation of history by the people, and it is true that history itself is also promoted by the joint force of many scholars;

2. The heroic idealistic view of history refers to the fact that consciousness determines matter, and believes that the form of consciousness is the first nature. For example, the influence of Confucian culture on the important simple jujube peel in Chinese history; The mass materialist view of history refers to the fact that material determines consciousness, and all achievements of civilization are inseparable from the production of material materials.

The heroic view of history isdenying the creative role of the masses in history, and exaggerating a few outstanding figures to dominate historyThe idealistic view of history.

First, the detailed introduction

Subjective idealists regard the development of history as determined by the impatience of a few heroic figures and the will, reputation, and talent of the emperors and generals, and believe that the masses of the people are nothing more than passive and passive "inert substances" and blind followers of a few heroic figures.

T. of the United KingdomCarlyle (1795-1881) believed that the history of the whole world "is in fact the external and material result of the thoughts of the great men who were born into this world" and that "the history of these great men truly constitutes the soul of the whole world history".

The heroic view of history has deep roots in German philosophy, and some of the 19th-century German Young Hegelians saw individuals with "critical minds" as the creators of history, such as Powell. b.It is said that "criticism" is the absolute spirit, and he himself is "criticism".

Although Hegel believed that history is not the result of individual whims, but is determined by some objective spirit, he also believed that great people are the first people of the "world spirit".

He once referred to Napoleon (1769-1821) as the spirit of the world on horseback. He believed that these great men created history in order to satisfy the needs of the world spirit for discovering themselves, realizing themselves, returning to themselves.

Although he saw that social life could not continue without the masses of the people, that is, the "individuals engaged in reproduction", he also believed that the masses were only an amorphous group of things, that their actions were entirely spontaneous, that the superiority of the great man lay in his ability to know and express the absolute will, and that all men were gathered under his banner.

In the eighteenth century, French materialists proposed that man is a product of social circumstances. But by the social environment, they mainly mean the political and legal system. In this way, the development of society is still determined by a small number of rational legislators, i.e., "great genius" figures such as enlightened monarchs.

I appreciate Mr. Guo Songmin's words the most:

The people were convinced that they could become heroes. The people gain inspiration and self-confidence from their heroic image, and then establish their own subjectivity, convinced that they can become the masters of history, can control their own destiny, and do not have to kneel before the emperor, the general, the talented and the beautiful, and all the elites, and pray for their mercy and salvation.

The instructor said: "The people, and only the people, are the great force for the progress of history", the people said: "Long live ***", and he said: "Long live the people".

This is the real hero of the historical view of Li He!

The epistemic roots that remain on the surface of historical phenomena, the social and historical roots of a small number of people engaging in political domination and monopolizing spiritual and cultural life, and the class roots of exploiting class thinkers out of hierarchical prejudice.

According to the question bank questions: The root cause of the heroic view of history is ( ) aStay at the epistemic roots of historical phenomena.

b.The social and historical roots of a small number of people engaged in political domination and monopolization of spiritual and cultural life. c.

The exploiting class thinkers have the class roots of class prejudice. d.The root cause of people's limited cognitive ability.

The correct answer is A, B, C. Therefore, it is the root cause of understanding that stays on the surface of historical phenomena, the social and historical root cause of a small number of people engaging in political domination and monopolizing spiritual and cultural life, and the class root cause of class prejudice of exploiting class ideologues.

Hero, Chinese vocabulary. Pinyin is yīng xióng, which refers to a person who is brave and brave, and has heroic qualities.