Lesson 3 How history recreates history

Historiography is the study of historical materials to reflect history.

The study of history is inseparable from historical materials, which are the traces left by the development process of human society, and it can provide us with historical information that will never return. However, human history is an extremely colorful, all-round, and living objective existence, and the historical materials that have been handed down (even if they are very detailed historical materials) are always relatively one-sided, partial, fragmentary, and rigid compared with the objective historical process, and they inevitably infiltrate into the subjective consciousness of the historical data makers. This simplicity and subjectivity of historical materials determine that historical materials are not history.

Historiography is a science that reveals the truth of history and explores the laws of history, and it must be based on historical materials. Without historical materials, historiography will become water without a source and a tree without roots. However, historical materials are by no means equal to historiography, still less can they replace historiography.

Only on the basis of earnestly, comprehensively, and scientifically sorting, analyzing, and studying historical materials can people reveal the true process and essential laws of historical development, and only in this way can it be called historiography.

To sum up, historical materials ≠ history ≠ historiography, but historical materials are the objects of the historian's direct role, the only basis for historical understanding, the basis of historical understanding, and the intermediary of historical understanding. Historiography is the study of historical materials to reflect history.

Target. Content.

Knowledge and Competence.

Process & Methodology.

Emotional attitudes and values.

Remember. Understand.

Wield. The role of historical sources in "reconstructing" history.

Classification of historical materials and historical materials.

The value of historical materials, the role of various historical materials, and the relationship between written and physical materials.

Collect and organize all kinds of historical materials.

Illustration teaching. Data Presentation.

Issue**. How suspicious and thoughtful the spirit of historical materials should be.

Basic methods for the study of history.

Liu Zhiji's "Stone", Liang Qichao's "Chinese Historical Research Method" and "Supplement to Chinese Historical Research Method".

The characteristics and functions of the long compilation method and the analogical narrative method, the structural analysis method and the class analysis method, the historical comparative research method and the multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research method.

On the basis of mastering historical materials, students will learn and apply the basic methods of historical research.

Example teaching. Issue**.

The study of history requires a wealth of knowledge, a broad perspective, and the ability to apply a variety of disciplines.

Compilation of historical books.

Problems to be paid attention to in the compilation of historical books.

The compilation of historical books is not only a formal comparison, but also reflects the author's views and insights.

Use the methods and insights of Sima Qian, Chen Shou, Du You and others to compile historical books.

The compilation of historical books is governed by the historical opinions of historians.

Historical extremists are able to completely reconstruct history. Hunger guess ().

a.That's right. b.Mistakes are reckless.

Correct answer: B

Today, the study of social history can be said to remain the most dynamic field in the field of historical research, and the study of regional social history.

It can be said to be a good entry point for the study of social history.

For a country like China, which has a vast territory, significant differences between different regions, and uneven development in different regions, it is necessary to spatially decompose China into smaller, more easily grasped units. Yes.

regional, provincial or local-centric".

The study of regional social history is a practical approach.

And Zhao Shiyu's.

Small. History and Big History: The Concept, Methods and Practice of Regional Social History

Beijing: Life, Reading, New Knowledge, 2006

Annual Edition, hereinafter referred to as "Small History and Big History".

It is such a book dedicated to the personal practice of regional social history**.

Small History and Big History".

The book is a study of the Center for Historical Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University and the Hong Kong Humanities and Social Studies of the University of Hong Kong.

One of the "History Field Series" co-editors.

The book is divided into "Academic History, Ideas, and Prospects".

Legend with. Regional History".

Where the country is "where it is".

Small History and Big Calendar Guess History" four parts, each part is the author's note.

At the end of the book, there is an appendix entitled "Political History, Social History, and Historical Anthropology".

Interview with the author of the question.

In fact, from the titles of these four parts, we can see the idea of the regional social history of the author of the paragraph search type:

The author conducts the practice of regional social history by focusing on popular beliefs and folklore, while emphasizing the "state" in the process

The presence of characters that tried to pass through the "little history".

That is, the analysis of local and normal history: such as the history of the individual, the local, the history of the everyday, the history of life experience) to better understand and interpret the "big history".

That is, the history of the whole world: such as changing the dynasty.

The history of generational change, the rise and fall of chaos, important events, people, rules and regulations, etc.).

A Review and Reflection on the Study of Chinese Social History in the Century" is a review article on the study of social history.

The general review article is different from the article.

Attempts to use the researcher's own identity or the research vision conveyed from his or her work.

and problem awareness, as a basis for sorting out the development of social history in the past century".

The author goes through the society of various periods in Chinese history.

The analysis of the "research horizon and problem awareness" of the history works clarifies the transformation of social history research from "downward vision" to "bottom-up".

on such a shift in research thinking.

Unlike the general review article, which simply reviews the status of the study, the authors are here.

There is also a tendency of consciousness in the text:

That is, the promotion of the research method or research concept of regional social history.

Author. While thinking about the research status of social history, the concepts and methods of social history, he also reflected on the theory of regional social history.

The same tendency can be seen in the other two articles in the first part.

(1) Backwardness.

2) Ignorance, corruption and incompetence (internal causes); Invasion by the Great Powers (External Causes).

3) For example: valuable lessons are provided. We must bear history firmly in mind, persist in taking economic construction as the central task, persist in reform and opening up, adhere to the four cardinal principles, and build our country into a powerful socialist country.

1 It should be said that historical events are the basis of historical analysis, and historical development only pushes the method of historical analysis to a new peak. Historical analysis is the method of "decomposing historical objects into their elements" and studying the essence of things from the individual aspects of the whole thing. Historical events are a unity of complex contradictions, and the various parts that make up this unity are inherently interconnected.

In order to understand the event, it is necessary to temporarily break down the various parts, to understand them separately, and to discover from the many aspects and phenomena what constitutes the basis and essence of the event. For example, the overall understanding of the French Revolution must be based on a specific understanding of its causes, leadership, main forces, and processes. Even to understand the causes of the French Revolution, it is also necessary to understand the economic, class relations, and ideological problems of France at the end of the 18th century.

Mastering the analytical and logical thinking method is of great significance for the study of history. First of all, the above examples have shown that analysis is a basic method of thinking that is indispensable for the formation of a correct concept of history. In addition, analysis is the premise and foundation of other historical thinking skills.

The basic principle of historical analysis is that the history of analysis is the historical figures, historical events and their processes that are active under specific time and space conditions. The certainty of historical time and space determines the basic characteristics of the method of understanding history. History's understanding of people, events, and phenomena is shifted by a certain time, place, and social condition.

This is the primary condition for understanding history with historical thinking, and it is also a prerequisite for analysis. The task of analysis is to further extract the essence of things from the various parts. Discovering the main essence of things in the many properties and aspects of things is the key to dialectical analysis.

Both. Those who can analyze history and create historical development are historical researchers. Instead of the many experts and professors who are now vigorously criticizing history. How it should be.