If you have diabetes, what are the 4 manifestations that are typical symptoms of diabetic nephropath

If you have a yellowish complexion, you may urinate more often. Symptoms of blackening in front of your eyes when you stand up. Bitterness in the mouth, which is typical of diabetic nephropathy.

There is a lot of foam in the urine, the body will have edema, the limbs will always be weak, and the blood pressure will also fluctuate, these four manifestations are typical symptoms of diabetic nephropathy.

Foaming in the urine, edema of the body, weakness in the limbs, abnormal blood pressure, pale face, weakness in the limbs.

Symptoms in patients with diabetic nephropathy are:

1) Proteinuria: can be the only manifestation in the early stage. During this period, proteinuria is intermittent and progresses to persistent, and urinalyscopy may reveal white blood cells and casts.

2) Edema: Patients with diabetic nephropathy generally do not have edema in the early stage, and a small number of patients may have mild edema after the plasma protein is reduced. Edema occurs when there is more than 3 grams of protein in the urine in 24 hours. Significant edema is seen only in patients with diabetic nephropathy that worsens rapidly.

3) Hypertension: Hypertension is seen in diabetic patients with long-term proteinuria, but it is not very serious. High blood pressure can worsen kidney disease.

4) Anemia: Patients with diabetic nephropathy with obvious azotemia may have mild to moderate anemia. Anemia is a disorder of erythropoiesis that is ineffective with iron**.

5) Abnormal renal function: from the appearance of proteinuria to abnormal renal function, the interval varies greatly, if diabetes is well controlled, proteinuria can occur for many years without abnormal renal function. If it is not well controlled, renal insufficiency will gradually worsen.

In general, symptoms of early diabetic nephropathy include the following:

1. Fatigue and weakness, yellowing of the face, loss of appetite, etc. Most patients with renal insufficiency disease will have these manifestations in the early stages, but people often think that it may be related to physical weakness or poor rest, and ignore the "truth" behind it.

2. Eyelid or facial edema in the morning, which subsides in the afternoon, edema can also appear in low-hanging parts of the body, such as the inner ankles, both lower limbs and even the lumbosacral region, etc., edema is often aggravated after exertion and reduced after rest.

3. There is a lot of foam in the urine, which does not disappear for a long time, which often indicates that there is more protein excreted in the urine; When the urine color changes, it is like washing meat, soy sauce, strong brown or turbid like rice water, you should see a doctor immediately and be clear**.

4. Young people have high blood pressure, and symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and blurred vision may occur. However, some patients have tolerated high blood pressure for a long time without any discomfort. It is not advisable to judge whether blood pressure is elevated based on the presence or absence of symptoms alone, and blood pressure should be measured frequently.

5. In the absence of fever, heavy sweating, diarrhea, etc., when the amount of urine decreases or increases sharply, it is necessary to go to the hospital for corresponding examinations in time to confirm whether there is a problem with the kidneys.

6. Or the increase in nocturia in young people may be an early clinical manifestation of poor renal function; If you have no clear cause of low back pain, it may be a problem with the kidneys, spine, and lower back muscles, and you should also go to the hospital for examination.

Some patients with diabetic nephropathy often experience loss of appetite, even if they see what they usually like to eat, they do not want to eat, and it may be accompanied by nausea. Patients with diabetic nephropathy are not prone to edema in the early stage, but when the plasma protein of the human body is reduced, some patients will have a slight edema, and in the late stage, with the continuous reduction of plasma protein, the edema of the body is becoming more and more serious, and edema has become a common symptom of diabetic nephropathy.

Answer]: c Diabetic nephropathy is often manifested as nodular or diffuse glomerulosclerosis, of which nodular glomerulosclerosis is a typical manifestation of buried oranges, glomerular microalbuminuria can occur in the early stage, persistent microalbuminuria in the middle stage, and persistent proteinuria in the late stage.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the more common complications of diabetes. What are the specific causes of diabetic nephropathy?

Genetic factors

Diabetic nephropathy can also occur in some patients with long-term good glycemic control. It also shows the phenomenon of family clustering, and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is also significantly higher in some diabetic patients with a family history of hypertension than in patients without a family history of hypertension.

High blood pressure

Elevated blood pressure during hypertension or the intermediate- to microalbuminuria phase of the disease can accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy and deterioration of renal function, and worsen urinary albumin excretion.

High blood sugar

Poor glycemic control can accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy, and good glycemic control can significantly delay its progression. Hyperglycemia and increased production of glycation end products cause mesangial cell proliferation, extracellular matrix increase, mesangial dilation, and glomerular basement membrane thickening.

Renal hemodynamic abnormalities

It plays a key role in the development of diabetic nephropathy and may even be the initiating factor.

Many people with diabetes do not know much about the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy, so their condition progresses and eventually becomes difficult to control. Therefore, diabetic friends should be aware of itThe main symptoms of diabetic nephropathyto prevent problems before they occur.

1. Proteinuria: The only manifestation in the early stages of clinical diabetic nephropathy is proteinuria, which progresses from intermittent to persistent.

2. Edema: There is generally no edema in the early stage of clinical diabetic nephropathy, and a small number of patients may have mild edema before the plasma protein is reduced.

3. High blood pressurePatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have more hypertension, but the proportion of hypertension is also increased when proteinuria occurs, and patients with nephrotic syndrome have hypertension.

4. Renal failureThere is a great difference in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and some patients have very little protein in the urine, but they can rapidly develop nephrotic syndrome, and the kidney function gradually deteriorates, and eventually uremia develops.

5. Patients with anemia and obvious azotemia may have mild anemia.

6. Almost 100% of patients with severe diabetic nephropathy are combined with retinopathy, but patients with severe retinopathy may not necessarily have obvious kidney disease, and when diabetic nephropathy progresses, retinopathy often accelerates its deterioration.

1.Eat a balanced diet with appropriate protein restrictions, but adequate energy intake to prevent malnutrition.

2.Reasonable planning of meals, energy and protein allocation.

3.Individualized meal planning and nutrition education.

4.Food options.

Diabetic nephropathy usually has the following symptoms:

Symptom 1: Proteinuria. At first, due to the increase in glomerular filtration pressure and changes in the charge on the filtration membrane, only a trace amount of albumin appears in the urine, which is selective proteinuria and no globulin increase, which can last for many years.

Symptom 2: High blood pressure. High blood pressure is common in people with kidney disease. Severe kidney disease is often associated with hypertension, which can accelerate the progression and worsening of kidney disease. Under normal circumstances, if diabetic patients have high blood pressure, do not take antihypertensive drugs first, and find out the cause of the increase in blood pressure.

Symptom 3: Cramps in the ham. If you have been suffering from diabetes for a long time, if you have leg cramps or calcium deficiency, it is likely that your kidneys have been damaged.

This calcium deficiency caused by kidney disease is generally ineffective in calcium supplementation. In this case, urine routine and renal function should be checked in time to prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.

Experts pointed out that there is no specific drug for diabetes.

Therefore, it is extremely important to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. You don't have to wait until the appearance of diabetes to think about it**, you can prevent it before you get sick, and you can drink fu. mai。。kang。。CHA to prevent the onset of diabetes.

Attention everyone. Once diabetic nephropathy occurs, it will be difficult to control the rate at which diabetic nephropathy progresses. Therefore, early detection and early detection can effectively avoid the deterioration and progression of the patient's condition, prevent it from developing into diabetic renal failure and uremia, and fundamentally improve the quality of life of patients with diabetic nephropathy.

The clinical sliding bed symptoms of diabetic nephropathy are related to its stage as follows:

1. Early stage of diabetic nephropathy: urine test is negative, no clinical symptoms;

2. Normal albuminuria period: generally urine protein is negative, after strenuous exercise, urine protein is positive;

3. Trace albuminuria defeat period: micro albuminuria after birth;

4. Proteinuria: proteinuria, edema, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc., may occur, and the symptoms are more obvious;

5. Kidney failure stage: patients may experience nausea and vomiting, increased blood pressure, and anemia in severe cases, with obvious symptoms.

The most obvious clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy is protein in the urine, and the external manifestation is that the patient pees with many urine bubbles and does not dissipate for a long time.

Diabetic nephropathy is generally divided into 6 stages. When a patient is found to have diabetic nephropathy, it can be reversed before stage 3. After stage 3, glomerulosclerosis and proliferative lesions appear, it is difficult for patients to achieve complete reversal.

However, it does not mean that diabetic nephropathy after stage 3 cannot be reversed. Reversal can delay the progression of kidney complications in a bad direction, delay the day of kidney dialysis, or reduce the number of dialysis sessions.

There are different targets for reversal at different stages of diabetic nephropathy**. Through blood sugar control and lifestyle management, patients can control blood sugar at a standard that is not toxic to the kidneys and the body. Patients in the late or terminal stage can achieve the above target values.

When people with diabetes go to the hospital to have their blood sugar tested, they often only measure their blood sugar after a meal or fasting blood sugar. When doctors ask for more tests, patients often excuse themselves with a variety of reasons. In fact, every test that a doctor asks a patient to perform has its own clinical significance.

For diabetic patients, in addition to fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin, it is also necessary to check kidney function regularly. Its role is to be able to catch complications as early as possible and in a timely manner**.

The human body is like a delicate instrument with the ability to self-regulate and self-heal. If reversal can be achieved, blood sugar can be controlled to a level that is not glucose-toxic to the body, and the kidneys may be repaired.

1. ProteinuriaThere is no clinical proteinuria in early diabetic nephropathy, and only radioimmunoassays can detect microproteinuria. The only manifestation in the early stages of clinical diabetic nephropathy is proteinuria, which progresses from intermittent to persistent.

2. EdemaThere is generally no edema in the early stages of clinical diabetic nephropathy, and a small number of patients may have mild edema before the plasma protein is reduced. If there is a large amount of proteinuria, plasma protein is low, and edema is worse, most of them are manifestations of disease progression to advanced stages.

3. High blood pressureThe prevalence of hypertension does not increase in patients with type 1 diabetes without nephropathy than in normal people, and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have more hypertension, but the proportion of hypertension increases when proteinuria occurs, and patients with nephrotic syndrome have hypertension, which is mostly moderate and a few are severe.

4. Renal failureDiabetic nephropathy progresses very quickly. Some patients have mild proteinuria that can last for many years but have normal renal function, while others have very little proteinuria and can rapidly develop nephrotic syndrome, with gradual deterioration of renal function and eventually uremia.

5) Anemia. Patients with significant azotemia may have mild anemia.

6) Other organ complications. Cardiovascular lesions such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and neuropathy such as peripheral neuropathy. Neurogenic bladder may occur when autonomic nerves are involved.

Diabetic nephropathy is almost 100% severe with retinopathy, but patients with severe retinopathy do not necessarily have significant renal disease. When diabetic nephropathy progresses, retinopathy often accelerates.

The early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy may not be obvious, and the main manifestations in the early stage may be due to the patient's poor self-glycemic control, resulting in dry mouth, thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision. There is also an increase in foam in the urine due to kidney reasons. Or the urine color is more cloudy, backache, low back pain, swelling of the face or lower limbs, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distention, discomfort during urination, increased nocturia, and some patients may experience dizziness, headache, dizziness and other discomforts due to poor blood pressure control.

The clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy are the same as those of common nephropathy, and the most important features are massive albuminuria greater than g per day, edema, and hypertension. Diabetic nephropathy has severe edema and responds poorly to diuretics. Once the patient develops persistent proteinuria and develops clinical diabetic nephropathy, renal failure occurs due to extensive thickening of the glomerular basal membrane, progressive narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen and more glomerular depletion, resulting in a progressive decline in renal filtration function.