What are the characteristics of hemoptysis? What is not a feature of hemoptysis

What is hemoptysis? In layman's terms, coughing with blood in the sputum is called hemoptysis. What causes hemoptysis?

What is its definition? First of all, hemoptysis refers to the damage or lesions of our airways and lungs below the glottis, and the presence of blood in the sputum is called hemoptysis.

Answer: Deficit case] :d

Clinical manifestations of hemoptysis: hemoptysis is characterized by throat tightness, chest tightness, cough and stupidity before bleeding, followed by coughing up bright red foamy sputum, and the blood is alkaline by acid-base measurement. Bloody sputum persists for several days. Therefore, D should be selected for this question.

There are many causes of hemoptysis, mainly respiratory diseases.

1. Respiratory diseases.

Tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, lung abscess, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary amebiasis, lung flukes, bronchial stones, pneumoconiosis, lung metastases of malignant tumors, benign bronchoma, etc.

2. Diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thrombophilia, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, etc.

3. Systemic diseases and other causes.

Thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, pulmonary plague, chronic renal failure, uremia, Behcet's disease, chest trauma, pulmonary hemorrhage, nephritic syndrome, replacement menstruation, oxygen toxicity and connective tissue diseases, etc.

Hemoptysis refers to bleeding from the respiratory organs below the larynx, which is discharged from the oral cavity through coughing, and hemoptysis must first be distinguished from oral, pharyngeal, and epistaxis. Nasal bleeding usually flows from the anterior nostrils, and it is easy to diagnose bleeding foci that are often found in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum. Sometimes there is a lot of bleeding in the back of the nose that can be mistaken for hemoptysis, and the diagnosis is confirmed by nasopharyngoscopy when blood flows down the pharyngeal wall from the posterior nostrils.

Mechanism: The pressure in the pulmonary artery is low, only about 1 6 of the aortic pressure, but the vascular bed is abundant, the blood flow is large, and about 97% of the blood in the whole body flows through the pulmonary artery for gas exchange, so there are more opportunities for pulmonary artery hemorrhage, and the bronchial artery comes from the systemic circulation, so the pressure is higher, and it can cause massive bleeding after rupture, and the mechanism of hemoptysis is mainly as follows

1. Increased vascular permeability.

Due to pulmonary infection, poisoning, or vascular embolism, pathogens and other products can directly damage the microvasculature or increase the permeability of the microvascular wall through the action of vasoactive substances, and red blood cells enter the alveoli from the dilated microvascular endothelial cell space and cause a small amount of hemoptysis.

2. Erosion and rupture of blood vessel wall.

Chronic infection of the lungs damages the elastic fibers of the blood vessel wall, and small arteriolar hemangiomas are formed locally, and the hemangioma ruptures and bleeds heavily when coughing or moving violently, often causing suffocation and sudden death, and this kind of hemangioma is more common in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis.

3. Increased intravascular pressure in the lungs.

Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, etc., the pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels increases, which can cause blood extravasation or rupture of small blood vessels and cause hemoptysis.

4. Coagulation dysfunction.

It is commonly found in blood diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, and is due to factors such as coagulation factor defects or disorders in the coagulation process and poor vasoconstriction, and hemoptysis may also occur on the basis of systemic bleeding tendency.

5. Mechanical damage.

Trauma or calcification of tuberculosis, mechanical damage to blood vessels by bronchial stones causes hemoptysis.

Stupid, it's bronchiectasis. My internal medicine book is bronchiectasis with hemoptysis rescue. And I have three basic books.

It's bronchiectasis, but in our country it's tuberculosis and then bronchiectasis and broncholung cancer.

Lobar pneumonia, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, left heart failure, lung cancer.

Hemoptysis is a process in which the respiratory organs below the larynx, i.e., the trachea, bronchi, or lung tissue, bleed, and is expelled from the mouth by coughing. Hemoptysis can be caused not only by respiratory diseases, but also by circulatory diseases, trauma, and other systemic diseases or systemic factors.

Hemoptysis will not appear simply, it must be when there is some disease in the body to have this symptom, so we should understand what causes hemoptysis, everyone has a certain understanding of hemoptysis, there are many reasons for hemoptysis, and there are some patients with unknown causes of hemoptysis, called occult hemoptysis. It is precisely because you do not understand the cause of hemoptysis that we will introduce some of this problem for you. For details, it is recommended to consult the doctor of Wuhan Modern Obstetrics and Gynecology in Qiaokou.

1. Bronchial diseases.

Common ones include bronchiectasis (tuberculous or non-tuberculous), chronic bronchitis, endobronchial tuberculosis, and bronchial cancer (primary lung cancer). Less common are benign bronchioma, endobronchial stones, and non-specific bronchial ulcers.

2. Lung disease.

Common ones include tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, etc., and less common ones include pulmonary stasis, pulmonary infarction, malignant tumor metastasis, pulmonary cysts, pulmonary mycosis, and pulmonary flukes. Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of hemoptysis.

3. Cardiovascular disease.

More commonly is hemoptysis due to mitral stenosis. Hemoptysis can also occur when pulmonary hypertension is caused by certain congenital heart diseases such as atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.

4. Miscellaneous. Blood diseases (such as thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hemophilia, etc.); Acute infectious diseases (such as pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc.); connective tissue diseases (e.g., polyarteritis nodosa); endometriosis, etc.

Hemoptysis is a process in which the respiratory organs below the larynx, i.e., the trachea, bronchi, or lung tissue, bleed, and is expelled from the mouth by coughing. Hemoptysis can be caused not only by respiratory disorders, but also by circulatory disorders, trauma, and other systemic or systemic causes. Should be distinguished from oral, pharyngeal, and epistaxis, as well as hematemesis.

According to the bleeding site and pathogenesis, hemoptysis can be divided into three categories, namely exudative hemorrhage, pulmonary vascular hemorrhage, and bronchial vascular hemorrhage.

1. Exudative hemorrhage.

Blood leaks out of capillaries, which may be due to the expansion of capillaries due to the toxins produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and histamine produced by tuberculosis lesions, or it may be related to changes in intrapulmonary pressure, vitamin deficiency or coagulation insufficiency, and some can also be caused by increased capillary permeability and bleeding due to long-term use of isoniazid. This type of hemoptysis is small and usually contains blood in the sputum.

2. Pulmonary vascular hemorrhage.

Tuberculosis lesions erode the walls of blood vessels and cause hemorrhageAccording to the collection of the education network, the amount of bleeding can vary depending on the size and depth of the damaged blood vessels. When a hemangioma (small aneurysm) on the wall of the cavity ruptures, massive hemoptysis may occur, and even asphyxia shock or death may occur.

3. Bronchial vascular hemorrhage.

Tuberculous bronchiectasis and endobronchial congestion, erosive and granululcer types. Bleeding occurs due to blood oozing from the ulcer surface or by the ulcer eroding the blood vessel wall. The amount of bleeding varies.

Hemoptysis is bleeding from the respiratory tract or lung tissues below the larynx that comes out of the mouth.

It is divided into: small hemoptysis, that is, the daily volume of hemoptysis is between 100ml.

Moderate hemoptysis: i.e., between 100 and 500 ml per day.

Massive hemoptysis: that is, the amount of hemoptysis is more than 500 ml per day, or 300 500 m of hemoptysis at one time.

Hemoptysis is bleeding from the throat and any part of the respiratory tract below the larynx that is coughed up through the mouth. A small amount of hemoptysis sometimes manifests only as blood in the sputum, and in large hemoptysis, blood gushes out of the mouth and nose, often blocking the airway and causing death by asphyxiation.

Causes of symptoms. 1. Bronchial diseases.

Common include bronchiectasis, broncholung cancer, bronchial tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis; Rare ones include bronchial stones, bronchial adenomas, and non-specific ulcers of the bronchial mucosa. It occurs mainly due to increased bronchial mucosal or capillary permeability due to inflammation, tumors, or stones, or rupture of submucosal blood vessels.

2. Lung disease.

Common include tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, etc.; It is less common in pulmonary congestion, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary parasitic disease, pulmonary mycosis, alveolitis, pulmonary hemosiderosis and pulmonary hemorrhagic nephritic syndrome. Hemoptysis in pneumonia is common in pneumococcal pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, pneumobacterium pneumonia, and Legionella pneumonia, and sometimes blood in sputum for mycoplasma pneumonia.

In China, the primary cause of hemoptysis is still tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis is more likely to be infiltrative, cavitary tuberculosis and caseous pneumonia, and hemoptysis is less common in acute hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis. The mechanism of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis is that the tuberculous lesions increase capillary permeability and blood exudes, resulting in blood or small blood clots in the sputum; If the lesion involves small vessels and the wall of the tube is ulcerated, moderate hemoptysis is caused; If a small aneurysm from a pulmonary artery branch at the cavity wall ruptures, or an arteriovenous fistula from a secondary tuberculous bronchiectasis, it can cause massive hemoptysis and even life-threatening.

3. Cardiovascular disease.

It is more common in mitral stenosis, followed by pulmonary hypertension or primary pulmonary hypertension caused by congenital heart disease, as well as pulmonary embolism, pulmonary vasculitis, hypertension, etc. Hemoptysis due to cardiovascular disease may present with small hemoptysis or blood in sputum, massive hemoptysis, pink frothy bloody sputum, and thick, dark red bloody sputum. The mechanism of its occurrence is mostly caused by the rupture of alveolar wall or bronchial endometrial capillaries caused by pulmonary congestion and the rupture of bronchial varices in the subbronchial mucosa.

4. Miscellaneous. Blood diseases (such as leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, etc.), some acute infectious diseases (such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever, pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, etc.), rheumatic diseases (such as polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis, Behcet's disease, etc.) or trachea, bronchoendometriosis can cause hemoptysis.

Disease Network Hemoptysis Hemoptysis is linked to a classification page.

Hemoptysis classification. 1.Small hemoptysis: The amount of hemoptysis per day is less than 100ml.

2.Moderate hemoptysis: 100-500 ml of hemoptysis per day

3. Massive hemoptysis: hemoptysis greater than 500ml per day or hemoptysis up to 300ml at one time.

2 Lung diseases are common tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, etc.; Less common are pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary flukes, pulmonary cysts, pulmonary vascular malformations, etc. Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of hemoptysis, and its bleeding mechanism is that tuberculous lesions increase the permeability of pulmonary hair vessels, and blood exudes, which is manifested as bloodstreaks, blood spots or small blood clots in sputum; If the lesion erodes the small blood vessels and causes the co-rupture feed, NJ causes moderate hemoptysis; If the aneurysm forms from the pulmonary artery branch of the cave wall ruptures, it causes massive hemoptysis.

Hello, the most common cause of hemoptysis is tuberculosis, of course, the amount of bleeding in the digestive system can cause hemoptysis, combined with your brother's original history of tuberculosis, first consider hemoptysis or caused by tuberculosis. It is recommended that your brother go to the hospital for a CT or bronchoscopy, and you also need to rule out gastrointestinal diseases, positively, otherwise it will be very troublesome to cause hemoptysis, I wish your brother **!

1. Hemoptysis refers to bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract below the larynx and below, and it is coughed up through the mouth. The amount of hemoptysis varies from the severity of the disease. Minor hemoptysis should be distinguished from nasopharyngeal or oral bleeding.

Epistaxis usually flows from the nostrils, and hemorrhage is often found in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum; Posterior nasal hemorrhage, in which the patient has a pharyngeal foreign body sensation due to blood flowing down from the posterior nostrils along the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall.

2. Hemoptysis is often caused by respiratory and circulatory diseases, and can also be caused by trauma, other systemic diseases or systemic factors. The amount of hemoptysis varies depending on the nature of the lesion, and blood gushes out of the mouth and nose during massive hemoptysis, sometimes blocking the airway and causing asphyxia, or severe blood loss causing shock. According to the literature, the case fatality rate of asphyxia or hemorrhagic shock complicated by massive hemoptysis can reach 50 100, and more people die from asphyxia than from hemorrhagic shock.

Small hemoptysis is sometimes ignored because it has only blood in the sputum.

3. Hemoptysis is common, and the common ones are bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary cancer, bronchial tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis, which occurs due to inflammation, tumors and other damage to the bronchial mucosa and the capillaries at the lesions, which increase the permeability or rupture of the submembrane blood vessels.

The common ** are tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, etc. In China, tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of hemoptysis. Tuberculosis lesions causing hemoptysis, commonly known as infiltrative exudates, cavitation, and caseating pneumonia.

The mechanism of its occurrence is that the lesion increases the permeability of capillaries, which can be bloodshots, blood spots or small blood clots in the sputum; small blood vessels are ruptured due to lesional erosion, presenting with moderate hemoptysis; A ruptured small aneurysm in the cavity wall, or a ruptured arteriovenous fistula secondary to bronchiectasis, can cause massive hemoptysis.

4 Common causes are rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary infarction, etc. Mitral stenosis can cause pulmonary congestion, resulting in rupture of the alveolar wall or bronchial intimal capillaries, often with a small amount of hemoptysis or streaks in sputum. Bleeding from ruptured bronchial submucosal varices is usually massive hemoptysis.

Hemoptysis can also occur when pulmonary hypertension is caused by some congenital heart diseases, such as atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Because there is collateral circulation between the pulmonary veins and bronchi, increased pulmonary venous pressure can increase the pressure of small venules under the bronchial membrane, resulting in varicose veins and ruptured hemorrhage.